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Aung HT, Saw KT, Latt MM, Vidari G, Komori Y, Takaya Y. Lignans and coumarins from the stem bark of Alyxia fascicularis (Wall. ex G. Don) Benth. ex Hook. f.). Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1616-1623. [PMID: 36441218 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2151010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the first phytochemical investigation of specialized metabolites from the stem bark of Alyxia fascicularis, which is used in different traditional medicines, including those of Myanmar and China, five lignans (1-5) and three coumarins (6-8) were isolated by semipreparative HPLC separations and identified mainly by 1D and 2D NMR spectral analysis. The radical scavenging activity of isolated compounds was tested using the DPPH method. Noteworthy, most lignans exhibited antiradical effects comparable to vitamin C and gallic acid. Instead, compounds 1-8 showed no cytotoxic effect on Hela cell line. A possible biosynthetic pathway to enantiomeric 3 and 4 is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnin Thanda Aung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mandalay, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Khin Thidar Saw
- Department of Chemistry, Myitkyina University, Myitkyina, Myanmar
| | - Mi Mi Latt
- Department of Chemistry, Monywa University, Monywa, Myanmar
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Yumiko Komori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
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2
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Al Ashmawy AZG, Balata GF. Formulation and in vitro characterization of nanoemulsions containing remdesivir or licorice extract: A potential subcutaneous injection for coronavirus treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 234:113703. [PMID: 38096607 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The management of coronavirus necessitates that medicines are available, reasonably priced, and easy to administer. The work aimed at formulating and characterizing remdesivir and licorice extract nanoemulsions and comparing their efficacy against coronavirus for further subcutaneous injection. First, the solubility of remdesivir was determined in different oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants to choose the optimal nanoemulsion components. Nanoemulsions were optimized concerning surfactant: co-surfactant ratio (5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1) and oil to surfactant: co-surfactant ratio (1:9, 1:8, 1:7, 1:6, 1:5, 1:4, 1:3, 1:2, and 1:1). The formulations were evaluated concerning % transmittance, emulsification time, pH, viscosity, droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug content, transmission electron microscopy, in-vitro drug release, stability (of the optimal formulas), and antiviral effect against coronavirus. The optimal nanoemulsion formula was F7, exhibiting an acceptable pH level, a rapid emulsification rate, a viscosity of 20 cP, and 100% drug content. The formulation droplet size was 16 and 17 nm, the polydispersity index was 0.18 and 0.26, and the zeta potential was - 6.29 and - 10.34 mV for licorice extract and remdesivir nanoemulsions, respectively. However, licorice extract nanoemulsion exhibited better release and physical stability. Licorice extract nanoemulsion may be a potential subcutaneous injection for combating mild to moderate coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Zahraa G Al Ashmawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt.
| | - Gehan F Balata
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
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3
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Gökalp F. An investigation into the usage of black cumin derivatives against cancer and COVID-19 as the nature medicine. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38197611 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2302942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Black cumin has been used as a spice and food preservative for years. Thymol, thymoquinone, thymohydroquinone and dihydrothymoquinone are the most important natural agents in black cumin. In order to determine the most active compound in black cumin the theoretical calculations have been carried out in different phases by using the density functional theory (DFT). The inhibition effect of black cumin derivatives on Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) has been determined and supported the experimental studies without losing time and matter. The chemical activity, stability and solubility of the active substances in black cumin have been theoretically calculated. The chemical active compounds had been investigated in the black seeds when extracted with water. Their stability and polarity in blood and water are important parameters. HDAC2- dihydrothymoquinone interaction has been investigated. It has been determined that the active substances found in black cumin are very effective in protecting ACE2 against COVID-19 and by comparing the docking results of important receptors and selected ligands on COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faik Gökalp
