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Zubkov MO, Dilman AD. Radical reactions enabled by polyfluoroaryl fragments: photocatalysis and beyond. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4741-4785. [PMID: 38536104 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyfluoroarenes have been known for a long time, but they are most often used as fluorinated building blocks for the synthesis of aromatic compounds. At the same time, due to peculiar fluorine effect, they have unique properties that provide applications in various fields ranging from synthesis to materials science. This review summarizes advances in the radical chemistry of polyfluoroarenes, which have become possible mainly with the advent of photocatalysis. Transformations of the fluorinated ring via the C-F bond activation, as well as use of fluoroaryl fragments as activating groups and hydrogen atom transfer agents are discussed. The ability of fluoroarenes to serve as catalysts is also considred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Zubkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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2
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Steiner MR, Schmallegger M, Donner L, Hlina JA, Marschner C, Baumgartner J, Slugovc C. Using the phospha-Michael reaction for making phosphonium phenolate zwitterions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:41-51. [PMID: 38230356 PMCID: PMC10790659 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The reactions of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(diphenylphosphino)phenol and various Michael acceptors (acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methyl vinyl ketone, several acrylates, methyl vinyl sulfone) yield the respective phosphonium phenolate zwitterions at room temperature. Nine different zwitterions were synthesized and fully characterized. Zwitterions with the poor Michael acceptors methyl methacrylate and methyl crotonate formed, but could not be isolated in pure form. The solid-state structures of two phosphonium phenolate molecules were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The bonding situation in the solid state together with NMR data suggests an important contribution of an ylidic resonance structure in these molecules. The phosphonium phenolates are characterized by UV-vis absorptions peaking around 360 nm and exhibit a negative solvatochromism. An analysis of the kinetics of the zwitterion formation was performed for three Michael acceptors (acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, and acrylamide) in two different solvents (chloroform and methanol). The results revealed the proton transfer step necessary to stabilize the initially formed carbanion as the rate-determining step. A preorganization of the carbonyl bearing Michael acceptors allowed for reasonable fast direct proton transfer from the phenol in aprotic solvents. In contrast, acrylonitrile, not capable of forming a similar preorganization, is hardly reactive in chloroform solution, while in methanol the corresponding phosphonium phenolate is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias R Steiner
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Max Schmallegger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Larissa Donner
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johann A Hlina
- Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Organocatalysis in Polymerization, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Toda Y, Kobayashi T, Hirai F, Yano T, Oikawa M, Sukegawa K, Shimizu M, Ito F, Suga H. Visible-Light-Driven C-H Imidation of Arenes and Heteroarenes by a Phosphonium Ylide Organophotoredox Catalyst: Application to C-H Functionalization of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonium ylide catalysis through an oxidative quenching cycle has been developed for visible-light-driven C-H imidation of arenes and heteroarenes. The present protocol could be applied not only to trihalomethylative lactonization reactions involving trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, and tribromomethyl radicals but also to the first example of an organophotoredox-catalyzed imidative lactonization reaction involving a nitrogen-centered electrophilic radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Toda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Toya Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Fumiya Hirai
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Takamichi Yano
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Makoto Oikawa
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Kimiya Sukegawa
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shimizu
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Education, Shinshu University, Nagano 380-8544, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suga
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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Escot L, González-Granda S, Gotor-Fernández V, Lavandera I. Combination of gold and redox enzyme catalysis to access valuable enantioenriched aliphatic β-chlorohydrins. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9650-9658. [PMID: 36413183 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of enantioenriched β-chlorohydrins is highly appealing due to their relevance as building-blocks in organic synthesis. However, the approximation to aliphatic derivatives is particularly challenging due to the difficulties to get access to the α-chloroketone precursors. Herein, we propose a straightforward and scalable approach combining in a concurrent manner gold(I) and redox enzyme catalysis through a hydration-bioreduction cascade. A total of nine aliphatic β-chlorohydrins bearing different functional groups were obtained with very high yields (63-88%) and stereoselectivities (>99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Escot
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Sergio González-Granda
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Iván Lavandera
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Ikeshita D, Shimura H, Miyakawa S, Masuda Y, Ishida N, Murakami M. Synthesis of Tetraarylphosphonium Salts from Triarylphosphines and Aryl Bromides Exploiting Light and Palladium. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Ikeshita
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Sho Miyakawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Yusuke Masuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Naoki Ishida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510
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Wang M, He YQ, Zhu Y, Song ZB, Wang XY, Huang HY, Cao BP, Tian WF, Xiao Q. The wavelength-regulated stereodivergent synthesis of ( Z)- and ( E)-1,4-enediones from phosphonium ylides. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The wavelength-regulated, photoredox-catalyzed stereodivergent synthesis of (Z)- and (E)-1,4-enediones from phosphonium ylides is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Qin He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Bin Song
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Ban-Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Fa Tian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, P.R. China
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