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Yang D, Tian G, Ma J. Triphenylamine-Based N,O-Bidentate BF 2 -Enolimine Initiator for Three-Arm Star Polymethacrylates with Dual-State Fluorescent Emission. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300624. [PMID: 37671791 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Three-arm star polymethacrylates with dual-phase (solution and solid-state) fluorescent emission have been synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a triphenylamine-derived organboron complex (TAPA-BKI-3Br) as initiator. The as-synthesized three-arm star polymethacrylates exhibited bright emission in both solution and the solid states due to the highly twisted structure and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect of TAPA-BKI core, as well as the steric effect and restriction of intramolecular motions from the polymer arms. And the polymer chains have an important influence on the photophysical behavior of the as-synthesized three-arm star polymethacrylates in the aggregated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Xi'an Key laboratory of Textile Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Guangming Tian
- Xi'an Key laboratory of Textile Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Xi'an Key laboratory of Textile Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, China
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2
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Rong S, Wang M, Wang X. Tunable Fluorescence from 2D Assemblies of LnW 10 and P 2 W 18 Polyoxometalates Clusters with Quaternary Ammonium-type AIEgens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310018. [PMID: 37551719 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) AIE-inorganic nanocomposites exhibit high stability and high fluorescence activity. However, limited by the types and properties of 2D inorganic materials, it's challenging to realize complex structures and functions. We designed a quaternary ammonium-type AIE ligand, TPECholine. We chose TPECholine and POM clusters as building blocks and synthesized a series of single-layer nanosheets (SLNSs) by assembling LnW10 or P2 W18 POM clusters with TPECholine. By regulating the types of POM clusters and ligands, the morphology and fluorescence intensity of the SLNSs can be finely tuned. Due to the restriction of the intramolecular motions of AIEgens by the SLNSs, nanosheets can exhibit promoted quantum yield (up to 76 %). In addition, thanks to the sub-nanometric sizes and excess surface charges, SLNSs exhibit excellent solvent compatibility, including water, chloroform, ethanol, etc. And the nanosheets showed high fluorescence intensity in these solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Rong
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mengshi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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3
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Wang L, Zhang C, Tang H, Cao D. A novel chromophore reaction-based pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY fluorescent probe for H 2S detection and its application in food spoilage. Food Chem 2023; 427:136591. [PMID: 37364314 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed an aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) active and NIR emissive pyrrolopyrrole aza-BODIPY (PPAB) polymer (P1) for H2S detection for the first time. P1 showed obvious colorimetric change from green to yellow-green and ratiometric fluorescence "turn on" phenomenon with 167 nm blue-shift (from dark red to bright green). The sensing mechanism revealed a novel chromophore reaction between imine in PPAB core and H2S was involved, leading to less conjugated product. It exhibited distinct advantages of good selectivity, high sensitivity, and low detection limit of 0.66 μM. The potential applicability of P1 for H2S detection in the real samples (tap water, lake water and milk) was demonstrated. In addition, the solid sensor prepared by loading P1 on the PMMA film was successfully realized the visual detection of gaseous H2S gas produced from egg spoilage. Therefore, this work provides a promising approach based on novel sensing mechanism for monitoring H2S in complicated biological systems and practical food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Chufeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Derong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510641, China
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4
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Seddiki I, N’Diaye BI, Skene WG. Survey of Recent Advances in Molecular Fluorophores, Unconjugated Polymers, and Emerging Functional Materials Designed for Electrofluorochromic Use. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073225. [PMID: 37049988 PMCID: PMC10096808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, recent advances that exploit the intrinsic emission of organic materials for reversibly modulating their intensity with applied potential are surveyed. Key design strategies that have been adopted during the past five years for developing such electrofluorochromic materials are presented, focusing on molecular fluorophores that are coupled with redox-active moieties, intrinsically electroactive molecular fluorophores, and unconjugated emissive organic polymers. The structural effects, main challenges, and strides toward addressing the limitations of emerging fluorescent materials that are electrochemically responsive are surveyed, along with how these can be adapted for their use in electrofluorochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilies Seddiki
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brelotte Idriss N’Diaye
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - W. G. Skene
- Laboratoire de Caractérisation Photophysique des Matériaux Conjugués Département de Chimie, Campus MIL, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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5
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Zhang P, Zhu Y, Xiao C, Chen X. Activatable dual-functional molecular agents for imaging-guided cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 195:114725. [PMID: 36754284 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Theranostics has attracted great attention due to its ability to combine the real-time diagnosis of cancers with efficient treatment modalities. Activatable dual-functional molecular agents could be synthesized by covalently conjugating imaging agents, therapeutic agents, stimuli-responsive linkers and/or targeting molecules together. They could be selectively activated by overexpressed physiological stimuli or external triggers at the tumor sites to release imaging agents and cytotoxic drugs, thus offering many advantages for tumor imaging and therapy, such as a high signal-to-noise ratio, low systemic toxicity, and improved therapeutic effects. This review summarizes the recent advances of dual-functional molecular agents that respond to various physiological or external stimuli for cancer theranostics. The molecular designs, synthetic strategies, activatable mechanisms, and biomedical applications of these molecular agents are elaborated, followed by a brief discussion of the challenges and opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers (Fudan University), Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yaowei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, PR China.
