Regioselective convergent synthesis of 2-arylidene thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines as potential anti-chikungunya agents

Unveiling the antibacterial efficacy of thiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidine: Synthesis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation

Two series of C-Mannich base derivatives were synthesized and evaluated through the reaction of formaldehyde, two thiazolo-pyrimidine compounds, and various 2°-amines. The chemical structures and inherent properties of the synthesized compounds were authenticated using a variety of spectroscopic techniques. The aseptic bactericidal potential of the compounds was assessed alongside five common bacterial microbes, with Ampicillin employed as the reference drug. Compounds 9b and 9d demonstrated comparable antibacterial activity to ampicillin against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium, respectively, at 100 μg/mL. Furthermore, compounds 9f and 10f exhibited noteworthy action against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 250 μg/mL). Compounds 10b and 10f displayed excellent efficacy versus Escherichia coli, boasting (MIC: 50 μg/mL). Molecular docking studies elucidated the necessary connections and energies of molecular entities with the E. coli DNA gyrase B enzyme, a pivotal target in bacterial DNA replication. Further thermodynamic stability of the ligand-receptor complex of 10b and 10f were further validated though 200 ns molecular dynamics simulation. The findings highlight the potential of these synthesized derivatives as effective antibacterial agents and provide valuable insights into their mechanism of action.

Antivirals against the Chikungunya Virus

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that has re-emerged in recent decades, causing large-scale epidemics in many parts of the world. CHIKV infection leads to a febrile disease known as chikungunya fever (CHIKF), which is characterised by severe joint pain and myalgia. As many patients develop a painful chronic stage and neither antiviral drugs nor vaccines are available, the development of a potent CHIKV inhibiting drug is crucial for CHIKF treatment. A comprehensive summary of current antiviral research and development of small-molecule inhibitor against CHIKV is presented in this review. We highlight different approaches used for the identification of such compounds and further discuss the identification and application of promising viral and host targets.

Nitrogen-Based Heterocyclic Compounds: A Promising Class of Antiviral Agents against Chikungunya Virus

Arboviruses, in general, are a global threat due to their morbidity and mortality, which results in an important social and economic impact. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), one of the most relevant arbovirus currently known, is a re-emergent virus that causes a disease named chikungunya fever, characterized by a severe arthralgia (joint pains) that can persist for several months or years in some individuals. Until now, no vaccine or specific antiviral drug is commercially available. Nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds are found in medications, such as aristeromycin, favipiravir, fluorouracil, 6-azauridine, thioguanine, pyrimethamine, among others. New families of natural and synthetic nitrogen analogous compounds are reported to have significant anti-CHIKV effects. In the present work, we focus on these nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds as an important class with CHIKV antiviral activity. We summarize the present understanding on this class of compounds against CHIKV and also present their possible mechanism of action.