1
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Prasad RR, Boyadjieva SS, Zhou G, Tan J, Firth FCN, Ling S, Huang Z, Cliffe MJ, Foster JA, Forgan RS. Modulated Self-Assembly of Catalytically Active Metal-Organic Nanosheets Containing Zr 6 Clusters and Dicarboxylate Ligands. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17812-17820. [PMID: 38557002 PMCID: PMC11009912 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional metal-organic nanosheets (MONs) have emerged as attractive alternatives to their three-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) counterparts for heterogeneous catalysis due to their greater external surface areas and higher accessibility of catalytically active sites. Zr MONs are particularly prized because of their chemical stability and high Lewis and Brønsted acidities of the Zr clusters. Herein, we show that careful control over modulated self-assembly and exfoliation conditions allows the isolation of the first example of a two-dimensional nanosheet wherein Zr6 clusters are linked by dicarboxylate ligands. The hxl topology MOF, termed GUF-14 (GUF = Glasgow University Framework), can be exfoliated into monolayer thickness hns topology MONs, and acid-induced removal of capping modulator units yields MONs with enhanced catalytic activity toward the formation of imines and the hydrolysis of an organophosphate nerve agent mimic. The discovery of GUF-14 serves as a valuable example of the undiscovered MOF/MON structural diversity extant in established metal-ligand systems that can be accessed by harnessing the power of modulated self-assembly protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram R.
R. Prasad
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Sophia S. Boyadjieva
- WestCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University
Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Guojun Zhou
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Jiangtian Tan
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Francesca C. N. Firth
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Sanliang Ling
- Advanced
Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University
Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Matthew J. Cliffe
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jonathan A. Foster
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Ross S. Forgan
- WestCHEM
School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University
Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
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2
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Linares-Moreau M, Brandner LA, Velásquez-Hernández MDJ, Fonseca J, Benseghir Y, Chin JM, Maspoch D, Doonan C, Falcaro P. Fabrication of Oriented Polycrystalline MOF Superstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309645. [PMID: 38018327 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has progressed beyond the design and exploration of powdery and single-crystalline materials. A current challenge is the fabrication of organized superstructures that can harness the directional properties of the individual constituent MOF crystals. To date, the progress in the fabrication methods of polycrystalline MOF superstructures has led to close-packed structures with defined crystalline orientation. By controlling the crystalline orientation, the MOF pore channels of the constituent crystals can be aligned along specific directions: these systems possess anisotropic properties including enhanced diffusion along specific directions, preferential orientation of guest species, and protection of functional guests. In this perspective, we discuss the current status of MOF research in the fabrication of oriented polycrystalline superstructures focusing on the specific crystalline directions of orientation. Three methods are examined in detail: the assembly from colloidal MOF solutions, the use of external fields for the alignment of MOF particles, and the heteroepitaxial ceramic-to-MOF growth. This perspective aims at promoting the progress of this field of research and inspiring the development of new protocols for the preparation of MOF systems with oriented pore channels, to enable advanced MOF-based devices with anisotropic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Linares-Moreau
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Lea A Brandner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | | | - Javier Fonseca
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Youven Benseghir
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Catalysis, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Jia Min Chin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Catalysis, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 42, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Daniel Maspoch
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Christian Doonan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Paolo Falcaro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Graz, 8010, Austria
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3