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China; Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun 130022, PR China.
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6
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Yang SY, Han AR, Choi JW, Kim KM, Kwon JS. Novel antibacterial and apatite forming restorative composite resin incorporated with hydrated calcium silicate. Biomater Res 2023; 27:25. [PMID: 36978203 PMCID: PMC10053114 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00364-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
White Portland cement is a calcium silicate material. It exhibits antibacterial properties and is biocompatible. In addition, calcium silicate-based materials are known to release calcium ions and form apatite. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel bioactive restorative resin composite with antibacterial and apatite forming properties to prevent tooth caries at the interface of teeth and restorative materials, by incorporation of hydrated calcium silicate (hCS) derived from white Portland cement.
Methods
To prepare the experimental composite resins, a 30 wt% light-curable resin matrix and 70 wt% filler, which was mixed with hCS and silanized glass powder were prepared in following concentrations: 0, 17.5, 35.0, and 52.5 wt% hCS filler. The depth of cure, flexural strength, water sorption, solubility, and antibacterial effect were tested. After immersion in artificial saliva solution for 15, 30, 60, and 90 days, ion concentration by ICP-MS and apatite formation using SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy and XRD from experimental specimens were analyzed.
Results
All experimental groups showed clinically acceptable depths of cure and flexural strength for the use as the restorative composite resin. Water sorption, solubility, released Ca and Si ions increased with the addition of hCS to the experimental composite resin. Experimental groups containing hCS showed greater antibacterial effects compared with the 0 wt% hCS filler group (p < 0.05). The 52.5 wt% hCS filler group produced precipitates mainly composed of Ca and P detected as hydroxyapatite after immersion in artificial saliva solution for 30, 60, and 90 days.
Conclusions
This results show that composite resins containing hCS filler is effective in antibacterial effects. hCS has also apatite formation ability for reducing gap size of microleakage by accumulating hydroxyapatite precipitates at the restoration-tooth interface. Therefore, novel composite resin containing hCS is promising bioactive resin because of its clinically acceptable physiochemical properties, antibacterial properties, and self-sealing potential for prevention of microleakage for longer usage of restorations.