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Education Faculty, Kırıkkale University, Yahşihan, Kırıkkale, Turkey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
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4
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Abdelhafez OH, Abdel-Rahman IM, Alaaeldin E, Refaat H, El-Sayed R, Al-Harbi SA, Shawky AM, Hegazy MEF, Moustafa AY, Shady NH. Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Epi-Obtusane against Cervical Cancer: Nano Formulation, In Silico Molecular Docking, and Pharmacological Network Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1578. [PMID: 38004443 PMCID: PMC10674245 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major disease that threatens human health all over the world. Intervention and prevention in premalignant processes are successful ways to prevent cancer from striking. On the other hand, the marine ecosystem is a treasure storehouse of promising bioactive metabolites. The use of such marine products can be optimized by selecting a suitable nanocarrier. Therefore, epi-obtusane, previously isolated from Aplysia oculifera, was investigated for its potential anticancer effects toward cervical cancer through a series of in vitro assays in HeLa cells using the MTT assay method. Additionally, the sesquiterpene was encapsulated within a liposomal formulation (size = 130.8 ± 50.3, PDI = 0.462, zeta potential -12.3 ± 2.3), and the antiproliferative potential of epi-obtusane was investigated against the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa before and after encapsulation with liposomes. Epi-obtusane exhibited a potent effect against the HeLa cell line, while the formulated molecule with liposomes increased the in vitro antiproliferative activity. Additionally, cell cycle arrest analysis, as well as the apoptosis assay, performed via FITC-Annexin-V/propidium iodide double staining (flow cytofluorimetry), were carried out. The pharmacological network enabled us to deliver further insights into the mechanism of epi-obtusane, suggesting that STAT3 might be targeted by the compound. Moreover, molecular docking showed a comparable binding score of the isolated compound towards the STAT3 SH2 domain. The targets possess an anticancer effect through the endometrial cancer pathway, regulation of DNA templated transcription, and nitric oxide synthase, as mentioned by the KEGG and ShinyGo 7.1 databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Hesham Abdelhafez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Islam M. Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New-Minia 61111, Egypt;
| | - Eman Alaaeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Hesham Refaat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA;
| | - Refat El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24231, Saudi Arabia; (R.E.-S.); (S.A.A.-H.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Sami A. Al-Harbi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24231, Saudi Arabia; (R.E.-S.); (S.A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Alaa Y. Moustafa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt;
| | - Nourhan Hisham Shady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
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Vijay B, Diwan B, Devkumar P, Shankar P, Vishnuprasad CN, Singh G, Kataria D, Shankar D. Nasal application of sesame oil-based Anu taila as 'biological mask' for respiratory health during COVID-19. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100773. [PMID: 37660545 PMCID: PMC10692365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This article narrates the potential role of sesame oil-based Anu taila for respiratory health and the prevention of COVID-19. Ayurveda recommends the use of sesame oil and A. taila as a part of daily routine (dinacharya) for oral gargling and transnasal application (Nasya) for preventing upper respiratory tract infections. Recent studies on COVID-19 have elucidated the activity of certain fatty acids in restricting viral binding. Based on the evidence gathered from in-silico, pre-clinical, and pharmacological studies as well as references from classical textbooks of Ayurveda, this article infers that the transnasal application of sesame oil and/or A. taila could provide resilience/protection to the respiratory system. It can act as a 'biological mask' to prevent respiratory infections like COVID-19. Detailed pharmacological study can give fuller confirmation of our informed "inference" that A. taila offers a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of COVID-19 like infections of the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Vijay
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Batul Diwan
- Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Poornima Devkumar
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Prasan Shankar
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Chethala N Vishnuprasad
- Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India.
