1
|
Morris G, Goodman S, Sorzabal Bellido I, Milanese C, Girella A, Pallavicini P, Taglietti A, Gaboardi M, Jäckel F, Diaz Fernandez YA, Raval R. Temperature and pH Stimuli-Responsive System Delivers Location-Specific Antimicrobial Activity with Natural Products. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:131-143. [PMID: 38079569 PMCID: PMC10792665 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Smart materials with controlled stimuli-responsive functions are at the forefront of technological development. In this work, we present a generic strategy that combines simple components, physicochemical responses, and easy fabrication methods to achieve a dual stimuli-responsive system capable of location-specific antimicrobial cargo delivery. The encapsulated system is fabricated by combining a biocompatible inert polymeric matrix of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and a bioactive cargo of saturated fatty acids. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach to deliver antimicrobial activity for the model bacteria Escherichia coli. The system responds to two control variables, temperature and pH, delivering two levels of antimicrobial response under distinct combinations of stimuli: one response toward the planktonic media and another response directly at the surface for sessile bacteria. Spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy alongside thermal and structural material analysis reveals that the system not only exhibits ON/OFF states but can also control relocation and targeting of the active cargo toward either the surface or the liquid media, leading to different ON/OFF states for the planktonic and sessile bacteria. The approach proposed herein is technologically simple and scalable, facing low regulatory barriers within the food and healthcare sectors by using approved components and relying on fundamental chemical processes. Our results also provide a proof-of-concept platform for the design and easy fabrication of delivery systems capable of operating as Boolean logic gates, delivering different responses under different environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Morris
- Open
Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Surface Science Research
Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
- Department
of Physics and Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, U.K.
| | - Sean Goodman
- Open
Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Surface Science Research
Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
| | - Ioritz Sorzabal Bellido
- Open
Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Surface Science Research
Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Girella
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Taglietti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Mattia Gaboardi
- Materials
Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Donostia - San Sebastian 20018, Spain
| | - Frank Jäckel
- Department
of Physics and Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, U.K.
| | - Yuri A. Diaz Fernandez
- Open
Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Surface Science Research
Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Rasmita Raval
- Open
Innovation Hub for Antimicrobial Surfaces, Surface Science Research
Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Masood S, Arshad MS, Khan HMS, Begum MY, Khan KUR. Encapsulation of Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Khip) Extract in Carbomer Based Emulgel for Its Enhanced Antioxidant Effects and Its In Vitro Evaluation. Gels 2023; 9:977. [PMID: 38131963 PMCID: PMC10743248 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of natural products in skin care has been valued for their tremendous therapeutic benefits since ancient times. The current study was aimed at exploring the Leptadenia pyrotechnica plant extract and development of a stable emulgel loaded with the same extract to assess its cosmeceutical potentials. METHODOLOGY A stable emulgel loaded with methanolic plant extract along with its control gel was prepared by homogenization. The antioxidant potential of extracts prepared in different solvents (methanol MLP, ethanol ELP, n-hexane nLP, ethyl acetate EALP, and petroleum ether PLP) was determined by DPPH scavenging activity. The presence of phytochemicals was confirmed by total phenolic and flavonoid content analysis (TPC/TFC). HPLC was used for quantification of bioactive components. FTIR analysis was performed for confirmation of functional groups. SPF was calculated via spectroscopic analysis for extract, control gel, and extract loaded emulgel. Stability studies included physical evaluation, pH, conductivity, spreadability, and rheological testing of both control and test emulgels at different temperatures, i.e., 8 °C ± 1, 25 °C ± 1, 40 °C ± 1, 40 °C ± 1 with RH of 75% for a period of 90 days. RESULTS DPPH radical scavenging activity showed the highest antioxidant activity of 85.5% ± 2.78 for MLP. TPC and TFC were also found to be highest for the methanolic fraction, i.e., 190.98 ± 0.40 mgGAE/g and 128.28 ± 2.64 mgQE/g, respectively. The SPF of methanolic extract, placebo gel, and LPEG was 13.43 ± 0.46, 2.37 ± 0.33, and 7.28 ± 0.56, respectively. HPLC assay confirmed the presence of catechin, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, and sinapinic acid. Rheological analysis showed that formulation has pseudo-plastic flow behavior. Other stability tests also revealed that prepared emulgel is a stable one. CONCLUSION A stable emulgel loaded with Leptadenia pyrotechnica plant extract was successfully prepared and characterized for its cosmetic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Masood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakriya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.M.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Muhammad Sohail Arshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakriya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.M.); (M.S.A.)
| | - Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - M. Yasmin Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif ur Rehman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dourado D, Batista FPR, Philadelpho BO, de Souza ML, de Cerqueira e Silva MB, de Grandis RA, Miranda PA, Colauto NB, Pereira DT, Formiga FR, Cilli EM, Pavan FR, Oliveira de Souza C, Ferreira EDS. Resveratrol-Loaded Attalea funifera Oil Organogel Nanoparticles: A Potential Nanocarrier against A375 Human Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12112. [PMID: 37569487 PMCID: PMC10419039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate Attalea funifera seed oil with or without resveratrol entrapped in organogel nanoparticles in vitro against A375 human melanoma tumor cells. Organogel nanoparticles with seed oil (SON) or with resveratrol entrapped in the seed oil (RSON) formed functional organogel nanoparticles that showed a particle size <100 nm, polydispersity index <0.3, negative zeta potential, and maintenance of electrical conductivity. The resveratrol entrapment efficiency in RSON was 99 ± 1%. The seed oil and SON showed no cytotoxicity against human non-tumor cells or tumor cells. Resveratrol at 50 μg/mL was cytotoxic for non-tumor cells, and was cytotoxic for tumor cells at 25 μg/mL. Resveratrol entrapped in RSON showed a decrease in cytotoxicity against non-tumor cells and cytotoxic against tumor cells at 50 μg/mL. Thus, SON is a potential new platform for the delivery of resveratrol with selective cytotoxic activity in the treatment of melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Dourado
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria Street, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil;
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Fabiana Pacheco Reis Batista
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil; (F.P.R.B.); (B.O.P.); (P.A.M.); (N.B.C.); (C.O.d.S.)
| | - Biane Oliveira Philadelpho
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil; (F.P.R.B.); (B.O.P.); (P.A.M.); (N.B.C.); (C.O.d.S.)
| | - Myla Lôbo de Souza
- College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Professor Artur de Sá Street, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil;
| | | | - Rone Aparecido de Grandis
- School of Pharmacy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-Jaú Road, Araraquara 148000-903, SP, Brazil; (R.A.d.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Priscila Anjos Miranda
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil; (F.P.R.B.); (B.O.P.); (P.A.M.); (N.B.C.); (C.O.d.S.)
| | - Nelson Barros Colauto
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil; (F.P.R.B.); (B.O.P.); (P.A.M.); (N.B.C.); (C.O.d.S.)
| | - Daniel T. Pereira
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), General Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria Street, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil;
| | - Fabio Rocha Formiga
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Francisco Swgni Street, Araraquara 14800-0600, SP, Brazil;
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmacy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara-Jaú Road, Araraquara 148000-903, SP, Brazil; (R.A.d.G.); (F.R.P.)
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil; (F.P.R.B.); (B.O.P.); (P.A.M.); (N.B.C.); (C.O.d.S.)
| | - Ederlan de Souza Ferreira
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador 40170-115, BA, Brazil; (F.P.R.B.); (B.O.P.); (P.A.M.); (N.B.C.); (C.O.d.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dong X, Yang C, Zhang R, Tao S, Han W, Wang Y, Xie Q, Chen J, Li X. Occurrence, exposure and risk assessment of semi-volatile organic compounds in Chinese homes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119550. [PMID: 35636718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoor semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) can have a significant impact on human health. Previous studies involved the detection of limited classes of indoor SVOCs in different regions of China. However, overall indoor pollution profiles and the associated health risks via multiple exposure pathways remain unclear. High-throughput screening of SVOCs would help clarify the overall indoor pollution status and identify high-risk pollutants. We collected indoor air and dust samples from 35 Chinese homes and investigated the occurrence of a wide range of SVOCs. Ninety-seven SVOCs including phthalate esters (PAEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organophosphate esters, alcohols, fatty acids, phenols, etc., were detected in the air (total concentrations: 0.13-48 μg/m3; median: 3.4 μg/m3) and dust (total concentrations: 120-1500 μg/g; median: 490 μg/g) samples. PAEs were the most abundant, accounting for 55.3 ± 28.6% and 43.4 ± 16.9% of the total SVOC concentrations in the air and dust samples respectively. Human exposure and health risks of 34 SVOCs with detection frequencies >10% were assessed based on inhalation, ingestion and dermal absorption of SVOCs from air and dust by infants and adults. In the case of indoor SVOCs with log Koa < 9, inhalation and dermal contact with air was >90% for adults and >69% for infants. The following five SVOCs in air samples posed significant non-carcinogenic risks and are listed based on their decreasing risk level: dibutyl phthalate > phenanthrene > stearic acid > methyl palmitate > lauryl alcohol. Four PAHs with 2-4 rings posed potential carcinogenic risks, with phenanthrene exceeding the acceptable risk level of 10-4. The high risks posed by SVOCs were due to inhalation exposure. Therefore, keeping the air concentrations of SVOCs, especially that of PAEs and PAHs under check would greatly benefit human health in indoor environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianbao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Siru Tao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wenjing Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
