Khan D, Liu X, Qu G, Nath AR, Xie P, Xu ZX. Nexuses Between the Chemical Design and Performance of Small Molecule Dopant-Free Hole Transporting Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells.
SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023;
19:e2205926. [PMID:
36470653 DOI:
10.1002/smll.202205926]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have grabbed much attention of researchers owing to their quick rise in power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, long-term stability remains a hurdle in commercialization, partly due to the inclusion of necessary hygroscopic dopants in hole transporting materials, enhancing the complexity and total cost. Generally, the efforts in designing dopant-free hole transporting materials (HTMs) are devoted toward small molecule and polymeric HTMs, where small molecule based HTMs (SM-HTMs) are dominant due to their reproducibility, facile synthesis, and low cost. Still, the state-of-art dopant-free SM-HTM has not been achieved yet, mainly because of the knowledge gap between device engineering and molecular designs. From a molecular engineering perspective, this article reviews dopant-free SM-HTMs for PSCs, outlining analyses of chemical structures with promising properties toward achieving effective, low-cost, and scalable materials for devices with higher stability. Finally, an outlook of dopant-free SM-HTMs toward commercial application and insight into the development of long-term stability PSCs devices is provided.
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