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepshikha Kataria
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India; Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, F4, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Darshan Shankar
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
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Micek A, Bolesławska I, Jagielski P, Konopka K, Waśkiewicz A, Witkowska AM, Przysławski J, Godos J. Association of dietary intake of polyphenols, lignans, and phytosterols with immune-stimulating microbiota and COVID-19 risk in a group of Polish men and women. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1241016. [PMID: 37599696 PMCID: PMC10436747 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1241016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Devastating consequences of COVID-19 disease enhanced the role of promoting prevention-focused practices. Among targeted efforts, diet is regarded as one of the potential factors which can affect immune function and optimal nutrition is postulated as the method of augmentation of people's viral resistance. As epidemiological evidence is scarce, the present study aimed to explore the association between dietary intake of total polyphenols, lignans and plant sterols and the abundance of immunomodulatory gut microbiota such as Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli and the risk of developing COVID-19 disease. Methods Demographic data, dietary habits, physical activity as well as the composition of body and gut microbiota were analyzed in a sample of 95 young healthy individuals. Dietary polyphenol, lignan and plant sterol intakes have been retrieved based on the amount of food consumed by the participants, the phytochemical content was assessed in laboratory analysis and using available databases. Results For all investigated polyphenols and phytosterols, except campesterol, every unit increase in the tertile of intake category was associated with a decrease in the odds of contracting COVID-19. The risk reduction ranged from several dozen percent to 70 %, depending on the individual plant-based chemical, and after controlling for basic covariates it was statistically significant for secoisolariciresinol (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.61), total phytosterols (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22-0.95) and for stigmasterols (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14-0.72). We found an inverse association between increased β-sitosterol intake and phytosterols in total and the occurrence of Escherichia coli in stool samples outside reference values, with 72% (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08-0.86) and 66% (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.10-1.08) reduced odds of abnormal level of bacteria for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of phytochemical consumption. Additionally, there was a trend of more frequent presence of Enterococcus spp. at relevant level in people with a higher intake of lariciresinol. Conclusion The beneficial effects of polyphenols and phytosterols should be emphasized and these plant-based compounds should be regarded in the context of their utility as antiviral agents preventing influenza-type infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Micek
- Statistical Laboratory, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Konopka
- Department of Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Waśkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Khalifa M, Fahim JR, Allam AE, Shoman ME, El Zawily A, Kamel MS, Shimizu K, Attia EZ. Studies on the Nonalkaloidal Secondary Metabolites of Hippeastrum vittatum (L'Her.) Herb. Bulbs. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26749-26761. [PMID: 37546665 PMCID: PMC10398848 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen chemically varied metabolites were isolated from the bulbs of Hippeastrum vittatum (L'Her.) Herb., including eight flavonoids [3'-methyl isoliquiritigenin (2), 7-hydroxyflavan (8), 7-hydroxyflavanone (9), 7-hydroxyflavan-3-ol (10), 7-methoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxyflavan-3-ol (11), 7-hydroxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy flavan (12), 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxychalcone (13), and isoliquiritigenin (14)], four acetophenones [2,6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone (3), 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (4), 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methylacetophenone (6), and 2,4,6-trimethoxyacetophenone (7)], two alkaloids [lycorine (1) and narciprimine (15)], one phenol derivative [p-nitrophenol (5)], and one steroid [β-sitosterol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside (16)]. Their structures were elucidated by combining one- and two-dimensional NMR and ESI-MS techniques and by comparison with the reported literature data and some authentic samples. Except for lycorine (1), the isolated metabolites were obtained herein for the first time from Hippeastrum plants, among which compound 13 was identified as a new chalcone derivative. Additionally, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the total ethanol extract and different fractions of the bulbs were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively, whereas their antioxidant potential was compared using the phosphomolybdenum and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. Finally, the binding affinities of compounds 1-16 to some key target proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), namely, main protease (Mpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), were screened and compared using molecular docking analysis. The possible chemotaxonomic significance of the identified metabolites was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa
Fathy Khalifa
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia