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Xu J, Wang J, Bakr OM, Hadjichristidis N. Controlling the Fluorescence Performance of AIE Polymers by Controlling the Polymer Microstructure. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217418. [PMID: 36652122 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) polymers with expected emission wavelength/color and fluorescence efficiency are valuable in applications. However, most AIE polymers exhibit irregular emission wavelength/color changes compared to the original AIE monomers. Here, we report the synthesis of AIE polymers with unchanged emission wavelength by ring-opening (co)polymerizations of 4-(triphenylethenyl)phenoxymethyloxirane (TPEO) and other epoxides or phthalic anhydride. The chemical structures/physical properties of all (co)polymers were characterized by NMR, SEC, MALDI-TOF, and DSC. The co-polyether microstructures were revealed by calculating the reactivity ratios and visualized by Monte Carlo simulation. The photoluminescence quantum yields of all the (co)polymers were determined in the solid state. We systematically correlated the fluorescence performance with molecular weights, crystallinity, monomer compositions, glass transition temperatures, side lengths, and flexibility/rigidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiayi Wang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Huang H, Xie H, Zhang B, Xia W, Guo B. Multifunctional nanotheranostics for near infrared optical imaging-guided treatment of brain tumors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114536. [PMID: 36108792 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors, a heterogeneous group of primary and metastatic neoplasms in the central nervous system (CNS), are notorious for their highly invasive and devastating characteristics, dismal prognosis and low survival rate. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging modalities including fluorescence imaging (FLI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) have displayed bright prospect in innovation of brain tumor diagnoses, due to their merits, like noninvasiveness, high spatiotemporal resolution, good sensitivity and large penetration depth. Importantly, these imaging techniques have been widely used to vividly guide diverse brain tumor therapies in a real-time manner with high accuracy and efficiency. Herein, we provide a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art NIR contrast agents (CAs) for brain tumors single-modal imaging (e.g., FLI and PAI), dual-modal imaging (e.g., FLI/PAI, FLI/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PAI/MRI) and triple-modal imaging (e.g., MRI/FLI/PAI and MRI/PAI/computed tomography (CT) imaging). In addition, we update the most recent progress on the NIR optical imaging-guided therapies, like single-modal (e.g., photothermal therapy (PTT), chemotherapy, surgery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), gene therapy and gas therapy), dual-modal (e.g., PTT/chemotherapy, PTT/surgery, PTT/PDT, PDT/chemotherapy, PTT/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and PTT/gene therapy) and triple-modal (e.g., PTT/PDT/chemotherapy, PTT/PDT/surgery, PTT/PDT/gene therapy and PTT/gene/chemotherapy). Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of the CAs and nanotheranostics for future clinic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Baozhu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Chowdhury P, Banerjee A, Saha B, Bauri K, De P. Stimuli-Responsive Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE)-Active Polymers for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4207-4229. [PMID: 36054823 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
At high concentration or in the aggregated state, most of the traditional luminophores suffer from the general aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, which significantly limits their biomedical applications. On the contrary, a few fluorophores exhibit an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature which is just the opposite of ACQ. The luminophores with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) have exhibited noteworthy advantages to get tunable emission, excellent photostability, and biocompatibility. Incorporating AIEgens into polymer design has yielded diversified polymer systems with fascinating photophysical characteristics. Again, stimuli-responsive polymers are capable of undergoing chemical and/or physical property changes on receiving signals from single or multiple stimuli. The combination of the AIE property and stimuli responses in a single polymer platform provides a feasible and effective strategy for the development of smart polymers with promising biomedical applications. Herein, the advancements in stimuli-responsive polymers with AIE characteristics for biomedical applications are summarized. AIE-active polymers are first categorized into conventional π-π conjugated and nonconventional fluorophore systems and then subdivided based on various stimuli, such as pH, redox, enzyme, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and temperature. In each section, the design strategies of the smart polymers and their biomedical applications, including bioimaging, cancer theranostics, gene delivery, and antimicrobial examples, are introduced. The current challenges and future perspectives of this field are also stated at the end of this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pampa Chowdhury
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kamal Bauri
- Department of Chemistry, Raghunathpur College, Raghunathpur, 723133 Purulia, West Bengal, India
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
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Gao A, Han Q, Wang Q, Wan R, Wu H, Cao X. Bis-Pyridine-Based Organogel with AIE Effect and Sensing Performance towards Hg 2. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080464. [PMID: 35892723 PMCID: PMC9331886 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel gelator (1) based on a bis-pyridine derivative was designed and synthesized, which could form stable gels in methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, DMF/H2O (4/1, v/v) and DMSO/H2O (4/1, v/v). The self-assembly process of gelator 1 was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction and a water contact angle experiment. Gelator 1 exhibited obvious AIE behavior. On the base of its AIE, the gel of 1 could detect Hg2+, which resulted in fluorescence quenching and a gel–sol transition. 1H NMR titration experiments with Hg2+ revealed that the metal coordination interaction induced the fluorescence quenching and the breakdown of the noncovalent interaction in the gel system. This research provides a new molecular mode for designing a functional self-assembly gel system.
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Song J, He J, Hu J, Ma J, Jiang H, Hu S, Ye H, Xu L. A Universal Strategy for Producing Fluorescent Polymers Based on Designer Hyperbranched Polyethylene Ternary Copolymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Jie He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Huilei Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Shujie Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Huijian Ye
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China
| | - Lixin Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Pinghu Institute of Advanced Materials, Zhejiang University of Technology, Pinghu 314200, China
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