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Markad US, Lisouskaya A, Bartels DM. Reactions of Nickel Ions in Water Radiolysis up to 300 °C. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2784-2791. [PMID: 36926873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Radiation chemistry of hydrated metal ions plays a significant role in the field of nuclear energy, especially regarding water radiolysis in coolant water in nuclear reactors. This work reports new experimental data on the reactivity of Ni2+/+ species under critical conditions of temperature and pressure. The reaction rates of hydrated nickel ions with water radiolysis products (e-aq, •OH, H, and H2O2) have been investigated for a 25-300 °C temperature range and 200 bar pressure using electron pulse radiolysis/transient absorption. Extensive experiments with the Ni2+/+ species in various salts and pH up to 300 °C were performed. Kinetic decay traces of short-lived monovalent nickel ions were fitted to extract the rate constants versus temperature up to 300 °C. A blue shift of the absorption spectrum of the monovalent nickel ion with increasing temperature was demonstrated, which may indicate a change in the average coordination number. The Arrhenius parameters for the reactions of Ni2+ with e-aq and Ni+ with •OH, H, and H2O2 were obtained. All measured rate constants increased with temperature and followed Arrhenius behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddhav S Markad
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Aliaksandra Lisouskaya
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David M Bartels
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Conrad JK, Lisouskaya A, Bartels DM. Pulse Radiolysis and Transient Absorption of Aqueous Cr(VI) Solutions up to 325 °C. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39071-39077. [PMID: 36340103 PMCID: PMC9631915 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulse radiolysis with a custom multichannel detection system has been used to measure the kinetics of the radiation chemistry reactions of aqueous solutions of chromium(VI) to 325 °C for the first time. Kinetic traces were measured simultaneously over a range of wavelengths and fit to obtain the associated high-temperature rate coefficients and Arrhenius parameters for the reactions of Cr(VI) + e aq -, Cr(VI) + H•, and Cr(V) + •OH. These kinetic parameters can be used to predict the behavior of toxic Cr(VI) in models of aqueous systems for applications in nuclear technology, industrial wastewater treatment, and chemical dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacy K. Conrad
- Center
for Radiation Chemistry Research, Idaho
National Laboratory, 1955 N. Fremont Ave., Idaho Falls, Idaho83415, United
States
| | - Aliaksandra Lisouskaya
- Notre
Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of
Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana46556, United States
| | - David M. Bartels
- Notre
Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of
Notre Dame, Notre
Dame, Indiana46556, United States
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Lisouskaya A, Markad US, Carmichael I, Bartels DM. Reactivity of Zn +aq in high-temperature water radiolysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19882-19889. [PMID: 35959849 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactivity of transients involving Zn+ in high-temperature water radiolysis has been studied in the temperature range of 25-300 °C. The reduced monovalent zinc species were generated from an electron transfer process between the hydrated electron and Zn2+ ions using pulse radiolysis. The Zn+ species can subsequently be oxidized by the radiolytically-produced oxidizing species: ˙OH, H2O2 and ˙H. We find that the absorption of monovalent zinc is very sensitive to the pH of the medium. An absorption maximum at 306-311 nm is most pronounced at pH 7 and the signal then decreases in acidic media where the reducing electrons are competitively captured by protons. At pH values higher than 7, hydroxo-forms of Zn2+ are created and the maximum of the absorption signal begins to shift to the red spectral region. We find that the optical spectrum of Zn+aq cannot be fully explained in terms of a charge-transfer to solvent (CTTS) process, which was previously proposed. Reaction rates of most of the recombination reactions investigated follow the empirical Arrhenius relationship at temperatures up to 200 °C and have been determined at higher temperatures for the first time. A bimolecular disproportionation reaction of Zn+aq is not observed under the conditions investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uddhav S Markad
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Ian Carmichael
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - David M Bartels
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Wang PF, Yu J, Guo KX, Jiang SP, Chen JJ, Gu QS, Liu JR, Hong X, Li ZL, Liu XY. Design of Hemilabile N,N,N-Ligands in Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Radical Cross-Coupling of Benzyl/Propargyl Halides with Alkenylboronate Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6442-6452. [PMID: 35363483 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The enantioconvergent radical C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-coupling of alkyl halides with alkenylboronate esters is an appealing tool in the assembly of synthetically valuable enantioenriched alkenes owing to the ready availability, low toxicity, and air/moisture stability of alkenylboronate esters. Here, we report a copper/chiral N,N,N-ligand catalytic system for the enantioconvergent cross-coupling of benzyl/propargyl halides with alkenylboronate esters (>80 examples) with good functional group tolerance. The key to the success is the rational design of hemilabile N,N,N-ligands by mounting steric hindrance at the ortho position of one coordinating quinoline ring. Thus, the newly designed ligand could not only promote the radical cross-coupling process in the tridentate form but also deliver enantiocontrol over highly reactive alkyl radicals in the bidentate form. Facile follow-up transformations highlight its potential utility in the synthesis of various enantioenriched building blocks as well as in the late-stage functionalization for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiao Yu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kai-Xin Guo
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sheng-Peng Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ji-Jun Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang-Shuai Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ji-Ren Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Small Molecule Drug Discovery and Synthesis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Lisovskaya A, Carmichael I, Harriman A. Pulse Radiolysis Investigation of Radicals Derived from Water-Soluble Cyanine Dyes: Implications for Super-resolution Microscopy. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5779-5793. [PMID: 34165985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-induced blinking, an inherent feature of many forms of super-resolution microscopy, has been linked to transient reduction of the fluorescent cyanine dye used as an imaging agent. There is, however, only scant literature information related to one-electron reduced cyanine dyes, especially in an aqueous environment. Here, we examine a small series of cyanine dyes, possessing disparate π-conjugation lengths, under selective reducing or oxidizing conditions. The experiment allows recording of both differential absorption spectra and decay kinetics of the resultant one-electron reduced or oxidized transient species in water. Relative to the ground state, absorption transitions for the various radicals are weak and somewhat broadened but do allow correlation with the π-conjugation length. In all cases, absorption maxima lie to the blue of the main ground-state transition. Under anaerobic conditions, the transient species decay on the microsecond to millisecond time scale, with the mean lifetime depending on molecular structure, radiation dose, and dye concentration. The experimental absorption spectra recorded for the one-electron reduced radicals and the presumed dimer cation radical compare well to spectra obtained from time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The results allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the plausibility of the reduced species being responsible for light-induced blinking in direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lisovskaya
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ian Carmichael
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Anthony Harriman
- Molecular Photonics Laboratory, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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Lisovskaya A, Shadyro O, Schiemann O, Carmichael I. OH radical reactions with the hydrophilic component of sphingolipids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:1639-1648. [PMID: 33411878 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05972b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, using the example of model compounds, we studied the reactions resulting from the interaction of OH radicals with the hydrophilic part of sphingolipids. We compared the stopped-flow EPR spectroscopy and pulse radiolysis with optical detection methods to characterize radical intermediates formed in the reaction of OH radicals with glycerol, serinol and N-boc-serinol. Quantum chemical calculations were also performed to help interpret the observed experimental data. It was shown that H-abstraction from the terminal carbon atom is the main process that is realized for all the studied compounds. The presence of the unsubstituted amino group (-NH2) is seen to completely change the reaction properties of serinol in comparison with those observed in glycerol and N-boc serinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lisovskaya
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 Indiana, USA. and Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oleg Shadyro
- Department of Chemistry of the Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosti Av., 4, 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Olav Schiemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstr. 12, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ian Carmichael
- Notre Dame Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, 46556 Indiana, USA.
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