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Fang J, Hurley N, Chien CT, Guo A, Khan TA, Li M, Cotlet M, Moretti F, Bourret E, Shifman S, Tsirka SE, Shelly M, Wong SS. Probing the optical properties and toxicological profile of zinc tungstate nanorods. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:234701. [PMID: 38884404 DOI: 10.1063/5.0209935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc tungstate is a semiconductor known for its favorable photocatalytic, photoluminescence, and scintillation properties, coupled with its relatively low cost, reduced toxicity, and high stability in biological and catalytic environments. In particular, zinc tungstate evinces scintillation properties, namely the ability to emit visible light upon absorption of energetic radiation such as x rays, which has led to applications not only as radiation detectors but also for biomedical applications involving the delivery of optical light to deep tissue, such as photodynamic therapy and optogenetics. Here, we report on the synthesis of zinc tungstate nanorods generated via an optimized but facile method, which allows for synthetic control over the aspect ratio of the as-synthesized anisotropic motifs via rational variation of the solution pH. We investigate the effect of aspect ratio on their resulting photoluminescent and radioluminescent properties. We further demonstrate the potential of these zinc tungstate nanorods for biomedical applications, such as photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment, by analyzing their toxicological profile within cell lines and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Fang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5230, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
| | - Chia Te Chien
- Department of Neurobiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5230, USA
| | - Alan Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5230, USA
| | - Tamor A Khan
- Department of Neurobiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5230, USA
| | - Mingxing Li
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 735, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Mircea Cotlet
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 735, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Federico Moretti
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Edith Bourret
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sophie Shifman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8651, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8651, USA
| | - Maya Shelly
- Department of Neurobiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5230, USA
| | - Stanislaus S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA
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Kulinich AV, Ishchenko AA. Design and Photonics of Merocyanine Dyes. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300262. [PMID: 37850545 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Merocyanines, thanks to their easily adjustable electronic structure, appear to be the most versatile and promising functional dyes. Their D-π-A framework offers ample opportunities for custom design through variations in both donor/acceptor end-groups and the π-conjugated polymethine chain, and leads to a broad range of practical properties, including noticeable solvatochromism, high polarizability/hyperpolarizabilities, and the ability to sensitize various physicochemical processes. Accordingly, merocyanines are applied and extensively studied in various fields, such as light-converting materials for optoelectronics, nonlinear optics, optical storage, solar cells, fluorescent probes, and antitumor agents in photodynamic therapy. This review encompasses both classical and novel more important publications on the structure-property relationships in merocyanines, with particular emphasis on the results by A. I. Kiprianov and his followers in Institute of Organic Chemistry in Kyiv, Ukraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii V Kulinich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademika Kukharya St., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander A Ishchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademika Kukharya St., 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Kaur M, Maurizio SL, Mandl GA, Capobianco JA. Achieving photostability in dye-sensitized upconverting nanoparticles and their use in Fenton type photocatalysis. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13583-13594. [PMID: 37552506 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02845c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Dye sensitization is a promising approach to enhance the luminescence of lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles. However, the poor photostability of near-infrared dyes hampers their use in practical applications. To address this, commercial IR820 was modified for improved photostability and covalently bonded to amine-functionalized silica-coated LnUCNPs. Two methods of covalent linking were investigated: linking the dye to the surface of the silica shell, and embedding the dye within the silica shell. The photostability of the dyes when embedded in the silica shell exhibited upconversion emissions from NaGdF4:Er3+,Yb3+/NaGdF4:Yb3+ nanoparticles for over four hours of continuous excitation with no change in intensity. To highlight this improvement, the photostable dye-embedded system was successfully utilized for Fenton-type photocatalysis, emphasizing its potential for practical applications. Overall, this study presents a facile strategy to circumvent the overlooked limitations associated with photodegradation, opening up new possibilities for the use of dye-sensitized lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles in a range of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannu Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Steven L Maurizio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Gabrielle A Mandl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - John A Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W., Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
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Zhang G, Guo M, Ma H, Wang J, Zhang XD. Catalytic nanotechnology of X-ray photodynamics for cancer treatments. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1153-1181. [PMID: 36602259 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been applied in cancer treatment because of its high selectivity, low toxicity, and non-invasiveness. However, the limited penetration depth of the light still hampers from reaching deep-seated tumors. Considering the penetrating ability of high-energy radiotherapy, X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) has evolved as an alternative to overcome tissue blocks. As the basic principle of X-PDT, X-rays stimulate the nanoparticles to emit scintillating or persistent luminescence and further activate the photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which would cause a series of molecular and cellular damages, immune response, and eventually break down the tumor tissue. In recent years, catalytic nanosystems with unique structures and functions have emerged that can enhance X-PDT therapeutic effects via an immune response. The anti-cancer effect of X-PDT is closely related to the following factors: energy conversion efficiency of the material, the radiation dose of X-rays, quantum yield of the material, tumor resistance, and biocompatibility. Based on the latest research in this field and the classical theories of nanoscience, this paper systematically elucidates the current development of the X-PDT and related immunotherapy, and highlights its broad prospects in medical applications, discussing the connection between fundamental science and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Meili Guo
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Huizhen Ma
