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Krumins E, Crawford LA, Rogers DM, Machado F, Taresco V, East M, Irving SH, Fowler HR, Jiang L, Starr N, Parmenter CDJ, Kortsen K, Cuzzucoli Crucitti V, Avery SV, Tuck CJ, Howdle SM. A facile one step route that introduces functionality to polymer powders for laser sintering. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3137. [PMID: 38605004 PMCID: PMC11009337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Laser Sintering (LS) is a type of Additive Manufacturing (AM) exploiting laser processing of polymeric particles to produce 3D objects. Because of its ease of processability and thermo-physical properties, polyamide-12 (PA-12) represents ~95% of the polymeric materials used in LS. This constrains the functionality of the items produced, including limited available colours. Moreover, PA-12 objects tend to biofoul in wet environments. Therefore, a key challenge is to develop an inexpensive route to introduce desirable functionality to PA-12. We report a facile, clean, and scalable approach to modification of PA-12, exploiting supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and free radical polymerizations to yield functionalised PA-12 materials. These can be easily printed using commercial apparatus. We demonstrate the potential by creating coloured PA-12 materials and show that the same approach can be utilized to create anti-biofouling objects. Our approach to functionalise materials could open significant new applications for AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduards Krumins
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Liam A Crawford
- Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - David M Rogers
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Fabricio Machado
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark East
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, 522 Derby Rd, Lenton, Nottingham, NG7 2GX, UK
| | - Samuel H Irving
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Harriet R Fowler
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Long Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nichola Starr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Christopher D J Parmenter
- Nottingham Nanoscale and Microscale Research Centre, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kristoffer Kortsen
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Valentina Cuzzucoli Crucitti
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, 522 Derby Rd, Lenton, Nottingham, NG7 2GX, UK
| | - Simon V Avery
- Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher J Tuck
- Centre of Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, 522 Derby Rd, Lenton, Nottingham, NG7 2GX, UK
| | - Steven M Howdle
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
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Kortsen K, Fowler HR, Jacob PL, Krumins E, Lentz JC, Souhil MR, Taresco V, Howdle SM. Exploiting the tuneable density of scCO2 to improve particle size control for dispersion polymerisations in the presence of poly(dimethyl siloxane) stabilisers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Koyama T, Shimizu A, Matsuoka SI, Suzuki M. Lewis Pair RAFT Polymerization of Methacrylates on-Water: Evidence of Radical Propagation Mechanism. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Koyama
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimizu
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
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Zhang S, Wang S, Bian Y, Xue M, Guo S, Wu W. Precipitation copolymerization of methyl methacrylate/meth‐acrylate acid in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoucun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
| | - Shengyan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
| | - Yujing Bian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
| | - Min Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
| | - Shengwei Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
| | - Wenli Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Manufacturing Technology North Minzu University Yinchuan P. R. China
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