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Moein Najafabadi S, Safaei Ghomi J. Synthesis of COF-SO 3H immobilized on manganese ferrite nanoparticles as an efficient nanocomposite in the preparation of spirooxindoles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22731. [PMID: 38123668 PMCID: PMC10733289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49628-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of sulfonamide-functionalized magnetic porous nanocomposites is highly significant in chemistry due to their exceptional properties and potential as catalysts. COFs are a new class of organic porous polymers and have significant advantages such as low density, high chemical and thermal stability, and mechanical strength. Therefore, we decided to synthesize COFs based on magnetic nanoparticles, by doing so, we can also prevent the agglomeration of MnFe2O4. MnFe2O4@COF-SO3H possesses a large specific surface area, supermagnetism, and is acidic, making it an optimal catalyst for organic reactions. This particular catalyst was effectively employed in the green and rapid synthesis of various spiro-pyrano chromenes, while several analytical techniques were utilized to analyze its structural integrity and functional groups. The role of a specific site of MnFe2O4@COF-SO3H was confirmed through different control experiments in a one-pot reaction mechanism. It was determined that MnFe2O4@COF-SO3H acts as a bifunctional acid-base catalyst in the one-pot preparation of spirooxindole derivatives. The formation of a spiro skeleton in the multicomponent reaction involved the construction of three new σ bonds (one C-O bond and two C-C bonds) within a single process. The efficiency of the MnFe2O4@COF-SO3H complex is investigated in the synthesis of spirooxindoles of malononitrile, and various isatins with 1,3-dicarbonyles. The nanocatalyst demonstrated excellent catalytic activity that gave the corresponding coupling products good to excellent yields. Furthermore, the heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst used in this study demonstrated recoverability after five cycles with minimal loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Moein Najafabadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Javad Safaei Ghomi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Saini S, Saini P, Kumar K, Sethi M, Meena P, Gurjar A, Dandia A, Dhuria T, Parewa V. Unlocking the Molecular Behavior of Natural Amine-Targeted Carbon Quantum Dots for the Synthesis of Diverse Pharmacophore Scaffolds via an Unusual Nanoaminocatalytic Route. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:49083-49094. [PMID: 37819203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have significant catalytic potential, only emblematic applications that rely on simple acid-base or hydrogen-bonding activation pathways have been reported. In this study, natural amine-targeted CQDs (NAT-CQDs) have been successfully fabricated using a sustainable technique that harnesses a renewable green source. Based on a holistic sustainable assessment, the present approach for the synthesis of NAT-CQDs surpasses previously reported methods in terms of estimated circular and good-manufacturing-practice metrics. A set of spectroscopic and analytical techniques, including FTIR, XPS, conductometric assay, pH titration, 19FNMR, and 13CNMR confirms the presence of the assessable amino-rich groups (0.0083N) at the surface of NAT-CQDs. The occurrence of surface amine groups unlocked the molecular behavior of as-prepared NAT-CQDs and makes them an unprecedented nanoaminocatalytic platform for the synthesis of diverse pharmacophore scaffolds (>40 examples) via a one-pot Knoevenagel/(aza) Michael addition reaction in water at room temperature. The assessable amine group can covalently activate carbonyl groups through nucleophilic iminium activation modes in water and facilitate the ability to build valuable and therapeutic scaffolds on a gram scale. By transferring significant molecular primacy at the frontier of nanoscale materials, NAT-CQDs can thus bridge the gap between the nanoscale and molecular domains. This protocol can also be applied for the preparation of therapeutic anticoagulant drugs, warfarin, and coumachlor. All the reactions exhibited a high atom economy, low E-factor, low process mass intensity (PMI), high reaction mass efficiency (RME), high carbon efficiency (CE), and high catalyst reusability with overall high sustainable values. NAT-CQDs show high recyclability, and the spectral data of reused catalysts indicate that the NAT-CQDs maintained their surface chemistry and electronic properties, suggesting their stability under the tested conditions. This study presents a remarkable instance of NAT-CQDs showcasing covalent catalysis. Expanding on the aforementioned design concept, the utilization of NAT-CQDs' "potential" as distinct colloidal organocatalysts in aqueous environments at the molecular level introduces valuable prospects for aminocatalytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Pratibha Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
- Institute Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Mukul Sethi
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Priyanka Meena
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Aditya Gurjar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Tanya Dhuria
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
