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Kim T, Jung W, Cho S, Kim G, Yun H, Chae J. Predicting lung exposure of intramuscular niclosamide as an antiviral agent: Power-law based pharmacokinetic modeling. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13833. [PMID: 38797873 PMCID: PMC11128490 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Niclosamide, a potent anthelmintic agent, has emerged as a candidate against COVID-19 in recent studies. Its formulation has been investigated extensively to address challenges related to systemic exposure. In this study, niclosamide was formulated as a long-acting intramuscular injection to achieve systemic exposure in the lungs for combating the virus. To establish the dose-exposure relationship, a hamster model was selected, given its utility in previous COVID-19 infection studies. Pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed using NONMEM and PsN. Hamsters were administered doses of 55, 96, 128, and 240 mg/kg with each group comprising five animals. Two types of PK models were developed, linear models incorporating partition coefficients and power-law distributed models, to characterize the relationship between drug concentrations in the plasma and lungs of the hamsters. Numerical and visual diagnostics, including basic goodness-of-fit and visual predictive checks, were employed to assess the models. The power-law-based PK model not only demonstrated superior numerical performance compared with the linear model but also exhibited better agreement in visual diagnostic evaluations. This phenomenon was attributed to the nonlinear relationship between drug concentrations in the plasma and lungs, reflecting kinetic heterogeneity. Dose optimization, based on predicting lung exposure, was conducted iteratively across different drug doses, with the minimum effective dose estimated to be ~1115 mg/kg. The development of a power-law-based PK model proved successful and effectively captured the nonlinearities observed in this study. This method is expected to be applicable for investigating the drug disposition of specific formulations in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeheon Kim
- Life Science Institute, Daewoong PharmaceuticalYonginSouth Korea
| | - Woojin Jung
- College of PharmacyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Sangeun Cho
- Life Science Institute, Daewoong PharmaceuticalYonginSouth Korea
| | - Gwanyoung Kim
- Life Science Institute, Daewoong PharmaceuticalYonginSouth Korea
| | - Hwi‐yeol Yun
- College of PharmacyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea
- Department of Bio‐AI ConvergenceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea
| | - Jung‐woo Chae
- College of PharmacyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea
- Department of Bio‐AI ConvergenceChungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea
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Hogarth C, Arnold K, Wright S, Elkateb H, Rannard S, McDonald TO. Navigating the challenges of lipid nanoparticle formulation: the role of unpegylated lipid surfactants in enhancing drug loading and stability. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:669-679. [PMID: 38235101 PMCID: PMC10791113 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00484h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles have proved an attractive approach for drug delivery; however, the challenges of optimising formulation stability and increasing drug loading have limited progression. In this work, we investigate the role of unpegylated lipid surfactants (helper lipids) in nanoparticle formation and the effect of blending helper lipids with pegylated lipid surfactants on the formation and stability of lipid-based nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation. Furthermore, blends of unpegylated/pegylated lipid surfactants were examined for ability to accommodate higher drug loading formulations by means of a higher weight percentage (wt%) of drug relative to total mass of formulation components (i.e. drug, surfactants and lipids). Characterisation included evaluation of particle diameter, size distribution, drug loading and nanoformulation stability. Our findings demonstrate that the addition of unpegylated lipid surfactant (Lipoid S100) to pegylated lipid surfactant (Brij S20) enhances stability, particularly at higher weight percentages of the core material. This blending approach enables drug loading capacities exceeding 10% in the lipid nanoparticles. Notably, Lipoid S100 exhibited nucleating properties that aided in the formation and stabilisation of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, we examined the incorporation of a model drug into the lipid nanoparticle formulations. Blending the model drug with the core material disrupted the crystallinity of the core, offering additional potential benefits in terms of drug release and stability. This comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the interplay between surfactant properties, core material composition, and nanoparticle behaviour. The study enhances our understanding of lipid materials and offers guidance for the design and optimisation of lipid nanoparticle formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Hogarth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Keith Arnold
- Material Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Steve Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Heba Elkateb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Steve Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Material Innovation Factory, University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Department of Materials, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
- Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester UK