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Marchetti D, Pedrini A, Massera C, Faye Diouf MD, Jandl C, Steinfeld G, Gemmi M. 3D electron diffraction analysis of a novel, mechanochemically synthesized supramolecular organic framework based on tetrakis-4-(4-pyridyl)phenylmethane. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2023; 79:432-436. [PMID: 37811771 PMCID: PMC10833357 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520623007680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Tetrakis-4-(4-pyridyl)phenylmethane (TPPM) is a tetrahedral rigid molecule that crystallizes forming a dynamically responsive supramolecular organic framework (SOF). When exposed to different stimuli, this supramolecular network can reversibly switch from an empty to a filled solvated solid phase. This article describes a novel expanded form of a TPPM-based SOF that has been mechanochemically synthesized and whose crystal structure has been determined by 3D electron diffraction analysis using a novel electron diffractometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, 43123, Italy
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, 43123, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma, 43123, Italy
| | - Moussa Diame Faye Diouf
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
| | - Christian Jandl
- ELDICO Scientific AG, PARK INNOVAARE: deliveryLAB, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
| | - Gunther Steinfeld
- ELDICO Scientific AG, PARK INNOVAARE: deliveryLAB, Villigen, 5234, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025, Italy
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4
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Gulati S, Pakzad A. Automated Continuous Diffraction Tomography with Gatan Direct Detection Electron Counting Cameras: Advantages and Best Practices for Data Acquisition. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1048-1049. [PMID: 37613263 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
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5
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Wang S, Yang T, Kumar K, Namvar S, Kim S, Ahmadiparidari A, Shahbazi H, Singh S, Hemmat Z, Berry V, Cabana J, Khalili-Araghi F, Huang Z, Salehi-Khojin A. Thermodynamics and Kinetics in Anisotropic Growth of One-Dimensional Midentropy Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37467377 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) materials demonstrate anisotropic in-plane physical properties that enable a wide range of functionalities in electronics, photonics, valleytronics, optoelectronics, and catalysis. Here, we undertake an in-depth study of the growth mechanism for equimolar midentropy alloy of (NbTaTi)0.33S3 nanoribbons as a model system for 1D transition metal trichalcogenide structures. To understand the thermodynamic and kinetic effects in the growth process, the energetically preferred phases at different synthesis temperatures and times are investigated, and the phase evolution is inspected at a sequence of growth steps. It is uncovered that the dynamics of the growth process occurs at four different stages via preferential incorporation of chemical species at high-surface-energy facets. Also, a sequence of temperature and time dependent nonuniform to uniform phase evolutions has emerged in the composition and structure of (NbTaTi)0.33S3 which is described based on an anisotropic vapor-solid (V-S) mechanism. Furthermore, direct evidence for the 3D structure of the charge density wave (CDW) phase (width less than 100 nm) is provided by three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) in individual nanoribbons at cryogenic temperature, and detailed comparisons are made between the phases obtained before and after CDW transformation. This study provides important fundamental information for the design and synthesis of future 1D alloy structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxi Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Taimin Yang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Khagesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Shahriar Namvar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sungjoon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Alireza Ahmadiparidari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Hessam Shahbazi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sakshi Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Zahra Hemmat
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Vikas Berry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Jordi Cabana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Fatemeh Khalili-Araghi
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Amin Salehi-Khojin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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6
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Hassanzadeh P, Atyabi F, Dinarvand R. Technical and engineering considerations for designing therapeutics and delivery systems. J Control Release 2023; 353:411-422. [PMID: 36470331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The newly-emerged pathological conditions and increased rates of drug resistance necessitate application of the state-of-the-art technologies for accelerated discovery of the therapeutic candidates and obtaining comprehensive knowledge about their targets, action mechanisms, and interactions within the body including those between the receptors and drugs. Using the physics- and chemistry-based modern techniques for theranostic purposes, preparing smart carriers, local delivery of genes or drugs, and enhancing pharmaceutical bioavailability could be of great value against the hard-to-treat diseases and growing drug resistance. Besides the artificial intelligence- and quantum-based techniques, crystal engineering capable of designing new molecules with