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Dapkekar AB, Satyanarayana G. Electrochemical selenofunctionalization of unactivated alkenes: access to β-hydroxy-selenides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1775-1781. [PMID: 38328950 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00105b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the electrochemical construction of 2-methyl-1-aryloxy-3-(arylselanyl)propan-2-ol/2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-(arylselanyl)propyl 2-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-(arylselanyl)propoxy)benzoate starting from aryl allyl ethers/allyl benzoates and diaryl diselenides under additive-free electrochemical conditions. This environmentally friendly method was achieved through constant current electrolysis in an undivided cell setup under acid, oxidant, or catalyst-free conditions. Additionally, this technique enabled the synthesis of a variety of β-hydroxy selenides including late-stage functionalization of drug derivatives in good to exceptional yields across various substrates under mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Balajirao Dapkekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
| | - Gedu Satyanarayana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH), Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502284, India.
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2
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Mondal K, Ghosh P, Hajra A. An Electrochemical Oxo-amination of 2H-Indazoles: Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Indazolylindazolones. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303890. [PMID: 38147010 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
We have established a supporting-electrolyte free electrochemical method for the synthesis of indazolylindazolones through oxygen reduction reaction (eORR) induced 1,3-oxo-amination of 2H-indazoles where 2H-indazole is used as both aminating agent as well as the precursor of indazolone. Moreover, we have merged indazolone and indazole to get unsymmetrical indazolylindazolones through direct electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC). This exogenous metal-, oxidant- and catalyst-free protocol delivered a number of multi-functionalized products with high tolerance of diverse functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Payel Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
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3
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Zeng L, Wang J, Wang D, Yi H, Lei A. Comprehensive Comparisons between Directing and Alternating Current Electrolysis in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309620. [PMID: 37606535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis has consistently aroused significant interest within both academic and industrial spheres. Despite the considerable progress achieved in this field, the majority of electrochemical transformations have been conducted through the utilization of direct-current (DC) electricity. In contrast, the application of alternating current (AC), characterized by its polarity-alternating nature, remains in its infancy within the sphere of organic synthesis, primarily due to the absence of a comprehensive theoretical framework. This minireview offers an overview of recent advancements in AC-driven organic transformations and seeks to elucidate the differences between DC and AC electrolytic methodologies by probing into their underlying physical principles. These differences encompass the ability of AC to preclude the deposition of metal catalysts, the precision in modulating oxidation and reduction intensities, and the mitigation of mass transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jianxing Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
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4
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Bandyopadhyay M, Bhadra S, Pathak S, Menon AM, Chopra D, Patra S, Escorihuela J, De S, Ganguly D, Bhadra S, Bera MK. An Atom-Economic Method for 1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives via Oxidative [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Harnessing the Power of Electrochemical Oxidation and Click Chemistry. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15772-15782. [PMID: 37924324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical method was developed to accomplish the reagentless synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted triazole derivatives employing secondary propargyl alcohol as C-3 synthon and sodium azide as cycloaddition counterpart. The reaction was conducted at room temperature in an undivided cell with a constant current using a pencil graphite (C) anode and stainless-steel cathode in a MeCN solvent system. The proposed reaction mechanism was convincingly established by carrying out a series of control experiments and further supported by electrochemical and density functional theory (DFT) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Bhadra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Swastik Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Anila M Menon
- Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, IISER Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Snehangshu Patra
- Sustainable Hydrogen for Valuable Applications (SHYVA), 23 Allee Gilbert Becaud, 34470 Perols, France
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Souradeep De
- School of Advanced Materials, Green Energy and Sensor Systems, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabani Ganguly
- Centre for Health Science and Technology (CHeST), JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research Kolkata, Saltlake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Bhadra
- Centre for Health Science and Technology (CHeST), JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research Kolkata, Saltlake, Kolkata 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Mrinal K Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103, West Bengal, India
