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G V, Singh S, Kaul N, Ramamurthy PC, Naik T, Viswanath R, Kumar V, Bhojya Naik HS, A P, H A AK, Singh J, Khan NA. Green synthesis of nickel-doped magnesium ferrite nanoparticles via combustion for facile microwave-assisted optical and photocatalytic applications. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116598. [PMID: 37451577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
NixMg1-xFe2O4(x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) nanoparticles were symphonized via combustion with microwave assistance in the presence of Tamarindus indica seeds extract as fuel. Nanoparticles nature, size, morphology, oxidation state, elemental composition, and optical and luminescence properties were analysed using PXRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and HRTEM with SAED, XPS, UV-Visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. PXRD analysis confirms that synthesized nanoparticles are spinel cubic and have a 17-18 nm average crystalline size. Tetrahedral and octahedral sites regarding stretching vibrations were confirmed by FTIR analysis. SEM and HRTEM data it is disclosed that the morphology of synthesized nanoparticles has nano flakes-like structure with sponge-like agglomeration. Elemental compositions of prepared nanoparticles were confirmed through EDX spectroscopy. XPS Spectroscopy confirmed and revealed transition, oxidation states, and elemental composition. The band gap and absorption phenomenon were disclosed using UV-visible spectroscopy, where the band gap declines (2.1, 2, 1.6, 1.8 eV), with increase in nickel NixMg1-xFe2O4(x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) doping. Photoluminescence intensity reduces with an incline in nickel doping, was confirmed and disclosed using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Dyes (Methylene blue and Rhodamine B) degradation activity was performed in the presence of NDMF nanoparticles as a photocatalyst, which disclosed that 98.1% of MB dye and 97.9% of RB dye were degraded in 0-120 min. Regarding initial dye concentration and catalyst load, 5 ppm was initiated as the ideal initial concentration for both RB and MB dyes. 50 mg catalyst dosage was found to be most effective for the degradation of MB and RB dyes. In comparison, pH studies revealed that photodegradation efficiency was higher in neutral (MB-98.1%, RB-97.9%) and basic (MB-99.6%, RB-99.3%) conditions than in acidic (MB-61.8%, RB-60.4%) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu G
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Noyonika Kaul
- Sharda University, Knowledge Park 3, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Tssk Naik
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - R Viswanath
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, C.C.R.A.S., Govt. of India, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India
| | - H S Bhojya Naik
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India.
| | - Prathap A
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnanasahyadri, Shankaraghatta, 577451, Karnataka, India
| | - Anil Kumara H A
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry, Sahyadri Science College, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, 577203, Karnataka, India
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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Panthi G, Park M. Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Zinc Oxide-Based Z-Scheme and S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysts for the Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15021. [PMID: 37834469 PMCID: PMC10573564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a metal-free polymer semiconductor, has been recognized as an attractive photocatalytic material for environmental remediation because of its low band gap, high thermal and photostability, chemical inertness, non-toxicity, low cost, biocompatibility, and optical and electrical efficiency. However, g-C3N4 has been reported to suffer from many difficulties in photocatalytic applications, such as a low specific surface area, inadequate visible-light utilization, and a high charge recombination rate. To overcome these difficulties, the formation of g-C3N4 heterojunctions by coupling with metal oxides has triggered tremendous interest in recent years. In this regard, zinc oxide (ZnO) is being largely explored as a self-driven semiconductor photocatalyst to form heterojunctions with g-C3N4, as ZnO possesses unique and fascinating properties, including high quantum efficiency, high electron mobility, cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and a simple synthetic procedure. The synergistic effect of its properties, such as adsorption and photogenerated charge separation, was found to enhance the photocatalytic activity of heterojunctions. Hence, this review aims to compile the strategies for fabricating g-C3N4/ZnO-based Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic systems with enhanced performance and overall stability for the photodegradation of organic pollutants. Furthermore, with reference to the reported system, the photocatalytic mechanism of g-C3N4/ZnO-based heterojunction photocatalysts and their charge-transfer pathways on the interface surface are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Panthi
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Carbon Composite Energy Nanomaterials Research Center, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
- Woosuk Institute of Smart Convergence Life Care (WSCLC), Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, Republic of Korea