appropriate characteristics, improving the stability and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, and efficient carrier development could play a crucial role in manufacturing efficient pharmaceuticals and reducing the adverse events. In this context, identifying the structures and behaviors of crystals and predicting their characteristics are of great value. Electron diffraction by accelerated analysis of the chemicals and sensitivity to charge alterations, electromechanical tools for controlled delivery of therapeutics, mechatronics via fabrication of multi-functional smart products including the organ-on-chip devices for healthcare applications, and optomechatronics by overcoming the limitations of conventional biomedical techniques could address the unmet biomedical requirements and facilitate development of more effective theranostics with improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Hassanzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran; Sasan Hospital, Tehran 14159-83391, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran
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7
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Ge M, Yang T, Xu H, Zou X, Huang Z. Direct Location of Organic Molecules in Framework Materials by Three-Dimensional Electron Diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15165-15174. [PMID: 35950776 PMCID: PMC9434828 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the study of framework materials, probing interactions between frameworks and organic molecules is one of the most important tasks, which offers us a fundamental understanding of host-guest interactions in gas sorption, separation, catalysis, and framework structure formation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) is a conventional method to locate organic species and study such interactions. However, SCXRD demands large crystals whose quality is often vulnerable to, e.g., cracking on the crystals by introducing organic molecules, and this is a major challenge to use SCXRD for structural analysis. With the development of three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED), single-crystal structural analysis can be performed on very tiny crystals with sizes on the nanometer scale. Here, we analyze two framework materials, SU-8 and SU-68, with organic molecules inside their inorganic crystal structures. By applying 3D ED, with fast data collection and an ultralow electron dose (0.8-2.6 e- Å-2), we demonstrate for the first time that each nonhydrogen atom from the organic molecules can be ab initio located from structure solution, and they are shown as distinct and well-separated peaks in the difference electrostatic potential maps showing high accuracy and reliability. As a result, two different spatial configurations are identified for the same guest molecule in SU-8. We find that the organic molecules interact with the framework through strong hydrogen bonding, which is the key to immobilizing them at well-defined positions. In addition, we demonstrate that host-guest systems can be studied at room temperature. Providing high accuracy and reliability, we believe that 3D ED can be used as a powerful tool to study host-guest interactions, especially for nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Taimin Yang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Hongyi Xu
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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8
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Single-crystal structure determination of nanosized metal-organic frameworks by three-dimensional electron diffraction. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2389-2413. [PMID: 35896741 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable interest due to their well-defined pore architecture and structural tunability on molecular dimensions. While single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) has been widely used to elucidate the structures of MOFs at the atomic scale, the formation of large and well-ordered crystals is still a crucial bottleneck for structure determination. To alleviate this challenge, three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) has been developed for structure determination of nano- (submicron-)sized crystals. Such 3D ED data are collected from each single crystal using transmission electron microscopy. In this protocol, we introduce the entire workflow for structural analysis of MOFs by 3D ED, from sample preparation, data acquisition and data processing to structure determination. We describe methods for crystal screening and handling of crystal agglomerates, which are crucial steps in sample preparation for single-crystal 3D ED data collection. We further present how to set up a transmission electron microscope for 3D ED data acquisition and, more importantly, offer suggestions for the optimization of data acquisition conditions. For data processing, including unit cell and space group determination, and intensity integration, we provide guidelines on how to use electron and X-ray crystallography software to process 3D ED data. Finally, we present structure determination from 3D ED data and discuss the important features associated with 3D ED data that need to be considered. We believe that this protocol provides critical details for implementing and utilizing 3D ED as a structure determination platform for nano- (submicron-)sized MOFs as well as other crystalline materials.
