1
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Lasemi N, Liedl G, Rupprechter G. Formation of Periodic Surface Structures by Multipulse Femtosecond Laser Processing of Au-Coated Ni in Various Fluids. ACS APPLIED ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2023; 1:1263-1276. [PMID: 37152716 PMCID: PMC10152447 DOI: 10.1021/acsaenm.3c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Using multipulse linearly polarized femtosecond laser processing of a Au-coated Ni surface in various liquid media created subwavelength self-organized nanoripples. The thin gold film improved the laser absorptivity, decreasing the ripple generation threshold in liquids. High spatial frequency ripples exhibited lower angular deviation than low spatial frequency ones, but in water the deviation was comparable for both types of ripples. The initiation of nanoripples may precede nanoparticle generation, which is why in hexane several cuboid Au particles were trapped between the ripples. Fast cooling processes freeze ejected molten droplets during the phase explosion and surface reorganization. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction of samples processed in butanol showed a small shift toward smaller angles for the Ni phase, indicating a lattice expansion due to higher tensile stress. Confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy detected surface graphitization and amorphization in areas laser-treated in ethanol, butanol, and hexane, with the highest carbonization observed in butanol. Presumably, femtosecond laser-induced photolysis triggers the formation of graphite nanocrystallites, and consecutive pulses cause amorphization. Static contact angle measurements showed a general tendency toward hydrophobicity with highest contact angles for rippled areas created in butanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niusha Lasemi
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität
Wien, 1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Gerhard Liedl
- Institute
of Production Engineering and Photonic Technologies, Technische Universität Wien, 1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität
Wien, 1060 Wien, Austria
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2
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Mehta K, Baruah PK. A comprehensive review and outlook on the experimental techniques to investigate the complex dynamics of pulsed laser ablation in liquid for nanoparticle synthesis. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:091501. [PMID: 36182489 DOI: 10.1063/5.0084803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) has been established as one of the most efficient and impactful methods for producing pure and ligand-free nanoparticles (NPs). PLAL has successfully been utilized for the synthesis of metal NPs, semiconductor NPs, ceramic NPs, and even nanocomposites. A variety of NPs, including core-shell, nanocubes, nanorods, and many other complex structures, can be synthesized using PLAL. The versatility associated with PLAL has led to the synthesis of NPs that have found applications in the field of biomedicine, sensing technology, energy harvesting, and various industries. Despite all the aforementioned advantages, there has been an ambiguity in terms of conditions/parameters for the nanoparticle synthesis as reported by various research groups. This has led to a perception that PLAL provides little or no control over the properties of the synthesized NPs. The properties of the NPs are reliant on transient dynamics caused due to a high-intensity laser's interaction with the target material. To understand the process of nanoparticle synthesis and to control the properties of NPs, it is critical to understand the various processes that occur during PLAL. The investigation of PLAL is essential for understanding the dynamical processes involved. However, the investigation techniques employed to probe PLAL present their own set of difficulties, as high temporal as well as spatial resolution is a prerequisite to probe PLAL. Hence, the purpose of this Review is to understand the dynamical processes of PLAL and gain an insight into the various investigation techniques and their data interpretation. In addition to the current challenges, some ways of overcoming these challenges are also presented. The benefits of concurrent investigations with special emphasis on the simultaneous investigation by multiple techniques are summarized, and furthermore, a few examples are also provided to help the readers understand how the simultaneous investigation works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavil Mehta
- Department of Physics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
| | - Prahlad K Baruah
- Department of Physics, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India
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3
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Huang H, Xu Y, Luo G, Xie Z, Ming W. Molecular Dynamics Study of Laser Interaction with Nanoparticles in Liquids and Its Potential Application. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091524. [PMID: 35564233 PMCID: PMC9105410 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Laser interaction with nanoparticles in liquid is the fundamental theoretical basis for many applications but it is still challenging to observe this nanoscale phenomenon within a few nanoseconds in liquid by experiment. The successful implementation of the two-temperature method integrated with molecular dynamics (TTM-MD) in laser interaction with bulk material has shown great potential in providing a panoramic view of the laser interaction with the nanoparticles. However, the current TTM-MD model has to divide the system into cubic cells, which leads to mistakes near the nanoparticle’s surface. We introduce the latest model, which performs the TTM-MD on each individual cluster instead of the cubic cells, and its high-performance parallel cluster analysis algorithm to update the cluster size. The cluster-based TTM-MD revealed the nanoparticle formation mechanism of laser fragmentation in liquid (LFL) and facilitated the study of laser fluence’s effect on the size distribution. In addition to LFL, this model is promising to be implemented in the laser thermal therapy of tumors, laser melting in liquid (LML), etc. Although cluster-based TTM-MD has proven to be a powerful tool for studying laser interaction with nanoparticles, a few challenges and future developments for the cluster-based TTM-MD, especially the ionization induced by femtosecond, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Huang
- School of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Yingjie Xu
- Henan Key Lab of Intelligent Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Guofu Luo
- Henan Key Lab of Intelligent Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Zhuobin Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment, Guangdong HUST Industrial Technology Research Institute, Dongguan 523808, China;
| | - Wuyi Ming
- Henan Key Lab of Intelligent Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (W.M.)