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Meena S, Sethi M, Meena S, Saini P, Kumar K, Saini S, Shekhawat S, Meena ML, Dandia A, Lin SD, Parewa V. Dopant-driven recombination delay and ROS enhancement in nanoporous Cd 1-xCu xS heterogeneous photocatalyst for the degradation of DR-23 dye under visible light irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116181. [PMID: 37207730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Developing an efficient heterogeneous photocatalyst for environmental remediation and treatment strategies using visible light harvesting processes is promising but challenging. Herein, Cd1-xCuxS materials have been synthesized and characterized by precise analytical tools. Cd1-xCuxS materials exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for direct Red 23 (DR-23) dye degradation in visible light irradiation. The operational parameters, like dopant concentration, photocatalyst dose, pH, and initial concentration of dye were investigated during the process. The photocatalytic degradation process follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. As compared to other tested materials, 5% Cu doped CdS material revealed superior photocatalytic performance for the degradation of DR-23 (k = 13.96 × 10-3 min-1). Transient absorption spectroscopy, EIS, PL, and transient photocurrent indicated that adding copper to the CdS matrix improved the separation of photo-generated charge carriers by lowering the recombination rate. Spin-trapping experiments recognized the photodegradation primarily based on secondary redox products, i.e., hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. According to by Mott-Schottky curves, photocatalytic mechanism and photo-generated charge carrier density were elucidated regarding dopant-induced valence and conduction bands shifting. Thermodynamic probability of radical formation in line with the altered redox potentials by Cu doping has been discussed in the mechanism. The identification of intermediates by mass spectrometry study also showed a plausible breakdown mechanism for DR-23. Moreover, samples treated with nanophotocatalyst displayed excellent results when tested for water quality metrics such as DO, TDS, BOD, and COD. Developed nanophotocatalyst shows high recyclability with superior heterogeneous nature. 5% Cu-doped CdS also exhibit strong photocatalytic activity for the degradation of colourless pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) under visible light (k = 8.45 × 10-3 min-1). The results of this study offer exciting opportunities to alter semiconductors' electronic band structures for visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity for wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Meena
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Mukul Sethi
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Swati Meena
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Pratibha Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, Humboldt Str 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Sumita Shekhawat
- Department of Physics, Kanoria PG Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Jaipur, India
| | - Mohan Lal Meena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Shawn D Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
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Khalaj M, Taherkhani M, Payen L, Klein A. A Sulfonic Acid Polyvinyl Pyridinium Ionic Liquid Catalyzes the Multi-Component Synthesis of Spiro-indoline-3,5'-pyrano[2,3- d]-pyrimidines and -Pyrazines. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093663. [PMID: 37175073 PMCID: PMC10180120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A sulfonated poly-4-vinyl pyridinium (PVPy-IL-B-SO3H) containing an acidic pyridinium/HSO3- ionic liquid moiety was prepared and used as a catalyst for the three-component reaction of malononitrile with 1-alkylindoline-2,3-diones and 1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione or methyl 5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate, leading to methyl 6'-amino-5'-cyano-2-oxo-2'H-spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole]-3'-carboxylates or -3,4'-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine]-6'-carbonitrile derivatives under ultrasonic irradiation conditions. The solid catalyst allows easy separation, is cheap, produces high yields under mild conditions, and does not require column chromatography for product isolation and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Khalaj
- Department of Chemistry, Buinzahra Branch, Islamic Azad University, Buinzahra 1477893855, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Taherkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan 3481949479, Iran
| | - Leo Payen
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 6, 50939 Köln, Germany
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Green Synthesis of Spirooxindoles via Lipase-Catalyzed One-Pot Tandem Reaction in Aqueous Media. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of non-natural enzymatic catalysis is important for multicomponent tandem organic transformations. However, the delicate acting environments of biological enzymes still present some challenges in the synthesis of spirooxindole skeleton via enzymatic catalysis. To address these issues, a lipase-catalyzed method was developed for the synthesis of spirooxindole frameworks. Using easily available isatins, cycloketones, and malononitriles as substrates, mild reaction conditions, and a reasonable reaction time, moderate to good yields (67–92%) and excellent functional group tolerance were accomplished via this protocol. The related mechanism explanation is also speculated in this paper.
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Novel Spiro-pyrrolizidine-Oxindole and Spiropyrrolidine-Oxindoles: Green synthesis Under Classical, Ultrasonic, and Microwave Conditions and Molecular Docking Simulation for antitumor and type 2 diabetes. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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