University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - John Refaat Fahim
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia
University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Allam
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar
University, 71524 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mai E. Shoman
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Amr El Zawily
- Department
of Plant and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, 22511 Damanhour, Egypt
- Department
of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1324, United
States
| | - Mohamed Salah Kamel
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia
University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department
of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and
Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, 819-0395 Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eman Zekry Attia
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia
University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
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Xu Y, Huang Z, Wu G, Jin F, Lin S, Zhang C, Zheng J, Liu W, Hou J, Lu YJ. Bioinformatic assay reveal the potential mechanism of Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction against rheumatoid arthritis and mild-to-moderate COVID-19. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 238:107584. [PMID: 37207464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) than healthy population, but there is still no therapeutic strategy available for RA patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction (GSZD), Chinese ancient experience decoction, has a significant effect on the treatment of Rheumatism and gout. To prevent RA patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 from developing into severe COVID-19, this study explored the potential possibility and mechanism of GSZD in the treatment of this population. METHODS In this study, we used bioinformatic approaches to explore common pharmacological targets and signaling pathways between RA and mild-to-moderate COVID-19, and to assess the potential mechanisms of in the treatment of patients with both diseases. Beside, molecular docking was used to explore the molecular interactions between GSZD and SARS-CoV-2 related proteins. RESULTS Results showed that 1183 common targets were found in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and RA, of which TNF was the most critical target. The crosstalk signaling pathways of the two diseases focused on innate immunity and T cells pathways. In addition, GSZD intervened in RA and mild-to-moderate COVID-19 mainly by regulating inflammation-related signaling pathways and oxidative stress. Twenty hub compounds in GSZD exhibited good binding potential to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, 3C-like protease (3CLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), papain-like protease (PLpro) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), thereby intervening in viral infection, replication and transcription. CONCLUSIONS This finding provides a therapeutic option for RA patients against mild-to-moderate COVID-19, but further clinical validation is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Xu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zebin Huang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangping Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fujun Jin
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuojia Lin
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University and Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Jinqiang Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University and Thunder Bay Regional Health Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, 99 Taoyuan East Road, Shishan, District, Foshan 528225 China.
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Refaat Fahim J, Darwish AG, El Zawily A, Wells J, Abourehab MA, Yehia Desoukey S, Zekry Attia E. Exploring the volatile metabolites of three Chorisia species: Comparative headspace GC–MS, multivariate chemometrics, chemotaxonomic significance, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:706-726. [PMID: 37181141 PMCID: PMC10172601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chorisia (syn. Ceiba) species are important ornamental, economic, and medicinal plants that are endowed with a diversity of secondary metabolites; however, their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been scarcely studied. Therefore, this work explores and compares the headspace floral volatiles of three common Chorisia species, namely Chorisia chodatii Hassl., Chorisia speciosa A. St.-Hil, and Chorisia insignis H.B.K. for the first time. A total of 112 VOCs of varied biosynthetic origins were identified at different qualitative and quantitative ratios, encompassing isoprenoids, fatty acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids, and others. Flowers of the investigated species showed perceptibly differentiated volatile profiles, with those emitted by C. insignis being dominated by non-oxygenated compounds (56.69 %), whereas oxygenated derivatives prevailed among the volatiles of C. chodatii (66.04 %) and C. speciosa (71.53 %). The variable importance in the projection (VIP) in the partial least-squares-discriminant (PLS-DA) analysis described 25 key compounds among the studied species, of which linalool was verified as the most important aroma compound based on VIP values and significance analysis, and it could represent the most typical VOC among these Chorisia species. Furthermore, molecular docking and dynamics analyses of both the major and the key VOCs displayed their moderate to promising binding interactions with four main proteins of SARS-CoV-2, including Mpro, PLpro, RdRp, and spike S1 subunit RBD. The current results collectively cast new light on the chemical diversity of the VOCs of Chorisia plants as well as their chemotaxonomic and biological relevance.