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9
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Samperisi L, Zou X, Huang Z. How to get maximum structure information from anisotropic displacement parameters obtained by three-dimensional electron diffraction: an experimental study on metal-organic frameworks. IUCRJ 2022; 9:480-491. [PMID: 35844475 PMCID: PMC9252158 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522005632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) has been used for ab initio structure determination of various types of nanocrystals, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, metal oxides and organic crystals. These crystals are often obtained as polycrystalline powders, which are too small for single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). While it is now possible to obtain accurate atomic positions of nanocrystals by adopting kinematical refinement against 3D ED data, most new structures are refined with isotropic displacement parameters (U eq), which limits the detection of possible structure disorders and atomic motions. Anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs, Uij ) obtained by anisotropic structure refinement, on the other hand, provide information about the average displacements of atoms from their mean positions in a crystal, which can provide insights with respect to displacive disorder and flexibility. Although ADPs have been obtained from some 3D ED studies of MOFs, they are seldom mentioned or discussed in detail. We report here a detailed study and interpretation of structure models refined anisotropically against 3D ED data. Three MOF samples with different structural complexity and symmetry, namely ZIF-EC1, MIL-140C and Ga(OH)(1,4-ndc) (1,4-ndcH2 is naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid), were chosen for the studies. We compare the ADPs refined against individual data sets and how they are affected by different data-merging strategies. Based on our results and analysis, we propose strategies for obtaining accurate structure models with interpretable ADPs based on kinematical refinement against 3D ED data. The ADPs of the obtained structure models provide clear and unambiguous information about linker motions in the MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Samperisi
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 106 91, Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 106 91, Sweden
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 106 91, Sweden
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10
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Wang K, Li Y, Xie LH, Li X, Li JR. Construction and application of base-stable MOFs: a critical review. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6417-6441. [PMID: 35702993 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous crystalline materials constructed from organic ligands and metal ions/clusters. Owing to their unique advantages, they have attracted more and more attention in recent years and numerous studies have revealed their great potential in various applications. Many important applications of MOFs inevitably involve harsh alkaline operational environments. To achieve high performance and long cycling life in these applications, high stability of MOFs against bases is necessary. Therefore, the construction of base-stable MOFs has become a critical research direction in the MOF field. This review gives a historic summary of the development of base-stable MOFs in the last few years. The key factors that can determine the robustness of MOFs under basic conditions are analyzed. We also demonstrate the exciting achievements that have been made by utilizing base-stable MOFs in different applications. In the end, we discuss major challenges for the further development of base-stable MOFs. Some possible methods to address these problems are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Yaping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Hua Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation and Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China.
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11
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Gong X, Gnanasekaran K, Ma K, Forman CJ, Wang X, Su S, Farha OK, Gianneschi NC. Rapid Generation of Metal-Organic Framework Phase Diagrams by High-Throughput Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6674-6680. [PMID: 35385280 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) constructed from Zr6 nodes and tetratopic carboxylate linkers display high structural diversity and complexity in which various crystal topologies can result from identical building units. To determine correlations between MOF topologies and experimental parameters, such as solvent choice or modulator identity and concentration, we demonstrate the rapid generation of phase diagrams for Zr6-MOFs with 1,4-dibromo-2,3,5,6-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene linkers under a variety of conditions. We have developed a full set of methods for high-throughput transmission electron microscopy (TEM), including automated sample preparation and data acquisition, to accelerate MOF characterization. The use of acetic acid as a modulator yields amorphous, NU-906, NU-600, and mixed-phase structures depending on the ratio of N,N-dimethylformamide to N,N-diethylformamide solvent and the quantity of the modulator. Notably, the use of formic acid as a modulator enables direct control of crystal growth along the c direction through variation of the modulator quantity, thus realizing aspect ratio control of NU-1008 crystals with different catalytic hydrolysis performance toward a nerve agent simulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gong
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karthikeyan Gnanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, and Pharmacology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kaikai Ma
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher J Forman
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, and Pharmacology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xingjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Shengyi Su
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, and Pharmacology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, and Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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12
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Meng Z, Jones CG, Farid S, Khan IU, Nelson HM, Mirica KA. Unraveling the Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Layered Conductive Metal‐Organic Framework With Atomic Precision. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Burke Laboratory Hanover NH 03755 USA
| | - Christopher G. Jones
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Sidra Farid
- Material Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry GC University Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Islam Ullah Khan
- Material Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry GC University Lahore 54000 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry University of Mianwali Mianwali 42200 Pakistan
| | - Hosea M. Nelson
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Katherine A. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry Dartmouth College Burke Laboratory Hanover NH 03755 USA
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13
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Samperisi L, Zou X, Huang Z. Three-Dimensional Electron Diffraction: A Powerful Structural Characterization Technique for Crystal Engineering. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding crystal structures and behaviors is crucial for constructing and engineering crystalline materials with various properties and functions. Recent advancement in three-dimensional electron diffraction (3D ED) and its application on...
