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Sánchez-Camacho J, Infante-Tadeo S, Carrasco AC, Scoditti S, Martínez Á, Barroso-Bujans F, Sicilia E, Pizarro AM, Salassa L. Flavin-Conjugated Pt(IV) Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:5644-5651. [PMID: 36990656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
In situ activation of Pt(IV) to Pt(II) species is a promising strategy to control the anticancer activity and overcome the off-target toxicity linked to classic platinum chemotherapeutic agents. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of two new asymmetric Pt(IV) derivatives of cisplatin and oxaliplatin (1·TARF and 2·TARF, respectively) bearing a covalently bonded 2',3',4',5'-tetraacetylriboflavin moiety (TARF). 1H and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy shows that 1·TARF and 2·TARF can be effectively activated into toxic Pt(II) species, when incubated with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, sodium ascorbate, and glutathione in the dark and under light irradiation. Density functional theory studies of the dark Pt(IV)-to-Pt(II) conversion of 2·TARF indicate that the process involves first hydride transfer from the donor to the flavin moiety of the complex, followed by electron transfer to the Pt(IV) center. When administered to MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells preincubated with nontoxic amounts of ascorbate, 2·TARF displays enhanced toxicity (between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude), suggesting that the generation of oxaliplatin can selectively be triggered by redox activation. Such an effect is not observed when 2 and TARF are coadministered under the same conditions, demonstrating that covalent binding of the flavin to the Pt complex is pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sánchez-Camacho
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
| | | | - Ana C Carrasco
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
| | - Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Álvaro Martínez
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
| | - Fabienne Barroso-Bujans
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 5, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Ana M Pizarro
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC-IMDEA, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48011, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, Donostia 20018, Spain
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Canil G, Gurruchaga-Pereda J, Braccini S, Marchetti L, Funaioli T, Marchetti F, Pratesi A, Salassa L, Gabbiani C. Synthesis, Characterization and Photoactivation Studies on the Novel Pt(IV)-Based [Pt(OCOCH 3) 3(phterpy)] Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021106. [PMID: 36674620 PMCID: PMC9864011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactivatable Pt(IV) prodrugs represent nowadays an intriguing class of potential metal-based drugs, endowed with more chemical inertness in their oxidized form and better selectivity for the target with respect to the clinically established Pt(II) compounds. In fact, they have the possibility to be reduced by light irradiation directly at the site of interest. For this reason, we synthesized a new Pt(IV) complex, [Pt(OCOCH3)3(4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)][CF3SO3] (1), that is well soluble in aqueous medium and totally unreactive towards selected model biomolecules until its reduction. The highlight of this work is the rapid and efficient photoreduction of 1 with visible light (460 nm), which leads to its reactive Pt(II) analogue. This behavior was made possible by taking advantage of an efficient catalytic system based on flavin and NADH, which is naturally present in the cellular environment. As a comparison, the reduction of 1 was also studied with simple UV irradiation, but both UV-Vis spectrophotometry and 1H-NMR spectrometry showed that the flavin-catalyzed reduction with visible light was faster. Lastly, the reactivity against two representative biological targets, i.e., human serum albumin and one monofilament oligonucleotide fragment, was evaluated by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The results clearly pointed out that the prodrug 1 did not interact with these targets until its photoreduction to the Pt(II) analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Canil
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Juan Gurruchaga-Pereda
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, Spain
- CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia, Spain
| | - Simona Braccini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorella Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Luca Salassa
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI), University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (C.G.)
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