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Han C, Ma J, Ai X, Shi F, Zhang C, Hu D, Jiang JX. Rational design of triazine-based conjugated polymers with enhanced charge separation ability for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:984-992. [PMID: 38219316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Triazine-based conjugated polymers (TCPs) are promising organic catalysts for green H2 production, since their photocatalytic performance can be easily regulated via appropriate molecular design. However, apart from weak absorption of visible light, weak charge separation and transport abilities also considerably restrict the photocatalytic performance of TCPs. Herein, we report two novel TCP photocatalysts with donor-acceptor (D-A) and donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) structures using dibenzo[g,p]chrysene (Dc), thiophene (T), and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (Tz) as the donor, π-spacer, and acceptor, respectively. Compared to Dc-Tz with a D-A structure, Dc-T-Tz exhibits a broader light absorption edge and more efficient charge separation and transmission due to its D-π-A structure and strong dipole effect. These properties enable Dc-T-Tz to display a prominent H2 production rate of 45.13 mmol h-1 g-1 under ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light (λ > 300 nm). Therefore, Dc-T-Tz represents state-of-the-art TCP photocatalysts to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhi Han
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Xuan Ai
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
| | - Daodao Hu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China.
| | - Jia-Xing Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China.
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2
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Bhattacharjee S, Linley S, Reisner E. Solar reforming as an emerging technology for circular chemical industries. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-023-00567-x. [PMID: 38291132 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The adverse environmental impacts of greenhouse gas emissions and persistent waste accumulation are driving the demand for sustainable approaches to clean-energy production and waste recycling. By coupling the thermodynamically favourable oxidation of waste-derived organic carbon streams with fuel-forming reduction reactions suitable for producing clean hydrogen or converting CO2 to fuels, solar reforming simultaneously valorizes waste and generates useful chemical products. With appropriate light harvesting, catalyst design, device configurations and waste pre-treatment strategies, a range of sustainable fuels and value-added chemicals can already be selectively produced from diverse waste feedstocks, including biomass and plastics, demonstrating the potential of solar-powered upcycling plants. This Review highlights solar reforming as an emerging technology that is currently transitioning from fundamental research towards practical application. We investigate the chemistry and compatibility of waste pre-treatment, introduce process classifications, explore the mechanisms of different solar reforming technologies, and suggest appropriate concepts, metrics and pathways for various deployment scenarios in a net-zero-carbon future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart Linley
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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3
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Wang H, Shi L, Qu Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu S, Ma H, Guo Z. Increasing Donor-Acceptor Interactions and Particle Dispersibility of Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Higher Crystallinity and Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2296-2308. [PMID: 38189244 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have recently emerged as an efficient class of photocatalysts due to their structural diversity and excellent stability. Nevertheless, the synthetic reactions of CTFs have usually suffered from poor reversibility, resulting in a low crystallinity of the materials. Here, we report the introduction of methoxy groups on the monomer 2,5-diphenylthiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole to reinforce interlayer π-π interactions of the resulting donor-acceptor type CTFs, which improved crystallinity, further increasing the visible light absorption range and allowing for efficient separation and transport of carriers. The morphology is strongly correlated to the wettability, which has a significant impact on the mass transfer capacity and photocatalytic activity in the photocatalytic reaction. To further improve crystallinity and photocatalytic activity, CTF-NWU-T3 photocatalysts in a bowl shape were prepared using a SiO2 template. The energy band structure, photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and pollutant degradation efficiency of involved materials were investigated. The donor-acceptor type CTF-NWU-T3 with a bowl-shaped morphology, synthesized using the template method and the introduction of methoxy groups, exhibited an excellent photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 32064 μmol·h-1·g-1. This study highlights the significance of improving donor-acceptor interactions and increasing the dispersibility of catalyst particles in dispersion to enhance the photocatalytic activity of heterogeneous photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Lanting Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Zhi Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Lingfeng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yefeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering/Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P. R. China
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4
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He T, Zhao Y. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Energy Conversion in Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303086. [PMID: 37093128 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Intensifying energy crises and severe environmental issues have led to the discovery of renewable energy sources, sustainable energy conversion, and storage technologies. Photocatalysis is a green technology that converts eco-friendly solar energy into high-energy chemicals. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are porous materials constructed by covalent bonds that show promising potential for converting solar energy into chemicals owing to their pre-designable structures, high crystallinity, and porosity. Herein, we highlight recent progress in the synthesis of COF-based photocatalysts and their applications in water splitting, CO2 reduction, and H2 O2 production. The challenges and future opportunities for the rational design of COFs for advanced photocatalysts are discussed. This Review is expected to promote further development of COFs toward photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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5
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Sun R, Tan B. Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs): Synthesis, Crystallization, and Photocatalytic Water Splitting. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203077. [PMID: 36504463 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs) have received great attention from academia owing to their unique structure characteristics such as nitrogen-rich structure, chemical stability, fully conjugated skeleton and high surface area; all these unique properties make CTFs attractive for widespread applications, especially for photocatalytic applications. In this review, we aim to provide recent advances in the CTFs preparation, and mainly focus on their photocatalytic applications. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of the CTFs' synthetic methods, crystallinity lifting strategies, and their applications for photocatalytic water splitting. Firstly, a brief background including the photocatalytic water splitting and crystallinity are provided. Then, synthetic methods related to CTFs and the strategies for enhancing the crystallinity are summarized and compared. After that, the general photocatalytic mechanism and the strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of CTFs are discussed. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of fabricating high crystalline CTFs and designing CTFs with excellent photocatalytic performance are discussed, inspiring the development of CTF materials in photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Bien Tan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage Ministry of Education Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, 430074, Wuhan, P. R. China
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6
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Liao L, Li M, Yin Y, Chen J, Zhong Q, Du R, Liu S, He Y, Fu W, Zeng F. Advances in the Synthesis of Covalent Triazine Frameworks. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:4527-4542. [PMID: 36777586 PMCID: PMC9909813 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) are a class of organic polymer materials constructed by aromatic 1,3,5-triazine rings with planar π-conjugation properties. CTFs are highly stable and porous with N atoms in the frameworks, possessing semiconductive properties; thus they are widely used in gas adsorption and separation as well as catalysis. The properties of CTFs strongly depend on the type of monomers and the synthesis process. Synthesis methods including ionothermal polymerization, amino-aldehyde synthesis, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid catalyzed synthesis, and aldehyde-amidine condensation have been intensively studied in recent years. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and future developments of CTFs synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Liao
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Space
Science and Technology Institute (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518117, Guangdong, China
- (L.L.)