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14
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Meng Z, Jones CG, Farid S, Khan IU, Nelson HM, Mirica KA. Unraveling the Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Layered Conductive Metal-Organic Framework With Atomic Precision. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113569. [PMID: 34784436 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes structural elucidation of a layered conductive metal-organic framework (MOF) material Cu3 (C6 O6 )2 by microcrystal electron diffraction with sub-angstrom precision. This insight enables the first identification of an unusual π-stacking interaction in a layered MOF material characterized by an extremely short (2.73 Å) close packing of the ligand arising from pancake bonding and ordered water clusters within pores. Band structure analysis suggests semiconductive properties of the MOF, which are likely related to the localized nature of pancake bonds and the formation of a singlet dimer of the ligand. The spin of CuII within the Kagomé arrangement dominates the paramagnetism of the MOF, leading to strong geometrical magnetic frustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Christopher G Jones
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Sidra Farid
- Material Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Islam Ullah Khan
- Material Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, 42200, Pakistan
| | - Hosea M Nelson
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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15
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Ge M, Yang T, Wang Y, Carraro F, Liang W, Doonan C, Falcaro P, Zheng H, Zou X, Huang Z. On the completeness of three-dimensional electron diffraction data for structural analysis of metal-organic frameworks. Faraday Discuss 2021; 231:66-80. [PMID: 34227643 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) has been proven as an effective and accurate method for structure determination of nano-sized crystals. In the past decade, the crystal structures of various new complex metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been revealed by 3DED, which has been the key to understand their properties. However, due to the design of transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), one drawback of 3DED experiments is the limited tilt range of goniometers, which often leads to incomplete 3DED data, particularly when the crystal symmetry is low. This drawback can be overcome by high throughput data collection using continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED), where data from a large number of crystals can be collected and merged. Here, we investigate the effects of improving completeness on structural analysis of MOFs. We use ZIF-EC1, a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), as an example. ZIF-EC1 crystallizes in a monoclinic system with a plate-like morphology. cRED data of ZIF-EC1 with different completeness and resolution were analyzed. The data completeness increased to 92.0% by merging ten datasets. Although the structures could be solved from individual datasets with a completeness as low as 44.5% and refined to a high precision (better than 0.04 Å), we demonstrate that a high data completeness could improve the structural model, especially on the electrostatic potential map. We further discuss the strategy adopted during data merging. We also show that ZIF-EC1 doped with cobalt can act as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Taimin Yang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Francesco Carraro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Weibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 South Australia, Australia
| | - Christian Doonan
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005 South Australia, Australia
| | - Paolo Falcaro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Haoquan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden.
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden.
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16
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Ge M, Wang Y, Carraro F, Liang W, Roostaeinia M, Siahrostami S, Proserpio DM, Doonan C, Falcaro P, Zheng H, Zou X, Huang Z. High-Throughput Electron Diffraction Reveals a Hidden Novel Metal-Organic Framework for Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11391-11397. [PMID: 33682282 PMCID: PMC8252586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are known for their versatile combination of inorganic building units and organic linkers, which offers immense opportunities in a wide range of applications. However, many MOFs are typically synthesized as multiphasic polycrystalline powders, which are challenging for studies by X-ray diffraction. Therefore, developing new structural characterization techniques is highly desired in order to accelerate discoveries of new materials. Here, we report a high-throughput approach for structural analysis of MOF nano- and sub-microcrystals by