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Li S, Wang F, Wang Y, Yang J, Wang X, Zhan X, He J, Wang Z. Van der Waals Ferroelectrics: Theories, Materials, and Device Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301472. [PMID: 37363893 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of 2D van der Waals (vdW) materials are theory-predicted or laboratory-validated to possess in-plane (IP) and/or out-of-plane (OOP) spontaneous ferroelectric polarization. Due to their dangling-bond-free surfaces, interlayer charge coupling, robust polarization, tunable energy band structures, and compatibility with silicon-based technologies, vdW ferroelectric materials exhibit great promise in ferroelectric memories, neuromorphic computing, nanogenerators, photovoltaic devices, spintronic devices, and so on. Here, the very recent advances in the field of vdW ferroelectrics (FEs) are reviewed. First, theories of ferroelectricity are briefly discussed. Then, a comprehensive summary of the non-stacking vdW ferroelectric materials is provided based on their crystal structures and the emerging sliding ferroelectrics. In addition, their potential applications in various branches/frontier fields are enumerated, with a focus on artificial intelligence. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of vdW ferroelectrics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Pan Q, Gu ZX, Zhou RJ, Feng ZJ, Xiong YA, Sha TT, You YM, Xiong RG. The past 10 years of molecular ferroelectrics: structures, design, and properties. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38690681 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00262d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ferroelectricity, which has diverse important applications such as memory elements, capacitors, and sensors, was first discovered in a molecular compound, Rochelle salt, in 1920 by Valasek. Owing to their superiorities of lightweight, biocompatibility, structural tunability, mechanical flexibility, etc., the past decade has witnessed the renaissance of molecular ferroelectrics as promising complementary materials to commercial inorganic ferroelectrics. Thus, on the 100th anniversary of ferroelectricity, it is an opportune time to look into the future, specifically into how to push the boundaries of material design in molecular ferroelectric systems and finally overcome the hurdles to their commercialization. Herein, we present a comprehensive and accessible review of the appealing development of molecular ferroelectrics over the past 10 years, with an emphasis on their structural diversity, chemical design, exceptional properties, and potential applications. We believe that it will inspire intense, combined research efforts to enrich the family of high-performance molecular ferroelectrics and attract widespread interest from physicists and chemists to better understand the structure-function relationships governing improved applied functional device engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Zhu-Xiao Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China.
| | - Ru-Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Zi-Jie Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-An Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Tai-Ting Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Meng You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Science and Applications of Molecular Ferroelectrics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China.
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Yu LQ, Guo RT, Guo SH, Yan JS, Liu H, Pan WG. Research progress on photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 based on ferroelectric materials. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1058-1079. [PMID: 38126461 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Transforming CO2 into renewable fuels or valuable carbon compounds could be a practical means to tackle the issues of global warming and energy crisis. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, and offers a broader range of potential applications than other CO2 conversion techniques. Ferroelectric materials, which belong to a class of materials with switchable polarization, are attractive candidates as catalysts due to their distinctive and substantial impact on surface physical and chemical characteristics. This review provides a concise overview of the fundamental principles underlying photocatalysis and the mechanism involved in CO2 reduction. Additionally, the composition and properties of ferroelectric materials are introduced. This review expands on the research progress in using ferroelectric materials for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 from three perspectives: directly as a catalyst, by modification, and construction of heterojunctions. Finally, the future potential of ferroelectric materials for photocatalytic CO2 reduction is presented. This review may be a valuable guide for creating reasonable and more effective photocatalysts based on ferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Qi Yu
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui-Tang Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hui Guo
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ji-Song Yan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Liu
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Guo Pan
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Non-Carbon Energy Conversion and Utilization Institute, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
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O'Reilly T, Holsgrove KM, Zhang X, Scott JJR, Gaponenko I, Kumar P, Agar J, Paruch P, Arredondo M. The Effect of Chemical Environment and Temperature on the Domain Structure of Free-Standing BaTiO 3 via In Situ STEM. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303028. [PMID: 37607120 PMCID: PMC10582436 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectrics, due to their polar nature and reversible switching, can be used to dynamically control surface chemistry for catalysis, chemical switching, and other applications such as water splitting. However, this is a complex phenomenon where ferroelectric domain orientation and switching are intimately linked to surface charges. In this work, the temperature-induced domain behavior of ferroelectric-ferroelastic domains in free-standing BaTiO3 films under different gas environments, including vacuum and oxygen-rich, is studied by in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). An automated pathway to statistically disentangle and detect domain structure transformations using deep autoencoders, providing a pathway towards real-time analysis is also established. These results show a clear difference in the temperature at which phase transition occurs and the domain behavior between various environments, with a peculiar domain reconfiguration at low temperatures, from a-c to a-a at ≈60 °C. The vacuum environment exhibits a rich domain structure, while under the oxidizing environment, the domain structure is largely suppressed. The direct visualization provided by in situ gas and heating STEM allows to investigate the influence of external variables such as gas, pressure, and temperature, on oxide surfaces in a dynamic manner, providing invaluable insights into the intricate surface-screening mechanisms in ferroelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin O'Reilly
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT7 1NNUK
- University of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | | | - Xinqiao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and MechanicsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - John J. R. Scott
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT7 1NNUK
| | | | - Praveen Kumar