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4
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Spellauge M, Doñate-Buendía C, Barcikowski S, Gökce B, Huber HP. Comparison of ultrashort pulse ablation of gold in air and water by time-resolved experiments. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:68. [PMID: 35322802 PMCID: PMC8943017 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation in liquids is a highly interdisciplinary method at the intersection of physics and chemistry that offers the unique opportunity to generate surfactant-free and stable nanoparticles from virtually any material. Over the last decades, numerous experimental and computational studies aimed to reveal the transient processes governing laser ablation in liquids. Most experimental studies investigated the involved processes on timescales ranging from nanoseconds to microseconds. However, the ablation dynamics occurring on a sub-nanosecond timescale are of fundamental importance, as the conditions under which nanoparticles are generated are established within this timeframe. Furthermore, experimental investigations of the early timescales are required to test computational predictions. We visualize the complete spatiotemporal picosecond laser-induced ablation dynamics of gold immersed in air and water using ultrafast pump-probe microscopy. Transient reflectivity measurements reveal that the water confinement layer significantly influences the ablation dynamics on the entire investigated timescale from picoseconds to microseconds. The influence of the water confinement layer includes the electron injection and subsequent formation of a dense plasma on a picosecond timescale, the confinement of ablation products within hundreds of picoseconds, and the generation of a cavitation bubble on a nanosecond timescale. Moreover, we are able to locate the temporal appearance of secondary nanoparticles at about 600 ps after pulse impact. The results support computational predictions and provide valuable insight into the early-stage ablation dynamics governing laser ablation in liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Spellauge
- Department of Applied Sciences and Mechatronics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstraße 34, 80335, Munich, Germany
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Carlos Doñate-Buendía
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.
- Materials Science and Additive Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering, University of Wuppertal, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Heinz P Huber
- Department of Applied Sciences and Mechatronics, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Lothstraße 34, 80335, Munich, Germany.
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5
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Wang Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Liu X, Zhou Q. NanoZnO-modified titanium implants for enhanced anti-bacterial activity, osteogenesis and corrosion resistance. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:353. [PMID: 34717648 PMCID: PMC8557588 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) implants are widely used in dentistry and orthopedics owing to their excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties, which have gained increasing attention from the viewpoints of fundamental research and practical applications. Also, numerous studies have been carried out to fine-tune the micro/nanostructures of Ti and/or incorporate chemical elements to improve overall implant performance. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) are well-known for their good antibacterial properties and low cytotoxicity along with their ability to synergize with a variety of substances, which have received increasingly widespread attention as biomodification materials for implants. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on nano-ZnO modified Ti-implants. Their preparation methods of nano-ZnO modified Ti-implants are introduced, followed by a further presentation of the antibacterial, osteogenic, and anti-corrosion properties of these implants. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for nano-ZnO modified Ti-implants are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yingruo Wang
- Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Yanli Zhu
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinqiang Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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6
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Shibuya T, Sakaue K, Ogawa H, Satoh D, Dinh TH, Ishino M, Tanaka M, Washio M, Higashiguchi T, Nishikino M, Kon A, Kubota Y, Inubushi Y, Owada S, Kobayashi Y, Kuroda R. Independent contribution of optical attenuation length in ultrafast laser-induced structural change. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:33121-33133. [PMID: 34809130 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although laser irradiation with femtosecond pulses is known to generate crystallization and morphological changes, the contribution of optical parameters to material changes is still in discussion. Here, we compare two structures irradiated near Si-L2,3 edges by an extreme ultraviolet femtosecond pulse. Our result implies that, despite the femtosecond irradiation regime, these values of the optical attenuation length between the wavelengths of 10.3-nm and 13.5-nm differ by one order of magnitude. From the structural comparison, the original crystalline state was maintained upon irradiation at 13.5-nm, on the other hand, transition to an amorphous state occurred at 10.3-nm. The difference in optical attenuation length directly influence to the decision of material crystallization or morphological changes, even if the irradiation condition is under the femtosecond regime and same pulse duration. Our result reveals the contribution of optical attenuation length in ultrafast laser-induced structural change.