three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED). A new zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF), denoted ZIF-EC1, was first discovered in a trace amount during the study of a known ZIF-CO3 -1 material by 3DED. The structures of both ZIFs were solved and refined using 3DED data. ZIF-EC1 has a dense 3D framework structure, which is built by linking mono- and bi-nuclear Zn clusters and 2-methylimidazolates (mIm- ). With a composition of Zn3 (mIm)5 (OH), ZIF-EC1 exhibits high N and Zn densities. We show that the N-doped carbon material derived from ZIF-EC1 is a promising electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The discovery of this new MOF and its conversion to an efficient electrocatalyst highlights the power of 3DED in developing new materials and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ge
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Francesco Carraro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 98010GrazAustria
| | - Weibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced NanomaterialsThe University of AdelaideAdelaide5005South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Morteza Roostaeinia
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calgary2500 University Drive NWCalgaryAlbertaT2N1N4Canada
| | - Samira Siahrostami
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calgary2500 University Drive NWCalgaryAlbertaT2N1N4Canada
| | - Davide M. Proserpio
- Dipartimento di ChimicaUniversità degli Studi di Milano20133MilanoItaly
- Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science (SCTMS)Samara State Technical UniversitySamara443100Russia
| | - Christian Doonan
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced NanomaterialsThe University of AdelaideAdelaide5005South AustraliaAustralia
| | - Paolo Falcaro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 98010GrazAustria
| | - Haoquan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid ChemistryMinistry of EducationSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710119China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm University10691StockholmSweden
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17
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Ge M, Wang Y, Carraro F, Liang W, Roostaeinia M, Siahrostami S, Proserpio DM, Doonan C, Falcaro P, Zheng H, Zou X, Huang Z. High‐Throughput Electron Diffraction Reveals a Hidden Novel Metal–Organic Framework for Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Francesco Carraro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Weibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 South Australia Australia
| | - Morteza Roostaeinia
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N1N4 Canada
| | - Samira Siahrostami
- Department of Chemistry University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta T2N1N4 Canada
| | - Davide M. Proserpio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano 20133 Milano Italy
- Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science (SCTMS) Samara State Technical University Samara 443100 Russia
| | - Christian Doonan
- Department of Chemistry and the Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 South Australia Australia
| | - Paolo Falcaro
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Haoquan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
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18
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Three-Dimensional Electron Diffraction for Structural Analysis of Beam-Sensitive Metal-Organic Frameworks. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrons interact strongly with matter, which makes it possible to obtain high-resolution electron diffraction data from nano- and submicron-sized crystals. Using electron beam as a radiation source in a transmission electron microscope (TEM), ab initio structure determination can be conducted from crystals that are 6–7 orders of magnitude smaller than using X-rays. The rapid development of three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) techniques has attracted increasing interests in the field of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), where it is often difficult to obtain large and high-quality crystals for single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Nowadays, a 3DED dataset can be acquired in 15–250 s by applying continuous crystal rotation, and the required electron dose rate can be very low (<0.1 e s−1 Å−2). In this review, we describe the evolution of 3DED data collection techniques and how the recent development of continuous rotation electron diffraction techniques improves data quality. We further describe the structure elucidation of MOFs using 3DED techniques, showing examples of using both low- and high-resolution 3DED data. With an improved data quality, 3DED can achieve a high accuracy, and reveal more structural details of MOFs. Because the physical and chemical properties of MOFs are closely associated with their crystal structures, we believe 3DED will only increase its importance in developing MOF materials.