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Zhai C, Wang M, Jin Y, Chung HJ, Kim S, Kim HJ, Hong ST. Oral delivery of a host-directed antiviral, niclosamide, as a cholate-coated nanoformulation. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106973. [PMID: 37741586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Potentially significant drug candidates often face elimination from consideration due to the lack of an effective method for systemic delivery. The poor solubility of these candidates has posed a major obstacle for their development as oral pills or injectables. Niclosamide, a host-directed antiviral, is a good example. In this study, a nanoformulation technology that allows for the non-covalent formulation of niclosamide with cholic acids was developed. This formulation enables efficient systemic delivery through endocytosis and enterohepatic circulation of bile-acid-coated nanoparticles. The oral bioavailability of niclosamide-delivery nanoparticles (NDNs) was significantly enhanced to 38.3%, representing an eight-fold increase compared with pure niclosamide. Consequently, the plasma concentration of niclosamide for the NDN formulation reached 1179.6 ng/mL, which is 11 times higher than the therapeutic plasma level. This substantial increase in plasma level contributed to the complete resolution of clinical symptoms in animals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This nanoformulation not only provides an orally deliverable antiviral drug for SARS-CoV-2 with improved pharmaceutical bioavailability, but also offers a solution to the systemic delivery challenges faced by potentially significant drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongkai Zhai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea; Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Centre of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, China
| | - Mingda Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Yanyan Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hea-Jong Chung
- Gwangju Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sura Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Kim
- SNJ Pharma Inc., BioLabs-LA at the Lundquist Institute for BioMedical Innovation at Harbor UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA.
| | - Seong-Tshool Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, South Korea.
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Attia MS, Radwan MF, Ibrahim TS, Ibrahim TM. Development of Carvedilol-Loaded Albumin-Based Nanoparticles with Factorial Design to Optimize In Vitro and In Vivo Performance. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051425. [PMID: 37242667 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol, an anti-hypertensive medication commonly prescribed by healthcare providers, falls under the BCS class II category due to its low-solubility and high-permeability characteristics, resulting in limited dissolution and low absorption when taken orally. Herein, carvedilol was entrapped into bovine serum albumin (BSA)-based nanoparticles using the desolvation method to obtain a controlled release profile. Carvedilol-BSA nanoparticles were prepared and optimized using 32 factorial design. The nanoparticles were characterized for their particle size (Y1), entrapment efficiency (Y2), and time to release 50% of carvedilol (Y3). The optimized formulation was assessed for its in vitro and in vivo performance by solid-state, microscopical, and pharmacokinetic evaluations. The factorial design showed that an increment of BSA concentration demonstrated a significant positive effect on Y1 and Y2 responses with a negative effect on Y3 response. Meanwhile, the carvedilol percentage in BSA nanoparticles represented its obvious positive impact on both Y1 and Y3 responses, along with a negative impact on Y2 response. The optimized nanoformulation entailed BSA at a concentration of 0.5%, whereas the carvedilol percentage was 6%. The DSC thermograms indicated the amorphization of carvedilol inside the nanoparticles, which confirmed its entrapment into the BSA structure. The plasma concentrations of carvedilol released were observable from optimized nanoparticles up to 72 h subsequent to their injection into rats, revealing their longer in vivo circulation time compared to pure carvedilol suspension. This study offers new insight into the significance of BSA-based nanoparticles in sustaining the release of carvedilol and presents a potential value-added in the remediation of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Taylor J, Sharp A, Rannard SP, Arrowsmith S, McDonald TO. Nanomedicine strategies to improve therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of preterm birth and future directions. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1870-1889. [PMID: 36998665 PMCID: PMC10044983 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates 15 million babies worldwide are born preterm each year, with 1 million infant mortalities and long-term morbidity in survivors. Whilst the past 40 years have provided some understanding in the causes of preterm birth, along with development of a range of therapeutic options, notably prophylactic use of progesterone or uterine contraction suppressants (tocolytics), the number of preterm births continues to rise. Existing therapeutics used to control uterine contractions are restricted in their clinical use due to pharmacological drawbacks such as poor potency, transfer of drugs to the fetus across the placenta and maternal side effects from activity in other maternal systems. This review focuses on addressing the urgent need for the development of alternative therapeutic systems with improved efficacy and safety for the treatment of preterm birth. We discuss the application of nanomedicine as a viable opportunity to engineer pre-existing tocolytic agents and progestogens into nanoformulations, to improve their efficacy and address current drawbacks to their use. We review different nanomedicines including liposomes, lipid-based carriers, polymers and nanosuspensions highlighting where possible, where these technologies have already been exploited e.g. liposomes, and their significance in improving the properties of pre-existing therapeutic agents within the field of obstetrics. We also highlight where active pharmaceutical agents (APIs) with tocolytic properties have been used for other clinical indications and how these could inform the design of future therapeutics or be repurposed to diversify their application such as for use in preterm birth. Finally we outline and discuss the future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Andrew Sharp
