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Guo L, Li C, Zhou Y, Hao X, Li H, Shang H, Sun B. A phthalocyanine-based porous organic polymer for a lithium-ion battery anode. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13745-13749. [PMID: 37718612 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) are a novel class of polymeric materials with high flexibility and designability for building structures. Herein, a phthalocyanine-based porous organic polymer (PcPOP) was constructed in situ on copper foil from H2Pc(ethynyl)4 [Pc(ethynyl)4 = 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetra(ethynyl)phthalocyanine] by the coupling reaction. Benefiting from the uniformly distributed electron-rich nitrogen atoms in the Pc structure and the sp-hybridized carbons in the acetylenic linkage, Li intercalation in the porous organic polymer would be improved and stabilized. As a result, PcPOP showed remarkable electrochemical performance in lithium-ion batteries as the anode, including high specific capacity (a charge capacity of 1172 mA h g-1 at a current density of 150 mA g-1) and long cycling stability (a reversible capacity of 960.1 mA h g-1 can be achieved even after 600 cycles at a current density of 1500 mA g-1). The result indicates that the intrinsic doping of electron-rich sites of the building molecules is beneficial for the electrochemical performance of the porous organic polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Guo
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhua Li
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Yougui Zhou
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Xinmeng Hao
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Huipeng Li
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Shang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
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Xie M, Liu J, Dai L, Peng H, Xie Y. Advances and prospects of porphyrin derivatives in the energy field. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24699-24730. [PMID: 37601600 PMCID: PMC10436694 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, porphyrin is developing rapidly in the fields of medicine, energy, catalysts, etc. More and more reports on its application are being published. This paper mainly takes the ingenious utilization of porphyrin derivatives in perovskite solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and lithium batteries as the background to review the design idea of functional materials based on the porphyrin structural unit in the energy sector. In addition, the modification and improvement strategies of porphyrin are presented by visually showing the molecular structures or the design synthesis routes of its functional materials. Finally, we provide some insights into the development of novel energy storage materials based on porphyrin frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Lianghong Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Hongjian Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Youqing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
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Li J, Hou Y, Cui CX, Zhang X, Wang JC, Wang A, Chen Z, Li M, Lou T. Porphyrin-based conjugated organic polymer with dual metal sites for highly active and selective visible-light-driven reduction of CO 2 to CO. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15022-15030. [PMID: 36112028 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02500k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A porphyrin-based conjugated organic polymer (COP) was constructed from 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)porphyrin copper (CuTBPP) and 5,5'-bis-ethynyl-2,2'-bipyridine (BPY) via Sonogashira coupling. Its complex Co/CuTBPP-BPY-COP (with dual metal sites composed of copper porphyrin and a cobalt BPY unit) was prepared by coordination with Co2+. All of the prepared CuTBPP-BPY-COP and Co/CuTBPP-BPY-COP compounds exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance toward CO2 reduction under visible-light irradiation without another sacrificial reagent but only H2O. Co/CuTBPP-BPY-COP (dual metal sites) exhibited better photocatalytic activity than CuTBPP-BPY-COP (a single metal site). Co/CuTBPP-BPY-COP retained a higher photocatalysis capacity for CO2 reduction after 10 consecutive cycles. The total quantity of CO product was 263.2 μmol g-1 after 10 h of irradiation. Theoretical studies indicate that introducing Co metal centers and nitro groups are more favorable for the photoreduction catalysis of CO2 compared with that using CuTBPP-BPY-COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Yuxia Hou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Xiupeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Ji-Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Airong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Tianjun Lou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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Gu Y, Li C, Wang Y, Lu W, Shang H, Sun B. Precise construction of lithiophilic sites by diyne-linked phthalocyanine polymer for suppressing metallic lithium dendrite. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5828-5833. [PMID: 35343538 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrite is the key challenge that impedes the practical application of Li anodes in high-energy-density Li-metal batteries. Precisely constructing lithiophilic active sites on the anode surface is expected to be an effective strategy for promoting the anode interfacial properties and alleviating the dendrite growth of lithium. Herein, a diyne-linked phthalocyanine polymer (PcEP) with precise lithiophilic active sites is designed and constructed in a bottom-up manner in situ on the surface of the copper foil via the coupling reaction of tetraethynylphthalocyanine. The lithiophilic electron-rich pyrrolic nitrogen and aza nitrogen in the Pc structure, and the sp-hybridized carbon in the diyne linkage (-CC-CC-) in PcEP can conduct the homogeneous nucleation and deposition processes of lithium, and thus suppress the dendrite growth. This dendrite-free metallic lithium anode exhibits reduced overpotential, high coulombic efficiency (98.6%), and prolonged lifespan (200% longer than that of a Cu anode). These impressive achievements demonstrate that the advanced phthalocyanine polymer might be a promising material for addressing the critical interfacial issues related to the next-generation high-energy-density Li-metal-based storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Chunhua Li
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Yingbin Wang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Wenxin Lu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Hong Shang
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Science, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100084, P. R. China.
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