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Chen H, Kuklin A, Xiao J, Al-Hartomy OA, Al-Ghamdi A, Wageh S, Zhang Y, Ågren H, Gao L, Zhang H. Direct Observation of Photon Induced Giant Band Renormalization in 2D PdSe 2 Dichalcogenide by Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302760. [PMID: 37469206 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Insight into fundamental light-matter interaction as well as underlying photo-physical processes is crucial for the development of novel optoelectronic devices. Palladium diselenide (PdSe2 ), an important representative of emerging 2D noble metal dichalcogenides, has gain considerable attention owing to its unique optical, physical, and chemical properties. In this study, 2D PdSe2 nanosheets (NSs) are prepared using the liquid-phase exfoliation method. A broadband carrier relaxation dynamics from visible to near-infrared bands are revealed using a time-resolved transient absorption spectrometer, giving results that indicate band filling and bandgap renormalization (BGR) effects in the 2D PdSe2 NSs. The observed blue-shift of the transient absorption spectra at the primary stage and the subsequent red-shift can be ascribed to this BGR effect. These findings reveal the many-body character of the 2D TMDs material and may hold keys for applications in the field of optoelectronics and ultrafast photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Chen
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Artem Kuklin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75120, Sweden
| | - Jing Xiao
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Taishan University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Omar A Al-Hartomy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Swelm Wageh
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yule Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75120, Sweden
| | - Lingfeng Gao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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2
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Ji J, Zhou Y, Zhou B, Desgué E, Legagneux P, Jepsen PU, Bøggild P. Probing Carrier Dynamics in Large-Scale MBE-Grown PtSe 2 Films by Terahertz Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37883033 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin platinum diselenide (PtSe2) films are promising for applications in the fields of electronics, spintronics, and photodetectors owing to their tunable electronic structure and high carrier mobility. Using terahertz (THz) spectroscopy techniques, we investigated the layer-dependent semiconducting-to-metallic phase transition and associated intrinsic carrier dynamics in large-scale PtSe2 films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The uniformity of large-scale PtSe2 films was characterized by spatially and frequency-resolved THz-based sheet conductivity mapping. Furthermore, we use an optical-pump-THz-probe technique to study the transport dynamics of photoexcited carriers and explore light-induced intergrain carrier transport in PtSe2 films. We demonstrate large-scale THz-based mapping of the electrical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide films and show that the two noncontact THz-based approaches provide insight in the spatial and temporal properties of PtSe2 films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ji
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Yingqiu Zhou
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Binbin Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Eva Desgué
- Thales Research and Technology, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | | | - Peter Uhd Jepsen
- Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Peter Bøggild
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
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3
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Wu TH, Cheng HY, Lai WC, Sankar R, Chang CS, Lin KH. Ultrafast carrier dynamics and layer-dependent carrier recombination rate in InSe. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3169-3176. [PMID: 36651904 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
InSe layered semiconductors with high mobility have advantages over transition-metal dichalcogenides in certain device applications. Understanding the dynamics of carriers, especially around the major bandgaps, is not only of fundamental interest but also important for improving the performance of devices. We investigated ultrafast carrier dynamics in exfoliated InSe near the bandgap and found that the presence of photocarriers led to shrinkage in the optical bandgap. In addition, we observed that the carrier recombination rate increased when the thickness of the InSe nanoflakes was reduced and the process was dominated by surface recombination. For the same flakes, the recombination rate became lower after the freshly exfoliated InSe was exposed to air and oxidized. Using a free carrier diffusion model, layer-dependent surface recombination velocities were obtained. Our investigation reveals that the surface condition and the thickness of few-layer InSe play important roles in carrier lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan.
| | - Hao-Yu Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan.
- Nano-Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chiao Lai
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan.
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Seng Chang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, Taiwan
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan.
| | - Kung-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115201, Taiwan.
