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Adams F. Merging σ-Bond Metathesis with Polymerization Catalysis: Insights into Rare-Earth Metal Complexes, End-Group Functionalization, and Application Prospects. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400122. [PMID: 38831565 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Polymers with well-defined structures, synthesized through metal-catalyzed processes, and having end groups exhibiting different polarity and reactivity than the backbone, are gaining considerable attention in both scientific and industrial communities. These polymers show potential applications as fundamental building blocks and additives in the creation of innovative functional materials. Investigations are directed toward identifying the most optimal and uncomplicated synthetic approach by employing a combination of living coordination polymerization mediated by rare-earth metal complexes and C-H bond activation reaction by σ-bond metathesis. This combination directly yields catalysts with diverse functional groups from a single precursor, enabling the production of terminal-functionalized polymers without the need for sequential reactions, such as termination reactions. The utilization of this innovative methodology allows for precise control over end-group functionalities, providing a versatile approach to tailor the properties and applications of the resulting polymers. This perspective discusses the principles, challenges, and potential advancements associated with this synthetic strategy, highlighting its significance in advancing the interface of metalorganic chemistry, polymer chemistry, and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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2
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Jiang H, Li Z, Dai Y, Ling Y, Mei S, Wang H, Mou Z. Synthesis of Poly(δ-caprolactone) via Bis(phenolate) Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Mediated Ring-Opening Polymerization and Its Chemical Recycling. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:441-450. [PMID: 38149999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
New amine-amino-bis(phenolate) ligands (H2LtBu and H2LCl) with a cyclic tertiary amine (pyrrolidine) as a side arm and tBu or Cl group on the phenolate ring have been prepared. The alkane elimination reaction between these free ligands and rare-earth tris(alkyl)s Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 afforded the corresponding silylalkyl complexes LtBuLnCH2SiMe3(THF) (Ln = Y (1), Lu (2)) and LClYCH2SiMe3(THF) (3), where the solid-state structure of complex 1 was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. These rare-earth metal complexes have been utilized as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of biobased δ-caprolactone (δCL), either in the absence or presence of alcohols, to give poly(δ-caprolactone) (PδCL) with controlled molecular weight and narrow distribution (Đ < 1.2). The polymerization kinetics of δCL in toluene with yttrium complexes 1 and 3 were investigated. Oligomers prepared with complex 3 alone and the 3/PhCHMeOH binary catalyst system were well characterized with 1H NMR spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS). Moreover, chemical recycling of the resultant PδCL was achieved with high yield in a solution at ambient temperature (>92%) or in bulk at 130 °C (>82%) by using commercial KOtBu as a promotor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yanan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yidong Ling
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shiqing Mei
- School of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118 China
| | - Zehuai Mou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Westlie AH, Hesse SA, Tang X, Quinn EC, Parker CR, Takacs CJ, Tassone CJ, Chen EYX. All-Polyhydroxyalkanoate Triblock Copolymers via a Stereoselective-Chemocatalytic Route. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:619-625. [PMID: 37094112 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) homopolymers and statistical copolymers are ubiquitous in microbially produced PHAs, but the step-growth polycondensation mechanism the biosynthesis operates on presents a challenge to access well-defined block copolymers (BCPs), especially higher-order tri-BCP PHAs. Here we report a stereoselective-chemocatalytic route to produce discrete hard-soft-hard ABA all-PHA tri-BCPs based on the living chain-growth ring-opening polymerization of racemic (rac) 8-membered diolides (rac-8DLR; R denotes the two substituents on the ring). Depending on the composition of the soft B block, originated from rac-8DLR (R = Et, nBu), and its ratio to the semicrystalline, high-melting hard A block, derived from rac-8DLMe, the resulting all-PHA tri-BCPs with high molar mass (Mn up to 238 kg mol-1) and low dispersity (Đ = 1.07) exhibit tunable mechanical properties characteristic of a strong and tough thermoplastic, elastomer, or a semicrystalline thermoplastic elastomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Westlie
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Sarah A Hesse
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Celine R Parker
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Christopher J Takacs
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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Westlie AH, Quinn EC, Parker CR, Chen EYX. Synthetic biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): Recent advances and future challenges. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Oliveira-Filho ER, de Macedo MA, Lemos ACC, Adams F, Merkel OM, Taciro MK, Gomez JGC, Silva LF. Engineering Burkholderia sacchari to enhance poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-3HHx)] production from xylose and hexanoate. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 213:902-914. [PMID: 35690163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia sacchari LFM101 LMG19450T is a Brazilian bacterium isolated from sugarcane crops soil and a promising biotechnological platform for bioprocesses. It is an efficient producer of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) from carbohydrates including xylose. In the present work, the expression of B. sacchari xylose consumption genes (xylA, xylB and tktA) was combined with the expression of Aeromonas sp. phaC (PHA synthase), aiming to increase both the growth rates in xylose and the 3-hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx) molar fractions in the produced PHA. Genes were cloned into pBBR1MCS-2 vectors and then expressed in the B. sacchari PHA- mutant LFM344. Maximum specific growth rates on xylose and PHA accumulation capacity of all recombinants were evaluated. In bioreactor experiments, up to 55.5 % CDW was accumulated as copolymer, hexanoate conversion to 3HHx raised from 2 % to 54 % of the maximum theoretical value, compared to wild type. 3HHx mol% ranged from 8 to 35, and molecular weights were between 111 and 220 kg/mol. Thermal analysis measurement showed a decrease in Tg and Tm values with higher 3HHx fraction, indicating improved thermomechanical characteristics. Recombinants construction and bioreactor strategies allowed the production of P(3HB-co-3HHx) with controlled monomeric composition from xylose and hexanoate, allowing its application in diverse fields, including the medical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmar R Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Matheus A de Macedo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline C C Lemos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Friederike Adams
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81337 Munich, Germany
| | - Marilda K Taciro
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Gregório C Gomez
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiziana F Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kränzlein M, Pongratz S, Bruckmoser J, Bratić B, Breitsameter JM, Rieger B. Polyester synthesis based on 3-carene as renewable feedstock. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Utilizing renewable feedstocks for the synthesis of biobased and preferrable biodegradable polyesters as substitute for fossile-based polymers remains one of the major challenges towards a sustainable polymer economy. One such...
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Kränzlein M, Pehl TM, Adams F, Rieger B. Uniting Group-Transfer and Ring-Opening Polymerization─Block Copolymers from Functional Michael-Type Monomers and Lactones. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Pehl
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Friederike Adams
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Schaffer A, Kränzlein M, Rieger B. Precise Synthesis of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Copolymers through C–H Bond-Activated Macroinitiators via Yttrium-Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization and Ring-Opening Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schaffer
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching near, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Moritz Kränzlein
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching near, Munich 85748, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching near, Munich 85748, Germany
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