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19
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Huang Z, Willhammar T, Zou X. Three-dimensional electron diffraction for porous crystalline materials: structural determination and beyond. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1206-1219. [PMID: 34163882 PMCID: PMC8179196 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05731b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous crystalline materials such as zeolites, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted great interest due to their well-defined pore structures in molecular dimensions. Knowing the atomic structures of porous materials is crucial for understanding their properties and exploring their applications. Many porous materials are synthesized as polycrystalline powders, which are too small for structure determination by X-ray diffraction. Three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED) has been developed for studying such materials. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent developments of 3DED methods and demonstrate how 3DED revolutionized structural analysis of zeolites, MOFs, and COFs. Zeolites and MOFs whose structures remained unknown for decades could be solved. New approaches for design and targeted synthesis of novel zeolites could be developed. Moreover, we discuss the advances of structural analysis by 3DED in revealing the unique structural features and properties, such as heteroatom distributions, mixed-metal frameworks, structural flexibility, guest-host interactions, and structure transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm SE-106 91 Sweden
| | - Tom Willhammar
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm SE-106 91 Sweden
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University Stockholm SE-106 91 Sweden
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20
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Gong X, Gnanasekaran K, Chen Z, Robison L, Wasson MC, Bentz KC, Cohen SM, Farha OK, Gianneschi NC. Insights into the Structure and Dynamics of Metal–Organic Frameworks via Transmission Electron Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17224-17235. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gong
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karthikeyan Gnanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lee Robison
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Megan C. Wasson
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kyle C. Bentz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Seth M. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Pharmacology, Simpson-Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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21
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Cichocka M, Liang Z, Feng D, Back S, Siahrostami S, Wang X, Samperisi L, Sun Y, Xu H, Hedin N, Zheng H, Zou X, Zhou HC, Huang Z. A Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Tailoring the Spacing between Active-Sites through Chain-Based Inorganic Building Units. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15386-15395. [PMID: 32786758 PMCID: PMC7498152 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is central in carbon-neutral energy devices. While platinum group materials have shown high activities for ORR, their practical uses are hampered by concerns over deactivation, slow kinetics, exorbitant cost, and scarce nature reserve. The low cost yet high tunability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a unique platform for tailoring their characteristic properties as new electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a new concept of design and present stable Zr-chain-based MOFs as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. The strategy is based on using Zr-chains to promote high chemical and redox stability and, more importantly, tailor the immobilization and packing of redox active-sites at a density that is ideal to improve the reaction kinetics. The obtained new electrocatalyst, PCN-226, thereby shows high ORR activity. We further demonstrate PCN-226 as a promising electrode material for practical applications in rechargeable Zn-air batteries, with a high peak power density of 133 mW cm-2. Being one of the very few electrocatalytic MOFs for ORR, this work provides a new concept by designing chain-based structures to enrich the diversity of efficient electrocatalysts and MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena
Ola Cichocka
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Zuozhong Liang
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Dawei Feng
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Seoin Back
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Samira Siahrostami
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Xia Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Laura Samperisi
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Yujia Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Hongyi Xu
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Haoquan Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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22
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Huang Z, Seo S, Shin J, Wang B, Bell RG, Hong SB, Zou X. 3D-3D topotactic transformation in aluminophosphate molecular sieves and its implication in new zeolite structure generation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3762. [PMID: 32724071 PMCID: PMC7387333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeolites have unique pore structures of molecular dimensions and tunable compositions, making them ideal for shape selective catalysis and separation. However, targeted synthesis of zeolites with new pore structures and compositions remains a key challenge. Here, we propose an approach based on a unique 3D-3D topotactic transformation, which takes advantage of weak bonding in zeolites. This is inspired by the structure transformation of PST-5, a new aluminophosphate molecular sieve, to PST-6 by calcination. The structure of nano-sized PST-5 crystals is determined by 3D electron diffraction. We find that the 3D-3D topotactic transformation involves two types of building units where penta- or hexa-coordinated Al is present. We apply this approach to several other zeolite systems and predict a series of new zeolite structures that would be synthetically feasible. This method provides a concept for the synthesis of targeted zeolites, especially those which may not be feasible by conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehao Huang
- Bezerlii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seungwan Seo
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Jiho Shin
- Research Center for Convergent Chemical Process, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea
| | - Bin Wang
- Bezerlii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert G Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Suk Bong Hong
- Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Bezerlii Center EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Rivera-Torrente M, Mandemaker LDB, Filez M, Delen G, Seoane B, Meirer F, Weckhuysen BM. Spectroscopy, microscopy, diffraction and scattering of archetypal MOFs: formation, metal sites in catalysis and thin films. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6694-6732. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00635a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of characterization tools for the analysis of well-known metal–organic frameworks and physico-chemical phenomena associated to their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rivera-Torrente
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Laurens D. B. Mandemaker
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Filez
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Guusje Delen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Seoane
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Florian Meirer
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Bert M. Weckhuysen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis
- Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science
- Utrecht University
- 3584 CG Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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