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT7 1NNUK
- Shared Instrumentation FacilityColorado School of MinesGoldenCO80401USA
| | - Joshua Agar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and MechanicsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | | | - Miryam Arredondo
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen's University BelfastBelfastBT7 1NNUK
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Singh D, Joshi B, Poddar P. Ferroelectric Polarization and Iron Substitution Synergistically Boost Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Bismuth Oxychloride Nanosheets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11414-11425. [PMID: 37527487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials have gained significant interest in various kinds of water splitting, but the study of ferroelectric materials for electrocatalytic water splitting is in its infancy. Ferroelectric materials have spontaneous polarization below their Curie temperature due to dipolar alignment, which results in surface charges. In 2D ferroelectric materials, spontaneous polarization depends on thickness. Herein, we report that thickness-dependent ferroelectric polarization in 2D nanosheets can also accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) along with the tailored active surface area of exposed crystalline facets, which improves the electrocatalytic activity relatively. Iron-substituted BiOCl nanosheets of varying thickness are fabricated by varying the pH using a facile coprecipitation method. The substituted iron enhances polarization and electrochemical active sites on the surface. The findings in this study show that the exposed (001) facet and higher thickness of the nanosheets have high ferroelectric polarization and, in turn, superior electrocatalytic activity and remarkable stability, requiring low overpotentials (348 mV and 270 mV at 100 mA/cm2 and 10 mA/cm2) in alkaline (1.0 M KOH) electrolyte. As the thickness of the nanosheets is decreased from 140 to 34 nm, the electrocatalytic performance of iron-substituted BiOCl nanosheets starts to reduce due to the lower Coulomb-Coulomb interaction and the increasing depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavana Joshi
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Pankaj Poddar
- Physical & Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fu B, Li J, Jiang H, He X, Ma Y, Wang J, Shi C, Hu C. Enhanced piezotronics by single-crystalline ferroelectrics for uniformly strengthening the piezo-photocatalysis of electrospun BaTiO 3@TiO 2 nanofibers. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:14073-14081. [PMID: 35993416 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03828e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Turning the built-in electric field by modulating the morphology and microstructure of ferroelectric materials is considered a viable approach to enhancing the piezo-photocatalytic activity of the ferroelectric/oxide semiconductor heterojunctions. Here, hydrothermally synthesized single-crystalline BaTiO3 nanoparticles are employed to construct BaTiO3@TiO2 hybrid nanofibers by sol-gel assisted electrospinning of TiO2 nanofibers and annealing. Because of the obvious enhancement of the synergetic piezo-photocatalytic effect under both ultrasonic and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, the piezo-photocatalytic degradation rate constant (k) of BaTiO3@TiO2 hybrid nanofibers on methyl orange (MO) reaches 14.84 × 10-2 min-1, which is approximately seven fold that for piezocatalysis and six fold that for photocatalysis. Moreover, BaTiO3@TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles are also synthesized for comparison purposes to assess the influence of microstructure on the piezo-photocatalysis by a wet-chemical coating of TiO2 on BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Such a high piezo-photocatalytic activity is attributed to the enhancement of the piezotronic effect by the single-crystalline ferroelectric nanoparticles and the nanoconfinement effect caused by the one-dimensional boundary of nanofibers with high specific surface areas. The mechanically induced uniform local built-in electric fields originated from the single-crystalline ferroelectric nanoparticles can enhance the separation of photogenerated electron and hole pairs and promote the formation of free hydroxyl radicals, resulting in a strong piezotronic effect boosted photochemical degradation of organic dye. This work introduces the single-crystalline ferroelectrics to construct ferroelectric/oxide semiconductor heterojunctions, and the enhanced local piezotronic effect uniformly strengthens the photochemical reactivity, which offers a new option to design high-efficiency piezo-photocatalysts for pollutant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianjie Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Huaide Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoli He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yanmei Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jingke Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Chaoyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Khosya M, Faraz M, Khare N. Enhanced photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium by using piezo-photo active calcium bismuth oxide ferroelectric nanoflakes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The working mechanism of CBO nanoflakes for the reduction of Cr(vi): (a) in the presence of visible light only, and (b) the combined effect of visible light and ultrasonic vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Khosya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Mohd Faraz
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
- Nanoscale Research Facility (NRF), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Neeraj Khare
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
- Nanoscale Research Facility (NRF), Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
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Ke C, Huang J, Liu S. Two-dimensional ferroelectric metal for electrocatalysis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3387-3393. [PMID: 34672306 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01556g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of metallicity and ferroelectricity has been an intriguing and controversial phenomenon as these two material properties are considered incompatible in bulk. We clarify the concept of the ferroelectric metal by revisiting the original definitions for ferroelectric and metal. Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics with out-of-plane polarization can be engineered via layer stacking to a genuine ferroelectric metal characterized by switchable polarization and non-zero density of states at the Fermi level. We demonstrate that 2D ferroelectric metals can serve as electrically-tunable, high-quality electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Ke
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shi Liu
- School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
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Lan Z, Småbråten DR, Xiao C, Vegge T, Aschauer U, Castelli IE. Enhancing Oxygen Evolution Reaction Activity by Using Switchable Polarization in Ferroelectric InSnO 2N. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyun Lan
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Didrik René Småbråten
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Chengcheng Xiao
- Departments of Materials and Physics, and the Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Tejs Vegge
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Ivano E. Castelli
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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