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Lin ZJ, Mahammed SAR, Liu TF, Cao R. Multifunctional Porous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks: Current Status and Future Perspectives. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1589-1608. [PMID: 36589879 PMCID: PMC9801510 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), self-assembled from organic or metalated organic building blocks (also termed as tectons) by hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and other intermolecular interactions, have become an emerging class of multifunctional porous materials. So far, a library of HOFs with high porosity has been synthesized based on versatile tectons and supramolecular synthons. Benefiting from the flexibility and reversibility of H-bonds, HOFs feature high structural flexibility, mild synthetic reaction, excellent solution processability, facile healing, easy regeneration, and good recyclability. However, the flexible and reversible nature of H-bonds makes most HOFs suffer from poor structural designability and low framework stability. In this Outlook, we first describe the development and structural features of HOFs and summarize the design principles of HOFs and strategies to enhance their stability. Second, we highlight the state-of-the-art development of HOFs for diverse applications, including gas storage and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, biological applications, sensing, proton conduction, and other applications. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Jin Lin
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- College
of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and
Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Shaheer A. R. Mahammed
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Fu Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian
Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic
Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Rong Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research
on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian
Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic
Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
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Song X, Wang Y, Wang C, Wang D, Zhuang G, Kirlikovali KO, Li P, Farha OK. Design Rules of Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks with High Chemical and Thermal Stabilities. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10663-10687. [PMID: 35675383 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), self-assembled from strategically pre-designed molecular tectons with complementary hydrogen-bonding patterns, are rapidly evolving into a novel and important class of porous materials. In addition to their common features shared with other functionalized porous materials constructed from modular building blocks, the intrinsically flexible and reversible H-bonding connections endow HOFs with straightforward purification procedures, high crystallinity, solution processability, and recyclability. These unique advantages of HOFs have attracted considerable attention across a broad range of fields, including gas adsorption and separation, catalysis, chemical sensing, and electrical and optical materials. However, the relatively weak H-bonding interactions within HOFs can potentially limit their stability and potential use in further applications. To that end, this Perspective highlights recent advances in the development of chemically and thermally robust HOF materials and systematically discusses relevant design rules and synthesis strategies to access highly stable HOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Guowei Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kent O Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Chen Q, Zhang T, Chen X, Liang M, Zhao H, Yuan P, Han Y, Li CP, Hao J, Xue P. Tunable Fluorescence in Two-Component Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks Based on Energy Transfer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24509-24517. [PMID: 35588507 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A dumbbell-shaped compound (TPAD) with four 2,4-diaminotriazine moieties as H-bond units and a benzene ring as a bridge group was found to form hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with strong cyan fluorescence. An energy acceptor, 6,6',6″,6‴-(((benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-diylbis-(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanetriyl))tetrakis(benzene-4,1-diyl))tetrakis(1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (BTAD), with the same molecular skeleton as TPAD and a longer emission wavelength could homogeneously distribute within the framework of TPAD through occupying the locations of TPAD. As a result, two-component HOFs (TC-HOFs) were formed. The nonradiative energy transfer from TPAD as the donor to BTAD as the acceptor happens within frameworks owing to the efficient spectral overlap between the emission of TPAD and the absorption of BTAD. Moreover, the emission wavelengths and colors of TC-HOFs could be easily and continuously modulated by the content of the acceptor. The fluorescence color changed from cyan to orange when the content of BTAD gradually increased. This finding affirms that TC-HOFs with continuously adjustable composition can be constructed from two molecules with the same molecular skeleton, and highly efficient nonradiative energy transfer may happen in porous TC-HOFs. To the best of our knowledge, these TC-HOFs are the first example of TC-HOFs involved in energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Peng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjun Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengchong Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
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HOFs Built from Hexatopic Carboxylic Acids: Structure, Porosity, Stability, and Photophysics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041929. [PMID: 35216044 PMCID: PMC8875020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have attracted renewed attention as another type of promising candidates for functional porous materials. In most cases of HOF preparation, the applied molecular design principle is based on molecules with rigid π-conjugated skeleton together with more than three H-bonding groups to achieve 2D- or 3D-networked structures. However, the design principle does not always work, but results in formation of unexpected structures, where subtle structural factors of which we are not aware dictate the entire structure of HOFs. In this contribution, we assess recent advances in HOFs, focusing on those composed of hexatopic building block molecules, which can provide robust frameworks with a wide range of topologies and properties. The HOFs described in this work are classified into three types, depending on their H-bonded structural motifs. Here in, we focus on: (1) the chemical aspects that govern their unique fundamental chemistry and structures; and (2) their photophysics at the ensemble and single-crystal levels. The work addresses and discusses how these aspects affect and orient their photonic applicability. We trust that this contribution will provide a deep awareness and will help scientists to build up a systematic series of porous materials with the aim to control both their structural and photodynamical assets.
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