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10
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Li X, Liu S, Zeng J, Cai R, Li C, Chen B, Chen D. Laccase catalyses phytophenol furanocyclic dimerization: Substrate specificity and diastereoselective process. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen TH, Tsai MJ, Chang CS, Xu L, Fu YS, Weng CF. The exploration of phytocompounds theoretically combats SARS-CoV-2 pandemic against virus entry, viral replication and immune evasion. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:42-54. [PMID: 36470006 PMCID: PMC9675089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) that emerged in China, is an extremely contagious and pathogenic viral infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has sparked a global pandemic. The few and limited availability of approved therapeutic agents or vaccines is of great concern. Urgently, Remdesivir, Nirmatrelvir, Molnupiravir, and some phytochemicals including polyphenol, flavonoid, alkaloid, and triterpenoid are applied to develop as repurposing drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 invasion. METHODS This study was conducted to perform molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) analysis of the potential phytocompounds and repurposing drugs against three targets of SARS-CoV-2 proteins (RNA dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp, Endoribonclease, S-protein of ACE2-RBD). RESULTS The docking data illustrated Arachidonic acid, Rutin, Quercetin, and Curcumin were highly bound with coronavirus polyprotein replicase and Ebolavirus envelope protein. Furthermore, anti- Ebolavirus molecule Remedesivir, anti-HIV molecule Chloroquine, and Darunavir were repurposed with coronavirus polyprotein replicase as well as Ebolavirus envelope protein. The strongest binding interaction of each targets are Rutin with RdRp, Endoribonclease with Amentoflavone, and ACE2-RBD with Epigallocatechin gallate. CONCLUSIONS Taken altogether, these results shed a light on that phytocompounds have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 may base on multi-target effects or cocktail formulation for blocking viral infection through invasion/activation, transcription/reproduction, and posttranslational cleavage to battle COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsu Chen
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Neurological Institute, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Sheng Chang
- Department of biotechnology and food technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Yungkang City 701, Taiwan
| | - Linxi Xu
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China,Corresponding author
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Functional Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China,Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China,Corresponding author
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12
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Giannetti M, Mazzuca C, Ripani G, Palleschi A. Inspection on the Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 Inhibition by Penciclovir: A Molecular Dynamic Study. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010191. [PMID: 36615385 PMCID: PMC9821970 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, humanity has had to face a critical pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2. In the rapid search for effective drugs against this RNA-positive virus, the repurposing of already existing nucleotide/nucleoside analogs able to stop RNA replication by inhibiting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme has been evaluated. In this process, a valid contribution has been the use of in silico experiments, which allow for a rapid evaluation of the possible effectiveness of the proposed drugs. Here we propose a molecular dynamic study to provide insight into the inhibition mechanism of Penciclovir, a nucleotide analog on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme. Besides the presented results, in this article, for the first time, molecular dynamic simulations have been performed considering not only the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase protein, but also its cofactors (fundamental for RNA replication) and double-strand RNA.
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13
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Lammari N, Louaer M, Louaer O, Bensouici C, Zermane A, Elaissari A, Meniai AH. Nanoparticles encapsulating sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum) oil: Physicochemical, antioxidant and enzymatic inhibition properties. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Targeting Natural Plant Metabolites for Hunting SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 Variant Inhibitors: Extraction, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and Physicochemical Properties Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5028-5047. [PMID: 36286057 PMCID: PMC9600405 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 is the most common variation found in most countries and is responsible for 99% of cases in the United States. To overcome this challenge, there is an urgent need to discover effective inhibitors to prevent the emerging BA.1 variant. Natural products, particularly flavonoids, have had widespread success in reducing COVID-19 prevalence. (2) Methods: In the ongoing study, fifteen compounds were annotated from Echium angustifolium and peach (Prunus persica), which were computationally analyzed using various in silico techniques. Molecular docking calculations were performed for the identified phytochemicals to investigate their efficacy. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations over 200 ns followed by molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area calculations (MM/PBSA) were performed to estimate the binding energy. Bioactivity was also calculated for the best components in terms of drug likeness and drug score. (3) Results: The data obtained from the molecular docking study demonstrated that five compounds exhibited remarkable potency, with docking scores greater than −9.0 kcal/mol. Among them, compounds 1, 2 and 4 showed higher stability within the active site of Omicron BA.1, with ΔGbinding values of −49.02, −48.07, and −67.47 KJ/mol, respectively. These findings imply that the discovered phytoconstituents are promising in the search for anti-Omicron BA.1 drugs and should be investigated in future in vitro and in vivo research.