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Junying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Lin KY, Tsay YG, Chang CA. Effects of polyallylamine-coated nanoparticles on the optical and photochemical properties of rose bengal. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:901-908. [PMID: 35666599 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inasmuch as optical and photochemical properties of a photosensitizer can be modified upon association with the nanoparticle (NP), we wondered whether the effectiveness of phototherapeutic rose bengal (RB) was affected upon tethering to the sodium lanthanide fluoride NP with an outer polyallylamine (PAH) coat. METHODS RB molecules were electrostatically bound to the NaYF 4 :Gd 3+ :Nd 3+ NPs with inner silica and outer PAH coats. The products were analyzed for their size, shape and zeta potential using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering instrument. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrometry and fluorescence spectrometry were used to examine the spectral properties. Photodynamic effect in terms of singlet oxygen generation was quantitatively determined using the indicator 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF). Photocytotoxicity mediated by NP-bound RB was tested using A549 cells (Student's t test was used for statistical evaluation). RESULTS NP-bound RB had the major absorbance peak at 561 nm, in comparison with 549 nm for free RB, accompanied with a significant decrease in absorptivity. The molar extinction coefficient becomes 36 000 M -1 cm -1 , only ~35% of that for free RB. Fluorescence spectral analyses showed a paradoxical decrease in the emission with higher NP concentrations even at very low dilutions. Most importantly, the association of RB with these NPs drastically increased its singlet oxygen production upon irradiation. The interaction of RB with PAH coat could partly account for this enhancement, given our finding that PAH in solution also caused a drastic rise in DPBF reactivity by free RB. These NPs exhibited strong photocytotoxic effects, and their promise in photodynamic therapy was addressed. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that the PAH coat plays a key role in enhanced biological activities of RB delivered via NPs, including the increase in singlet oxygen production and photocytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ying Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yeou-Guang Tsay
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Metabolomics-Proteomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - C Allen Chang
- Metabolomics-Proteomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Biomedical Engineering Research and Development Center (BERDC), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Biophotonics & Molecular Imaging Research Center (BMIRC), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Kurosu M, Mitachi K, Yang J, Pershing EV, Horowitz BD, Wachter EA, Lacey JW, Ji Y, Rodrigues DJ. Antibacterial Activity of Pharmaceutical-Grade Rose Bengal: An Application of a Synthetic Dye in Antibacterial Therapies. Molecules 2022; 27:322. [PMID: 35011554 PMCID: PMC8746496 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Rose bengal has been used in the diagnosis of ophthalmic disorders and liver function, and has been studied for the treatment of solid tumor cancers. To date, the antibacterial activity of rose bengal has been sporadically reported; however, these data have been generated with a commercial grade of rose bengal, which contains major uncontrolled impurities generated by the manufacturing process (80-95% dye content). A high-purity form of rose bengal formulation (HP-RBf, >99.5% dye content) kills a battery of Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains at low concentrations (0.01-3.13 μg/mL) under fluorescent, LED, and natural light in a few minutes. Significantly, HP-RBf effectively eradicates Gram-positive bacterial biofilms. The frequency that Gram-positive bacteria spontaneously developed resistance to HP-RB is extremely low (less than 1 × 10-13). Toxicity data obtained through our research programs indicate that HP-RB is feasible as an anti-infective drug for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) involving multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbial invasion of the skin, and for eradicating biofilms. This article summarizes the antibacterial activity of pharmaceutical-grade rose bengal, HP-RB, against Gram-positive bacteria, its cytotoxicity against skin cells under illumination conditions, and mechanistic insights into rose bengal's bactericidal activity under dark conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Kurosu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Katsuhiko Mitachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Junshu Yang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 205 VSB, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (J.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Edward V. Pershing
- Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 10025 Investment Drive, Suite 250, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA; (E.V.P.); (B.D.H.); (E.A.W.); (J.W.L.III); (D.J.R.)
| | - Bruce D. Horowitz
- Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 10025 Investment Drive, Suite 250, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA; (E.V.P.); (B.D.H.); (E.A.W.); (J.W.L.III); (D.J.R.)
| | - Eric A. Wachter
- Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 10025 Investment Drive, Suite 250, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA; (E.V.P.); (B.D.H.); (E.A.W.); (J.W.L.III); (D.J.R.)
| | - John W. Lacey
- Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 10025 Investment Drive, Suite 250, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA; (E.V.P.); (B.D.H.); (E.A.W.); (J.W.L.III); (D.J.R.)
| | - Yinduo Ji
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 205 VSB, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (J.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Dominic J. Rodrigues
- Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., 10025 Investment Drive, Suite 250, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA; (E.V.P.); (B.D.H.); (E.A.W.); (J.W.L.III); (D.J.R.)
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Effect of Photosensitization Mediated by Curcumin on Carotenoid and Aflatoxin Content in Different Maize Varieties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11135902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain types of fungi that contaminate food and feed, posing serious health risks to human and livestock. This study evaluated the combination of blue light with curcumin to inactivate Aspergillus flavus spores, its effect on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production and maintaining carotenoid content in three maize varieties. The study was first conducted in vitro, and the spore suspensions (104 CFU·mL−1) were treated with four curcumin concentrations (25 and 50 µM in ethanol, 1000 and 1250 µM in propylene glycol) and illuminated at different light doses from 0 to 130.3 J·cm−2. The photoinactivation efficiency was light-dose dependent with the highest photoinactivation of 2.3 log CFU·mL−1 achieved using 1000 µM curcumin at 104.2 J·cm−2. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cell wall deformations as well as less density in photosensitized cells. Photosensitization of maize kernels gave rise to a complete reduction in the viability of A. flavus and therefore inhibition of AFB1 production, while no significant (p > 0.05) effect was observed using either light or curcumin. Moreover, photosensitization did not affect the carotenoids in all the studied maize varieties. The results suggest that photosensitization is a green alternative preservation technique to decontaminate maize kernels and reduce consumer exposure to AFB1 without any effect on carotenoid content.
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