CO2-switchable oil-in-dispersion emulsions stabilized by tertiary amine surfactant and alumina particles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Mosquera Narvaez LE, Ferreira LMDMC, Sanches S, Alesa Gyles D, Silva-Júnior JOC, Ribeiro Costa RM. A Review of Potential Use of Amazonian Oils in the Synthesis of Organogels for Cosmetic Application. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092733. [PMID: 35566084 PMCID: PMC9100349 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
New strategies for the delivery of bioactives in the deeper layers of the skin have been studied in recent years, using mainly natural ingredients. Among the strategies are organogels as a promising tool to load bioactives with different physicochemical characteristics, using vegetable oils. Studies have shown satisfactory skin permeation, good physicochemical stability mainly due to its three-dimensional structure, and controlled release using vegetable oils and low-molecular-weight organogelators. Within the universe of natural ingredients, vegetable oils, especially those from the Amazon, have a series of benefits and characteristics that make them unique compared to conventional oils. Several studies have shown that the use of Amazonian oils brings a series of benefits to the skin, among which are an emollient, moisturizing, and nourishing effect. This work shows a compilation of the main Amazonian oils and their nutraceutical and physicochemical characteristics together with the minority polar components, related to health benefits, and their possible effects on the synthesis of organogels for cosmetic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Eduardo Mosquera Narvaez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.E.M.N.); (L.M.d.M.C.F.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Suellen Sanches
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.E.M.N.); (L.M.d.M.C.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Desireé Alesa Gyles
- Jamaica College of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Technology, 237 Old Hope Road, Kinston 6, Jamaica;
| | | | - Roseane Maria Ribeiro Costa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Brazil; (L.E.M.N.); (L.M.d.M.C.F.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7203
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li W, Huang D, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Li F, Huang Q, Li D. Preparation of pickering emulsion stabilised by Zein/Grape seed proanthocyanidins binary composite. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes Taian271018P.R. China
| | - Dongjie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes Taian271018P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes Taian271018P.R. China
| | - Yuqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes Taian271018P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes Taian271018P.R. China
| | - Qingrong Huang
- Department of Food Science Rutgers The State University of New Jersey 65 Dudley Road New Brunswick NJ08901USA
| | - Dapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes Taian271018P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Santos JAA, da Silva JW, dos Santos SM, Rodrigues MDF, Silva CJA, da Silva MV, Correia MTS, Albuquerque JFC, Melo CML, Silva TG, Martins RD, Aguiar Júnior FCA, Ximenes RM. In Vitro and In Vivo Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Babassu Oil ( Attalea speciosa Mart. Ex Spreng., Arecaceae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:8858291. [PMID: 33029179 PMCID: PMC7532363 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8858291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Babassu (Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng., Arecaceae) is a palm tree endemic to Brazil and found mainly in the borders of Amazon forest, where the harvesting of its fruits is an important source of income for more than 300,000 people. Among the communities of coconut breakers women, babassu oil is used in culinary, as fuel, and mostly as medicinal oil for the treatment of skin wounds and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the wound healing effects of babassu oil. In vitro, babassu oil increased the migration of L929 fibroblasts, inhibited the production of nitric oxide by LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, and increased the levels of INF-γ and IL-6 cytokines production. In vivo, babassu oil accelerated the healing process in a full-thickness splinted wound model, by an increase in the fibroblasts number, blood vessels, and collagen deposition in the wounds. The babassu oil also increased the recruitment of inflammatory cells into the wound site and showed an anti-inflammatory effect in a chronic ear edema model, reducing ear thickness, epidermal hyperplasia, and myeloperoxidase activity. Thus, these data corroborate the use of babassu oil in folk medicine as a remedy to treat skin wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Alex A. Santos
- Departamento de Enfermagem, Instituto Federal de Pernambuco, Abreu e Lima 53.515-120, Brazil
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.740-525, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Camila Joyce A. Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.740-525, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristiane M. L. Melo
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.740-525, Brazil
| | - Teresinha G. Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.740-525, Brazil
| | - René D. Martins
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão 55.608-680, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael M. Ximenes
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50.740-525, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|