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4
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Huang H, Peng J, Li Z, Dong H, Huang L, Wen M, Wu F. Defect-Induced Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Electron-Hole Recombination Process in PtSe 2 Monolayer. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10988-10993. [PMID: 36404591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Defects are inevitable in two-dimensional materials due to the growth condition, which results in many unexpected changes in materials' properties. Here, we have mainly discussed the nonradiative recombination dynamics of PtSe2 monolayer without/with native point defects. Based on first-principles calculations, a shallow p-type defect state is introduced by a Se antisite, and three n-type defect states with a double-degenerate shallow defect state and a deep defect state are introduced by a Se vacancy. Significantly, these defect states couple strongly to the pristine valence band maximum and lead to the enhancement of the in-plane vibrational Eg mode. Both factors appreciably increase the nonadiabatic coupling, accelerating the electron-hole recombination process. An explanation of PtSe2-based photodetectors with the slow response, compared to conventional devices, is provided by studying this nonradiative transitions process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Huang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Junhao Peng
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Huafeng Dong
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Le Huang
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Minru Wen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
| | - Fugen Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou510006, China
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5
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High output mode-locked laser empowered by defect regulation in 2D Bi2O2Se saturable absorber. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3855. [PMID: 35790761 PMCID: PMC9256711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAtomically thin Bi2O2Se has emerged as a novel two-dimensional (2D) material with an ultrabroadband nonlinear optical response, high carrier mobility and excellent air stability, showing great potential for the realization of optical modulators. Here, we demonstrate a femtosecond solid-state laser at 1.0 µm with Bi2O2Se nanoplates as a saturable absorber (SA). Upon further defect regulation in 2D Bi2O2Se, the average power of the mode-locked laser is improved from 421 mW to 665 mW, while the pulse width is decreased from 587 fs to 266 fs. Moderate Ar+ plasma treatments are employed to precisely regulate the O and Se defect states in Bi2O2Se nanoplates. Nondegenerate pump-probe measurements show that defect engineering effectively accelerates the trapping rate and defect-assisted Auger recombination rate of photocarriers. The saturation intensity is improved from 3.6 ± 0.2 to 12.8 ± 0.6 MW cm−2 after the optimized defect regulation. The enhanced saturable absorption and ultrafast carrier lifetime endow the high-performance mode-locked laser with both large output power and short pulse duration.
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Li D, Zhang W, Suo P, Chen J, Sun K, Zou Y, Ma H, Lin X, Yan X, Zhang S, Li B, Ma G. Ultrafast Dynamics of Defect-Assisted Auger Process in PdSe 2 Films: Synergistic Interaction between Defect Trapping and Auger Effect. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2757-2764. [PMID: 35315678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By using optical pump and terahertz probe spectroscopy, we have investigated the photocarrier dynamics in PdSe2 films with different thicknesses. The experimental results reveal that the photocarrier relaxation consists of two components: a fast component of 2.5 ps that shows the layer-thickness independence and a slow component that has typical lifetime of 7.3 ps decreasing with the layer thickness. Interestingly, the relaxation times for both fast and slow components exhibited both pump fluence and temperature independence, which suggests that synergistic interactions between defect trapping and Auger effect dominate the photocarrier dynamics in PdSe2 films. A model involving a defect-assisted Auger process is proposed, which can reproduce the experimental results well. The fitting results reveal that the layer-dependent lifetime is determined by the defect density rather than carrier occupancy rate after photoexcitation. Our results underscore the interplay between the Auger process and defects in two-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Peng Suo
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kaiwen Sun
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yuqing Zou
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hong Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xian Lin
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaona Yan
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Saifeng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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7
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Pribusová Slušná L, Vojteková T, Hrdá J, Pálková H, Siffalovic P, Sojková M, Végsö K, Hutár P, Dobročka E, Varga M, Hulman M. Optical Characterization of Few-Layer PtSe 2 Nanosheet Films. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35398-35403. [PMID: 34984271 PMCID: PMC8717396 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thin films of transition-metal dichalcogenides are potential materials for optoelectronic applications. However, the application of these materials in practice requires knowledge of their fundamental optical properties. Many existing methods determine optical constants using predefined models. Here, a different approach was used. We determine the sheet conductance and absorption coefficient of few-layer PtSe2 in the infrared and UV-vis ranges without recourse to any particular model for the optical constants. PtSe2 samples with a thickness of about 3-4 layers were prepared by selenization of 0.5 nm thick platinum films on sapphire substrates at different temperatures. Differential reflectance was extracted from transmittance and reflectance measurements from the front and back of the sample. The film thickness, limited to a few atomic layers, allowed a thin-film approximation to calculate the optical conductance and absorption coefficient. The former has a very different energy dependence in the infrared, near-infrared, and visible ranges. The absorption coefficient exhibits a strong power-law dependence on energy with an exponent larger than three in the mid-infrared and near-infrared regions. We have not observed any evidence for a band gap in PtSe2 thin layers down to an energy of 0.4 eV from our optical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Pribusová Slušná
