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Varvuolytė G, Řezníčková E, Krikštolė S, Tamulienė R, Bieliauskas A, Malina L, Vojáčková V, Duben Z, Kolářová H, Kleizienė N, Arbačiauskienė E, Žukauskaitė A, Kryštof V, Šačkus A. Synthesis and photo-induced anticancer activity of new 2-phenylethenyl-1H-benzo[e]indole dyes. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116777. [PMID: 39173284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a series of new 1,1,2-trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indole dyes was prepared via Knoevenagel condensation reaction between 1,1,2-trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indole and benzaldehydes, and characterized using various spectroscopic methods. The obtained compounds showed cytotoxic properties in G361 melanoma cell line upon irradiation with 414 nm blue light at submicromolar doses. The mechanism of action of the most potent compound 15 was further investigated. The treatment induced substantial generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to DNA damage followed by cell death depending on the concentration of the photosensitizer compound and the irradiation intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielė Varvuolytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania; Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Sonata Krikštolė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Tamulienė
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aurimas Bieliauskas
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lukáš Malina
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, CZ-77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenko Duben
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolářová
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, CZ-77515, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Neringa Kleizienė
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Arbačiauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, CZ-77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-50254, Kaunas, Lithuania; Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51423, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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