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7
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Kisała J, Gnilitskyi I, Cieniek B, Krzemiński P, Marchewka M, Barylyak A, Bobitski Y. Synthesis of Micro-Spikes and Herringbones Structures by Femtosecond Laser Pulses on a Titanium Plate-A New Material for Water Organic Pollutants Degradation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195556. [PMID: 34639953 PMCID: PMC8509462 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The shrinkage of water resources, as well as the deterioration of its quality as a result of industrial human activities, requires a comprehensive approach relative to its protection. Advanced oxidation processes show high potential for the degradation of organic pollutants in water and wastewater. TiO2 is the most popular photocatalyst because of its oxidizing ability, chemical stability and low cost. The major drawback of using it in powdered form is the difficulty of separation from the reaction mixture. The solution to this problem may be immobilization on a support (glass beads, molecular sieves, etc.). In order to avoid these difficulties, the authors propose to prepare a catalyst as a titanium plate covered with an oxide layer obtained with laser treatment. (2) Methods: In the present work, we generated titanium oxide structures using a cheap and fast method based on femtosecond laser pulses. The structurized plates were tested in the reaction of methylene blue (MB) degradation under UVA irradiation (365 nm). The photocatalytic activity and kinetic properties for the degradation of MB are provided. (3) Results: Studies of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm a titanium oxide layer with laser-induced generated structures that are called “spikes” and “herringbones”. The structurized plates were effective photocatalysts, and their activity depends on the structure of the oxide layer (spike and herringbone). (4) Conclusions: The immobilization of the catalyst on a solid support can be performed in a fast and reproducible manner by using the technique of laser ablation. The layers obtained with this method have been shown to have catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kisała
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (Y.B.)
| | - Iaroslav Gnilitskyi
- Department of Photonics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 1 Sviatoho Yura Sq., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine;
- NoviNano Lab LLC, Paternaka Str. 5, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Bogumił Cieniek
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Krzemiński
- Center for Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Michał Marchewka
- Center for Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Adriana Barylyak
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, Danylo Halitsky Lviv National Medicinal University, Pekarska Str. 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Yaroslav Bobitski
- Department of Photonics, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 1 Sviatoho Yura Sq., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Center for Microelectronics and Nanotechnology, Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (P.K.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (Y.B.)
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8
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Kalus M, Barcikowski S, Gökce B. How the Physicochemical Properties of the Bulk Material Affect the Ablation Crater Profile, Mass Balance, and Bubble Dynamics During Single-Pulse, Nanosecond Laser Ablation in Water. Chemistry 2021; 27:5978-5991. [PMID: 33496348 PMCID: PMC8048872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the key steps that drive the laser-based synthesis of colloids is a prerequisite for learning how to optimize the ablation process in terms of nanoparticle output and functional design of the nanomaterials. Even though many studies focus on cavitation bubble formation using single-pulse ablation conditions, the ablation efficiency and nanoparticle properties are typically investigated under prolonged ablation conditions with repetition rate lasers. Linking single-pulse and multiple-pulse ablation is difficult due to limitations induced by gas formation cross-effects, which occur on longer timescales and depend on the target materials' oxidation-sensitivity. Therefore, this study investigates the ablation and cavitation bubble dynamics under nanosecond, single laser pulse conditions for six different bulk materials (Au, Ag, Cu, Fe, Ti, and Al). Also, the effective threshold fluences, ablation volumes, and penetration depths are quantified for these materials. The thermal and chemical properties of the corresponding bulk materials not only favor the formation of larger spot sizes but also lead to the highest molar ablation efficiencies for low melting materials such as aluminum. Furthermore, the concept of the cavitation bubble growth linked with the oxidation sensitivity of the ablated material is discussed. With this, evidence is provided that intensive chemical reactions occurring during the very early timescale of ablation are significantly enhanced by the bubble collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark‐Robert Kalus
- Technical Chemistry ICenter for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen45141EssenGermany
| | - Stephan Barcikowski
- Technical Chemistry ICenter for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen45141EssenGermany
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Technical Chemistry ICenter for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE)University of Duisburg-Essen45141EssenGermany
- Materials Science and Additive ManufacturingSchool of Mechanical Engineering and Safety EngineeringUniversity of Wuppertal42119WuppertalGermany
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9