| | - Mingyu Li
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin
Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongli Yin
- Space
Science and Technology Institute (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518117, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qitong Zhong
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruixing Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuilian Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming He
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Fu
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- State
Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
- (F.Z.)
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7
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Porous organic polymers: a progress report in China. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Geng Q, Wang H, Wang J, Hong J, Sun W, Wu Y, Wang Y. Boosting the Capacity of Aqueous Li-Ion Capacitors via Pinpoint Surgery in Nanocoral-Like Covalent Organic Frameworks. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200314. [PMID: 35691937 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous lithium storage devices are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage applications, featuring low-cost, safety, environmental benignness, and grid-scale merits. Developing reliable anode materials with fast Li+ diffusion is paramount to stimulate their development. Herein, the electrochemical performance and mechanism of a redox-active β-ketoenamine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) (2,6-diaminoanthraquinone and 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol COF, DAAQ-TFP-COF) for lithium storage in aqueous electrolyte are explored for the first time. Systematic studies demonstrate that, by the conversion of neutral COF into anionic COF via a pinpoint surgery on the β-ketoenamine linkage, the resultative COF shows doubled Li+ storage capacity (132 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 , 87% of theoretical specific capacity), good rate capability (108 mAh g-1 at 10 A g-1 ), and excellent cyclability in 1000 cycles. This pinpoint surgery can be promising in extending the electrochemical applications of β-ketoenamine-linked COFs. The Li+ storage mechanism is investigated by ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance, in situ/ex situ Fourier transform infrared investigations, and density functional theory calculations. As a proof of new concept, a novel aqueous lithium-ion capacitor assembled with DAAQ-TFP-COF anode delivers high specific capacitance of 224 F g-1 (0.1 A g-1 ), supercapacitor-level power density (≈4000 W kg-1 ), and long cyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhao Geng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jie Hong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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Liu J, Liu M, Wang X, Wang X, Tan B. Crystalline Covalent Triazine Frameworks with Fibrous Morphology via a Low-Temperature Polycondensation of Planar Monomer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200984. [PMID: 35419938 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The morphology regulation of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) is a great challenge, which may be due to the difficulty in controlling its morphology by traditional synthesis methods. Herein, a general approach to fabricate morphology controllable CTFs by a mild polycondensation reaction in mixed solvents without any templating agents is reported. As a proof of concept, a type of crystalline CTFs with distinctive fibrous morphology (MS-F-CTF-1) (MS: Mixed Solvent; F: Fibrous Morphology) is developed by adjusting the ratio of mixed solvents to control the solubility of monomers, so that the nucleation, crystal growth, and subsequent self-assembly are controlled, which facilitates the formation of fibrous morphology. The resultant crystalline MS-F-CTF-1 shows uniform fibrous morphology with a diameter of about 100 nm and a length of several micrometers. Notably, the fibrous morphology of CTFs can efficiently improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance, in which the hydrogen evolution rate can be boosted by about two times in comparison to block ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Manying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan, 461000, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bien Tan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
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10
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Triazine 2D Nanosheets as a New Class of Nanomaterials: Crystallinity, Properties and Applications. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids6020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on the recent (2015–2021) literature data, the authors analyze the mutual dependence of crystallinity/amorphism and specific surface area and porosity in covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), taking into account thermodynamic and kinetic control in the synthesis of these 2D nanosheets. CTFs have now become a promising new class of high-performance porous organic materials. They can be recycled and reused easily, and thus have great potential as sustainable materials. For 2D CTFs, numerous examples are given to support the known rule that the structure and properties of any material with a given composition depend on the conditions of its synthesis. The review may be useful for elder students, postgraduate students, engineers and research fellows dealing with chemical synthesis and modern nanotechnologies based on 2D covalent triazine frameworks.
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12
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Sun P, Wang P, Yan D, Liu Q, Zhang W, Deng J, Liu Q. Boosting charge separation in conjugated microporous polymers via fluorination for enhancing photocatalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have emerged as prospective heterogeneous photocatalysts for photocatalytic aerobic oxidation due to their ease of functionalization, high surface area and porosity, and tunable band gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Peigen Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Jiyong Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis & Waste Recycling, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China
| | - Qingquan Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
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