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Stine JM, Ruland KL, Beardslee LA, Levy JA, Abianeh H, Botasini S, Pasricha PJ, Ghodssi R. Miniaturized Capsule System Toward Real-Time Electrochemical Detection of H 2 S in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302897. [PMID: 38035728 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a gaseous inflammatory mediator and important signaling molecule for maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis. Excess intraluminal H2 S in the GI tract has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disorders; however, the role of H2 S in disease pathogenesis and progression is unclear. Herein, an electrochemical gas-sensing ingestible capsule is developed to enable real-time, wireless amperometric measurement of H2 S in GI conditions. A gold (Au) three-electrode sensor is modified with a Nafion solid-polymer electrolyte (Nafion-Au) to enhance selectivity toward H2 S in humid environments. The Nafion-Au sensor-integrated capsule shows a linear current response in H2 S concentration ranging from 0.21 to 4.5 ppm (R2 = 0.954) with a normalized sensitivity of 12.4% ppm-1 when evaluated in a benchtop setting. The sensor proves highly selective toward H2 S in the presence of known interferent gases, such as hydrogen (H2 ), with a selectivity ratio of H2 S:H2 = 1340, as well as toward methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The packaged capsule demonstrates reliable wireless communication through abdominal tissue analogues, comparable to GI dielectric properties. Also, an assessment of sensor drift and threshold-based notification is investigated, showing potential for in vivo application. Thus, the developed H2 S capsule platform provides an analytical tool to uncover the complex biology-modulating effects of intraluminal H2 S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Stine
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Katie L Ruland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Luke A Beardslee
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Joshua A Levy
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Hossein Abianeh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Santiago Botasini
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85054, USA
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Yi L, Hou B, Liu X. Optical Integration in Wearable, Implantable and Swallowable Healthcare Devices. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19491-19501. [PMID: 37807286 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in materials and semiconductor technologies have led to extensive research on optical integration in wearable, implantable, and swallowable health devices. These optical systems utilize the properties of light─intensity, wavelength, polarization, and phase─to monitor and potentially intervene in various biological events. The potential of these devices is greatly enhanced through the use of multifunctional optical materials, adaptable integration processes, advanced optical sensing principles, and optimized artificial intelligence algorithms. This synergy creates many possibilities for clinical applications. This Perspective discusses key opportunities, challenges, and future directions, particularly with respect to sensing modalities, multifunctionality, and the integration of miniaturized optoelectronic devices. We present fundamental insights and illustrative examples of such devices in wearable, implantable, and swallowable forms. The constant pursuit of innovation and the dedicated approach to critical challenges are poised to influence diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Yi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bo Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
- Center for Functional Materials, National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
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Straker MA, Levy JA, Stine JM, Borbash V, Beardslee LA, Ghodssi R. Freestanding region-responsive bilayer for functional packaging of ingestible devices. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:61. [PMID: 37206701 PMCID: PMC10188515 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00536-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ingestible capsules have the potential to become an attractive alternative to traditional means of treating and detecting gastrointestinal (GI) disease. As device complexity increases, so too does the demand for more effective capsule packaging technologies to elegantly target specific GI locations. While pH-responsive coatings have been traditionally used for the passive targeting of specific GI regions, their application is limited due to the geometric restrictions imposed by standard coating methods. Dip, pan, and spray coating methods only enable the protection of microscale unsupported openings against the harsh GI environment. However, some emerging technologies have millimeter-scale components for performing functions such as sensing and drug delivery. To this end, we present the freestanding region-responsive bilayer (FRRB), a packaging technology for ingestible capsules that can be readily applied for various functional ingestible capsule components. The bilayer is composed of rigid polyethylene glycol (PEG) under a flexible pH-responsive Eudragit® FL 30 D 55, which protects the contents of the capsule until it arrives in the targeted intestinal environment. The FRRB can be fabricated in a multitude of shapes that facilitate various functional packaging mechanisms, some of which are demonstrated here. In this paper, we characterize and validate the use of this technology in a simulated intestinal environment, confirming that the FRRB can be tuned for small intestinal release. We also show a case example where the FRRB is used to protect and expose a thermomechanical actuator for targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Straker
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20850 USA
| | - Joshua A. Levy
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20850 USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 USA
| | - Justin M. Stine
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20850 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Vivian Borbash
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Luke A. Beardslee
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 USA
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20850 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
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Lee S, M Silva S, Caballero Aguilar LM, Eom T, Moulton SE, Shim BS. Biodegradable bioelectronics for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:8575-8595. [PMID: 36214325 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01475k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have been widely used in tissue engineering with the potential to be replaced by regenerative tissue. While conventional bionic interfaces are designed to be implanted in living tissue and organs permanently, biocompatible and biodegradable electronic materials are now progressing a paradigm shift towards transient and regenerative bionic engineering. For example, biodegradable bioelectronics can monitor physiologies in a body, transiently rehabilitate disease symptoms, and seamlessly form regenerative interfaces from synthetic electronic devices to tissues by reducing inflammatory foreign-body responses. Conventional electronic materials have not readily been considered biodegradable. However, several strategies have been adopted for designing electroactive and biodegradable materials systems: (1) conductive materials blended with biodegradable components, (2) molecularly engineered conjugated polymers with biodegradable moieties, (3) naturally derived conjugated biopolymers, and (4) aqueously dissolvable metals with encapsulating layers. In this review, we endeavor to present the technical bridges from electrically active and biodegradable material systems to edible and biodegradable electronics as well as transient bioelectronics with pre-clinical bio-instrumental applications, including biodegradable sensors, neural and tissue engineering, and intelligent drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Lee
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saimon M Silva
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia. .,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Lilith M Caballero Aguilar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia. .,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Taesik Eom
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia. .,The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Bong Sup Shim
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Steiger C, Phan NV, Huang H, Sun H, Chu JN, Reker D, Gwynne D, Collins J, Tamang S, McManus R, Lopes A, Hayward A, Baron RM, Kim EY, Traverso G. Dynamic Monitoring of Systemic Biomarkers with Gastric Sensors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102861. [PMID: 34713599 PMCID: PMC8693042 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Continuous monitoring in the intensive care setting has transformed the capacity to rapidly respond with interventions for patients in extremis. Noninvasive monitoring has generally been limited to transdermal or intravascular systems coupled to transducers including oxygen saturation or pressure. Here it is hypothesized that gastric fluid (GF) and gases, accessible through nasogastric (NG) tubes, commonly found in intensive care settings, can provide continuous access to a broad range of biomarkers. A broad characterization of biomarkers in swine GF coupled to time-matched serum is conducted . The relationship and kinetics of GF-derived analyte level dynamics is established by correlating these to serum levels in an acute renal failure and an inducible stress model performed in swine. The ability to monitor ketone levels and an inhaled anaesthetic agent (isoflurane) in vivo is demonstrated with novel NG-compatible sensor systems in swine. Gastric access remains a main stay in the care of the critically ill patient, and here the potential is established to harness this establishes route for analyte evaluation for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Steiger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Nhi V. Phan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Hen‐Wei Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Haoying Sun
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Jacqueline N. Chu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Daniel Reker
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Declan Gwynne
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Joy Collins
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Siddartha Tamang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Rebecca McManus
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Aaron Lopes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Alison Hayward
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of Comparative MedicineMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Rebecca M. Baron
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Edy Y. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Giovanni Traverso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Division of GastroenterologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
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