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Pradhan E, Zeng T. Design of the Smallest Intramolecular Singlet Fission Chromophore with the Fastest Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11076-11085. [PMID: 36417555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We designed an intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) chromophore, pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline-1,4,6,9-tetraoxide. Appropriate substitutions into anthracene enhance the tetraradical character, so that the molecule accommodates a pair of triplet excitons in its lowest singlet excited state. Our simulation showed a 16 fs fast iSF of the design, which is a new record. The design also sets a new record of small size iSF chromophore and high exciton density. The design can be synthesized by oxidizing the tertiary N centers of the existent pyrazino[2,3-g]quinoxaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
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Fodor A, Gualtieri M, Zeller M, Tarasco E, Klein MG, Fodor AM, Haynes L, Lengyel K, Forst SA, Furgani GM, Karaffa L, Vellai T. Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC). Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030342. [PMID: 35335666 PMCID: PMC8950435 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge, not only for public health, but also for sustainable agriculture. Antibiotics used in humans should be ruled out for use in veterinary or agricultural settings. Applying antimicrobial peptide (AMP) molecules, produced by soil-born organisms for protecting (soil-born) plants, seems a preferable alternative. The natural role of peptide-antimicrobials, produced by the prokaryotic partner of entomopathogenic-nematode/bacterium (EPN/EPB) symbiotic associations, is to sustain monoxenic conditions for the EPB in the gut of the semi-anabiotic infective dauer juvenile (IJ) EPN. They keep pathobiome conditions balanced for the EPN/EPB complex in polyxenic (soil, vanquished insect cadaver) niches. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM16338(T) (EMC), and X. budapestensis DSM16342(T) (EMA), are the respective natural symbionts of EPN species Steinernema rarum and S. bicornutum. We identified and characterized both of these 15 years ago. The functional annotation of the draft genome of EMC revealed 71 genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and polyketide synthases. The large spatial Xenorhabdus AMP (fabclavine), was discovered in EMA, and its biosynthetic pathway in EMC. The AMPs produced by EMA and EMC are promising candidates for controlling MDR prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens (bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, protozoa). EMC releases large quantity of iodinin (1,6-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide) in a water-soluble form into the media, where it condenses to form spectacular water-insoluble, macroscopic crystals. This review evaluates the scientific impact of international research on EMA and EMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- Department of Genetics, University of Szeged, Középfasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-(30)-490-9294
| | - Maxime Gualtieri
- Nosopharm, 110 Allée Charles Babbage, Espace Innovation 2, 30000 Nîmes, France;
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Eustachio Tarasco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection of CNR, Via Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Michael G. Klein
- USDA-ARS & Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 13416 Claremont Ave, Cleveland, OH 44130, USA;
| | - Andrea M. Fodor
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
| | - Leroy Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH 44691, USA;
| | - Katalin Lengyel
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition (NIPN), Zrinyi utca 3, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Steven A. Forst
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA;
| | - Ghazala M. Furgani
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tripoli, Tripoli P.O. Box 13793, Libya
| | - Levente Karaffa
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Institute of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös University, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.M.F.); (K.L.); or (G.M.F.); or (T.V.)
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Pázmány Péter Sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Yue H, Miller AL, Khetrapal V, Jayaseker V, Wright S, Du L. Biosynthesis, regulation, and engineering of natural products from Lysobacter. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:842-874. [PMID: 35067688 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to August 2021Lysobacter is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria that was classified in 1987. Several Lysobacter species are emerging as new biocontrol agents for crop protection in agriculture. Lysobacter are prolific producers of new bioactive natural products that are largely underexplored. So far, several classes of structurally interesting and biologically active natural products have been isolated from Lysobacter. This article reviews the progress in Lysobacter natural product research over the past ten years, including molecular mechanisms for biosynthesis, regulation and mode of action, genome mining of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters, and metabolic engineering using synthetic biology tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Amanda Lynn Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Vimmy Khetrapal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Vishakha Jayaseker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Stephen Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
| | - Liangcheng Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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James D, Pradhan E, Zeng T. Design of singlet fission chromophores by the introduction of N-oxyl fragments. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:034303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0077010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan James
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
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Liu J, Zhao Y, Fu ZQ, Liu F. Monooxygenase LaPhzX is Involved in Self-Resistance Mechanisms during the Biosynthesis of N-Oxide Phenazine Myxin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13524-13532. [PMID: 34735148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Self-resistance genes are deployed by many microbial producers of bioactive natural products to avoid self-toxicity. Myxin, a di-N-oxide phenazine produced by Lysobacter antibioticus OH13, is toxic to many microorganisms and tumor cells. Here, we uncovered a self-defense strategy featuring the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase (ABM) family protein LaPhzX for myxin degradation. The gene LaPhzX is located in the myxin biosynthetic gene cluster (LaPhz), and its deletion resulted in bacterial mutants that are more sensitive to myxin. In addition, the LaPhzX mutants showed increased myxin accumulation and reduction of its derivative, compound 4, compared to the wild-type strain. Meanwhile, in vitro biochemical assays demonstrated that LaPhzX significantly degraded myxin in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In addition, heterologous expression of LaPhzX in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Escherichia coli increased their resistance to myxin. Overall, our work illustrates a monooxygenase-mediated self-resistance mechanism for phenazine antibiotic biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- College of Plant Protection (Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety─State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yangyang Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety─State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Fengquan Liu
- College of Plant Protection (Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety─State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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