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Vojteková
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Hrdá
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Helena Pálková
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of
Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84536 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Siffalovic
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre
for Advanced Materials Application, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Sojková
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Végsö
- Institute
of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Hutár
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Edmund Dobročka
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marián Varga
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Hulman
- Institute
of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
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8
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Bae S, Nah S, Lee D, Sajjad M, Singh N, Kang KM, Kim S, Kim GJ, Kim J, Baik H, Lee K, Sim S. Exciton-Dominated Ultrafast Optical Response in Atomically Thin PtSe 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2103400. [PMID: 34569143 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strongly bound excitons are a characteristic hallmark of 2D semiconductors, enabling unique light-matter interactions and novel optical applications. Platinum diselenide (PtSe2 ) is an emerging 2D material with outstanding optical and electrical properties and excellent air stability. Bulk PtSe2 is a semimetal, but its atomically thin form shows a semiconducting phase with the appearance of a band-gap, making one expect strongly bound 2D excitons. However, the excitons in PtSe2 have been barely studied, either experimentally or theoretically. Here, the authors directly observe and theoretically confirm excitons and their ultrafast dynamics in mono-, bi-, and tri-layer PtSe2 single crystals. Steady-state optical microscopy reveals exciton absorption resonances and their thickness dependence, confirmed by first-principles calculations. Ultrafast transient absorption microscopy finds that the exciton dominates the transient broadband response, resulting from strong exciton bleaching and renormalized band-gap-induced exciton shifting. The overall transient spectrum redshifts with increasing thickness as the shrinking band-gap redshifts the exciton resonance. This study provides novel insights into exciton photophysics in platinum dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongkwang Bae
- Division of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, South Korea
| | - Sanghee Nah
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Doeon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nirpendra Singh
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Catalysis and Separation (CeCaS), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ku Min Kang
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, South Korea
- BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, South Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Electro-Medical Device Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, South Korea
| | - Geun-Ju Kim
- Electro-Medical Device Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, South Korea
| | - Jaekyun Kim
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, South Korea
- BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, South Korea
| | - Hionsuck Baik
- Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyusang Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Sangwan Sim
- Division of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi, 15588, South Korea
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Cao B, Ye Z, Yang L, Gou L, Wang Z. Recent progress in Van der Waals 2D PtSe 2. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:412001. [PMID: 34157685 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac0d7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a new member in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) family, platinum diselenium (PtSe2) has many excellent properties, such as the layer-dependent band gap, high carrier mobility, high photoelectrical coupling, broadband response, etc, thus it shows good promising application in room temperature photodetectors, broadband photodetectors, transistors and other fields. Furthermore, compared with other TMDCs, PtSe2is chemical inert in ambient, showing nano-devices potential with higher performance and stability. However, up to now, the synthesis and its device applications are in its early stage. This review systematically summarized the state of the art of PtSe2from its structure, property, synthesis and potential application. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives are outlined for the applications of 2D PtSe2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banglin Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu-610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zimeng Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu-610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu-610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu-610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zegao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu-610065, People's Republic of China
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