- Harris-Wellbeing Preterm Birth Research Centre, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Liverpool Women's Hospital, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L8 7SS UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool Liverpool L7 3NY UK
| | - Sarah Arrowsmith
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
- Department of Materials, Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL UK
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Ousingsawat J, Centeio R, Cabrita I, Talbi K, Zimmer O, Graf M, Göpferich A, Schreiber R, Kunzelmann K. Airway Delivery of Hydrogel-Encapsulated Niclosamide for the Treatment of Inflammatory Airway Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031085. [PMID: 35163010 PMCID: PMC8835663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Repurposing of the anthelminthic drug niclosamide was proposed as an effective treatment for inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Niclosamide may also be effective for the treatment of viral respiratory infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza. While systemic application of niclosamide may lead to unwanted side effects, local administration via aerosol may circumvent these problems, particularly when the drug is encapsulated into small polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrospheres. In the present study, we examined whether PEG-encapsulated niclosamide inhibits the production of mucus and affects the pro-inflammatory mediator CLCA1 in mouse airways in vivo, while effects on mucociliary clearance were assessed in excised mouse tracheas. The potential of encapsulated niclosamide to inhibit TMEM16A whole-cell Cl- currents and intracellular Ca2+ signalling was assessed in airway epithelial cells in vitro. We achieved encapsulation of niclosamide in PEG-microspheres and PEG-nanospheres (Niclo-spheres). When applied to asthmatic mice via intratracheal instillation, Niclo-spheres strongly attenuated overproduction of mucus, inhibited secretion of the major proinflammatory mediator CLCA1, and improved mucociliary clearance in tracheas ex vivo. These effects were comparable for niclosamide encapsulated in PEG-nanospheres and PEG-microspheres. Niclo-spheres inhibited the Ca2+ activated Cl- channel TMEM16A and attenuated mucus production in CFBE and Calu-3 human airway epithelial cells. Both inhibitory effects were explained by a pronounced inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ signals. The data indicate that poorly dissolvable compounds such as niclosamide can be encapsulated in PEG-microspheres/nanospheres and deposited locally on the airway epithelium as encapsulated drugs, which may be advantageous over systemic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraporn Ousingsawat
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Raquel Centeio
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Inês Cabrita
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Khaoula Talbi
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Oliver Zimmer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (O.Z.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Moritz Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (O.Z.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Achim Göpferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (O.Z.); (M.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Physiological Institute, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (J.O.); (R.C.); (I.C.); (K.T.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)941-943-4302; Fax: +49-(0)941-943-4315
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Yayehrad AT, Siraj EA, Wondie GB, Alemie AA, Derseh MT, Ambaye AS. Could Nanotechnology Help to End the Fight Against COVID-19? Review of Current Findings, Challenges and Future Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5713-5743. [PMID: 34465991 PMCID: PMC8402990 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s327334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A serious viral infectious disease was introduced to the globe by the end of 2019 that was seen primarily from China, but spread worldwide in a few months to be a pandemic. Since then, accurate prevention, early detection, and effective treatment strategies are not yet outlined. There is no approved drug to counter its worldwide transmission. However, integration of nanostructured delivery systems with the current management strategies has promised a pronounced opportunity to tackle the pandemic. This review addressed the various promising nanotechnology-based approaches for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the pandemic. The pharmaceutical, pharmacoeconomic, and regulatory aspects of these systems with currently achieved or predicted beneficial outcomes, challenges, and future perspectives are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashagrachew Tewabe Yayehrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ebrahim Abdela Siraj
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Gebremariam Birhanu Wondie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Atlaw Abate Alemie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Food and Drug Authority (EFDA), Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Manaye Tamrie Derseh
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Departement of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Abyou Seyfu Ambaye
- Departement of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
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