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Ahmad I, Shukrullah S, Naz MY, Bhatti HN. A Cu medium designed Z-scheme ZnO-Cu-CdS heterojunction photocatalyst for stable and excellent H 2 evolution, methylene blue degradation, and CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:6343-6359. [PMID: 37083039 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00684k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Solar photocatalysis has emerged as a pollution-free and inexhaustible technique that has been extensively researched in the domains of environmental remediation and energy production. Herein, we have integrated ZnO and CdS nanoparticles through Cu as a solid-state electron mediator to design a ZnO-Cu-CdS Z-scheme heterosystem via a sol-gel route and further tested this as a photocatalyst for dye degradation, H2 evolution, and CO2 reduction. Within 60 min of visible light exposure, about 97% of methylene blue (MB) is degraded with a degradation rate constant of 0.042 min-1 for the ZnO0.45Cu0.1CdS0.45 catalyst. The MB degradation with this catalyst is 84, 21, 4.8, and 2 times as high as those of ZnO, CdS, ZnO0.5CdS0.5, and Cu0.1ZnO0.9 catalysts. The ZnO-Cu-CdS catalyst manifests an H2 evolution efficiency of 5579 μmol h-1 g-1, which is 169, 41, 3.9, and 3.5 times as high as those of ZnO, CdS, ZnO0.5CdS0.5, and Cu0.1ZnO0.9 catalysts. Using H2 as a reducing agent, the CO production rate over the ZnO0.45Cu0.1CdS0.45 catalyst reaches 770 μmol h-1 g-1, which is 3 and 1.8 times higher than those of ZnO0.5CdS0.5 and Cu0.1ZnO0.9 catalysts. Besides, the optimal CH4 production rate over ZnO0.45Cu0.1CdS0.45 reaches 890 μmol h-1 g-1. The improved photocatalytic response of the ZnO-Cu-CdS catalyst is assigned to the delayed recombination of photoexcited charge carriers through a Z-scheme charge transport mode, maintaining the photocarriers with strong redox potentials and the dual role of Cu to serve as a conductive bridge to accelerate the charge transfer rate and enhance the light absorption due to its SPR phenomenon. This research offers a promising strategy for developing binary/ternary Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic systems for different photocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Shukrullah
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yasin Naz
- Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Haq Nawaz Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ni2+-doped Bi4O7 nanorods with broad-spectrum photoresponse. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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G. V, Naik HSB, Viswanath R, Kirthan BR, Nayak PHA, Bajiri MA. Combustion-assisted green-synthesized magnesium-doped cadmium ferrite nanoparticles for multifunctional applications. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium-doped cadmium ferrite nanoparticles, MgXCd1−XFe2O4 (where, X = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) were synthesized by a combustion method using curd as fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu G.
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
| | - H. S. Bhojya Naik
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
| | - R. Viswanath
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
| | - B. R. Kirthan
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, Sir M.V. Government, Science College, Bommanakatte, Bhadravathi, 577302, Karnataka, India
| | - P. H. Amith Nayak
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Bajiri
- Department of Studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577 451, India
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Qaraah FA, Mahyoub SA, Hezam A, Qaraah A, Drmosh QA, Xiu G. Construction of 3D flowers-like O-doped g-C3N4-[N-doped Nb2O5/C] heterostructure with direct S-scheme charge transport and highly improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficiency. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)64038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Javed M, Qamar MA, Shahid S, Alsaab HO, Asif S. Highly efficient visible light active Cu-ZnO/S-g-C 3N 4 nanocomposites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37254-37267. [PMID: 35496420 PMCID: PMC9044814 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07203j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts is severely hampered by limited visible light harvesting and unwanted fast recombination of photogenerated e- and h+. In the current study, the photocatalytic efficiency of Cu-ZnO/S-g-C3N4 (CZS) nanocomposites was investigated against MB dye. The composite materials were designed via chemical co-precipitation method and characterised by important analytical techniques. Distinctive heterojunctions developed between S-g-C3N4 and Cu-ZnO in the CZS composite were revealed by TEM. The synthesized composites exhibit a huge number of active sites, a large surface area, a smaller size and better visible light absorption. The considerable enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of CZS nanocomposites might be accredited to the decay in the e-h pair recombination rate and a red shift in the visible region, as observed by PL and optical analysis, respectively. Furthermore, the metal (Cu) doping into the S-g-C3N4/ZnO matrix created exemplary interfaces between ZnO and S-g-C3N4, and maximized the photocatalytic activity of CZS nanocomposites. In particular, CZS nanocomposites synthesized by integrating 25% S-g-C3N4 with 4% Cu-ZnO (CZS-25 NCs) exhibited the 100% photocatalytic degradation of MB in 60 minutes under sunlight irradiation. After six cycles, the photocatalytic stability of CZS-25 NCs was excellent. Likewise, a plausible MB degradation mechanism is proposed over CZS-25 NCs based on photoluminescence and reactive species scavenger test observation. The current research supports the design of novel composites for the photocatalytic disintegration of organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azam Qamar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Sammia Shahid
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma Asif
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
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