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Žemaitis A, Mimidis A, Papadopoulos A, Gečys P, Račiukaitis G, Stratakis E, Gedvilas M. Controlling the wettability of stainless steel from highly-hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic by femtosecond laser-induced ripples and nanospikes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37956-37961. [PMID: 35515197 PMCID: PMC9057189 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05665k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Results on the manipulation of the wetting properties of stainless steel alloy surface by ultrashort pulse laser texturing are presented. The wide range of water droplet contact angles from highly-hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic was achieved by generation of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and nanospikes. In particular, the wetting state was controlled by accumulated laser fluence, which determines the carbon/oxygen content and nano-texture type of the surface after laser treatment. A super-hydrophobic water-repelling surface was generated. The simple, single-step laser processing technology was demonstrated as a promising tool for the large-scale industrial production of self-cleaning stainless steel. Results on the manipulation of the wetting properties of stainless steel alloy surface by ultrashort pulse laser texturing are presented.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrius Žemaitis
- Department of Laser Technologies (LTS), Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC) Savanoriu Ave. 231 02300 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Alexandros Mimidis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton 70013 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Antonis Papadopoulos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton 70013 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Paulius Gečys
- Department of Laser Technologies (LTS), Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC) Savanoriu Ave. 231 02300 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Račiukaitis
- Department of Laser Technologies (LTS), Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC) Savanoriu Ave. 231 02300 Vilnius Lithuania
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL), Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH) N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton 70013 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Mindaugas Gedvilas
- Department of Laser Technologies (LTS), Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC) Savanoriu Ave. 231 02300 Vilnius Lithuania
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10
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Blumenstein A, Garcia ME, Rethfeld B, Simon P, Ihlemann J, Ivanov DS. Formation of Periodic Nanoridge Patterns by Ultrashort Single Pulse UV Laser Irradiation of Gold. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1998. [PMID: 33050420 PMCID: PMC7600624 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A direct comparison of simulation and experimental results of UV laser-induced surface nanostructuring of gold is presented. Theoretical simulations and experiments are performed on an identical spatial scale. The experimental results have been obtained by using a laser wavelength of 248 nm and a pulse length of 1.6 ps. A mask projection setup is applied to generate a spatially periodic intensity profile on a gold surface with a sinusoidal shape and periods of 270 nm, 350 nm, and 500 nm. The formation of structures at the surface upon single pulse irradiation is analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). For the simulations, a hybrid atomistic-continuum model capable of capturing the essential mechanisms responsible for the nanostructuring process is used to model the interaction of the laser pulse with the gold target and the subsequent time evolution of the system. The formation of narrow ridges composed of two colliding side walls is found in the simulation as well as in the experiment and the structures generated as a result of the material processing are categorized depending on the range of applied fluencies and periodicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Blumenstein
- Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
- Physics Department, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Martin E. Garcia
- Physics Department, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany;
| | - Baerbel Rethfeld
- Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Peter Simon
- Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Jürgen Ihlemann
- Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Dmitry S. Ivanov
- Physics Department, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany;
- Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
- Quantum Electronics Division, Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Shih CY, Shugaev MV, Wu C, Zhigilei LV. The effect of pulse duration on nanoparticle generation in pulsed laser ablation in liquids: insights from large-scale atomistic simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7077-7099. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00608d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the laser pulse duration on the nanoparticle generation in laser ablation in liquids is investigated; three mechanisms operating at different stages of the ablation process and in different parts of the cavitation bubble are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Shih
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
- Longterm Concept International Pte Ltd
| | - Maxim V. Shugaev
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | - Chengping Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
| | - Leonid V. Zhigilei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Virginia
- Charlottesville
- USA
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