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5
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Chen XW, Hou ZC, Chen C, Zhang LH, Chen ME, Zhang FM. Enantioselective total syntheses of six natural and two proposed meroterpenoids from Psoralea corylifolia. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5699-5704. [PMID: 37265714 PMCID: PMC10231314 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The first enantioselective total syntheses of six natural and two proposed meroterpenoids isolated from Psoralea corylifolia have been achieved in 7-9 steps from 2-methylcyclohexanone. The current synthetic approaches feature a high level of synthetic flexibility, stereodivergent fashion and short synthetic route, thereby providing a potential platform for the preparation of numerous this-type meroterpenoids and their pseudo-natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zi-Chao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ling-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Meng-En Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
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Qian BC, Zhu CZ, Shen GB. The Application of Sulfonyl Hydrazides in Electrosynthesis: A Review of Recent Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:39531-39561. [PMID: 36385900 PMCID: PMC9648049 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonyl hydrazides are viewed as alternatives to sulfinic acids and their salts or sulfonyl halides, which are broadly used in organic synthesis or work as active pharmaceutical substances. Generally, sulfonyl hydrazides are considered good building blocks and show powerful value in a diverse range of reactions to construct C-S bonds or C-C bonds, and even C-N bonds as sulfur, carbon, or nitrogen sources, respectively. As a profound synthetic tool, the electrosynthesis method was recently used to achieve efficient and green applications of sulfonyl hydrazides. Interestingly, many unique and novel electrochemical syntheses using sulfonyl hydrazides as radical precursors have been developed, including cascade reactions, functionalization of heterocycles, as well as a continuous flow method combining with electrochemical synthesis since 2017. Accordingly, it is necessary to specifically summarize the recent developments of electrosynthesis with only sulfonyl hydrazides as radical precursors to more deeply understand and better design novel electrochemical synthesis reactions. Herein, electrosynthesis research using sulfonyl hydrazides as radical precursors since 2017 is reviewed in detail based on the chemical structures of products and reaction mechanisms.
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Pollok D, Großmann LM, Behrendt T, Opatz T, Waldvogel SR. A General Electro‐Synthesis Approach to Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201523. [PMID: 35662286 PMCID: PMC9543536 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amaryllidaceae alkaloids appeal to organic chemists with their attractive structures and their impressive antitumor and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. We demonstrate a highly versatile access to this family of natural products. A general protocol with high yields in a sustainable electro‐organic key transformation on a metal‐free anode to spirodienones facilitates functionalization to the alkaloids. The biomimetic syntheses start with the readily available, inexpensive biogenic starting materials methyl gallate, O‐methyl tyramine, and vanillin derivatives. Through known dynamic resolutions, this technology provides access to both enantiomeric series of (epi‐)martidine, (epi‐)crinine, siculine, and galantamine, clinically prescribed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Pollok
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Luca M. Großmann
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Torsten Behrendt
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Siegfried R. Waldvogel
- Department of Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
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Electrocatalytic Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols: Straightforward Preparation of β-Aryl-Ketones. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis has been rapidly developing over the past few years. Here, we report a practical and eco-friendly electrocatalytic isomerization of allylic alcohols to their corresponding carbonyl compounds. This reaction can be carried out in undivided cells without the addition of external chemical oxidants and metal catalysts. Moreover, this reaction features a broad substrate scope including challenging allylic alcohols bearing tri- and tetra-substituted olefins and affords straightforward access to diverse β-aryl-ketones. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the reactions proceed through a radical process. This study represents a unique example in which electrochemistry enables hydrogen atom transfer in organic allylic alcohol substrates using a simple organocatalyst.
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Kumar D, Chaudhary D, Ishu K, Yadav S, Maurya NK, Kant R, Kuram MR. Copper-catalyzed cascade reaction of tryptamines with diazo compounds to access hexahydropyrroloindoline derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8610-8614. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01635d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A Cu-catalyzed cyclopropanation/ring-opening/iminium cyclization of tryptamine derivatives with donor–acceptor diazo compounds is developed to furnish pyrroloindolines, creating three consecutive stereogenic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Dhananjay Chaudhary
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Km Ishu
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Suman Yadav
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Malleswara Rao Kuram
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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