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15
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Tirado-Kulieva VA, Hernández-Martínez E, Choque-Rivera TJ. Phenolic compounds versus SARS-CoV-2: An update on the main findings against COVID-19. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10702. [PMID: 36157310 PMCID: PMC9484857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 remains an international concern. Although there are drugs to fight it, new natural alternatives such as polyphenols are essential due to their antioxidant activity and high antiviral potential. In this context, this review reports the main findings on the effect of phenolic compounds (PCs) against SARS-CoV-2 virus. First, the proven activity of PCs against different human viruses is briefly detailed, which serves as a starting point to study their anti-COVID-19 potential. SARS-CoV-2 targets (its proteins) are defined. Findings from in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies of a wide variety of phenolic compounds are shown, emphasizing their mechanism of action, which is fundamental for drug design. Furthermore, clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of PCs in the prevention and as a possible therapeutic management against COVID-19. The results were complemented with information on the influence of polyphenols in strengthening/modulating the immune system. It is recommended to investigate compounds such as vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, triterpenes and fatty acids, and their synergistic use with PCs, many of which have been successful against SARS-CoV-2. Based on findings on other viruses, synergistic evaluation of PCs with accepted drugs against COVID-19 is also suggested. Other recommendations and limitations are also shown, which is useful for professionals involved in the development of efficient, safe and low-cost therapeutic strategies based on plant matrices rich in PCs. To the authors' knowledge, this manuscript is the first to evaluate the relationship between the antiviral and immunomodulatory (including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects) activity of PCs and their underlying mechanisms in relation to the fight against COVID-19. It is also of interest for the general population to be informed about the importance of consuming foods rich in bioactive compounds for their health benefits. Phenolic compounds are known for their high potential against various human viruses. Phenolic compounds also have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. Medicinal plants used against COVID-19 are rich in phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds interfere with the activity of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. A wide variety of food products with high polyphenolic content are presented.
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16
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Antonopoulou I, Sapountzaki E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. The Inhibitory Potential of Ferulic Acid Derivatives against the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and ADMET Evaluation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081787. [PMID: 35892687 PMCID: PMC9329733 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is an appealing target for the development of antiviral compounds, due to its critical role in the viral life cycle and its high conservation among different coronaviruses and the continuously emerging mutants of SARS-CoV-2. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phytochemical with several health benefits that is abundant in plant biomass and has been used as a basis for the enzymatic or chemical synthesis of derivatives with improved properties, including antiviral activity against a range of viruses. This study tested 54 reported FA derivatives for their inhibitory potential against Mpro by in silico simulations. Molecular docking was performed using Autodock Vina, resulting in comparable or better binding affinities for 14 compounds compared to the known inhibitors N3 and GC376. ADMET analysis showed limited bioavailability but significantly improved the solubility for the enzymatically synthesized hits while better bioavailability and druglikeness properties but higher toxicity were observed for the chemically synthesized ones. MD simulations confirmed the stability of the complexes of the most promising compounds with Mpro, highlighting FA rutinoside and compound e27 as the best candidates from each derivative category.
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Gao K, Wang R, Chen J, Cheng L, Frishcosy J, Huzumi Y, Qiu Y, Schluckbier T, Wei X, Wei GW. Methodology-Centered Review of Molecular Modeling, Simulation, and Prediction of SARS-CoV-2. Chem Rev 2022; 122:11287-11368. [PMID: 35594413 PMCID: PMC9159519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts in the past two years, our understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), virus-host interactions, immune response, virulence, transmission, and evolution is still very limited. This limitation calls for further in-depth investigation. Computational studies have become an indispensable component in combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to their low cost, their efficiency, and the fact that they are free from safety and ethical constraints. Additionally, the mechanism that governs the global evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be revealed from individual experiments and was discovered by integrating genotyping of massive viral sequences, biophysical modeling of protein-protein interactions, deep mutational data, deep learning, and advanced mathematics. There exists a tsunami of literature on the molecular modeling, simulations, and predictions of SARS-CoV-2 and related developments of drugs, vaccines, antibodies, and diagnostics. To provide readers with a quick update about this literature, we present a comprehensive and systematic methodology-centered review. Aspects such as molecular biophysics, bioinformatics, cheminformatics, machine learning, and mathematics are discussed. This review will be beneficial to researchers who are looking for ways to contribute to SARS-CoV-2 studies and those who are interested in the status of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifu Gao
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Rui Wang
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Limei Cheng
- Clinical
Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Bristol
Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08536, United States
| | - Jaclyn Frishcosy
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Yuta Huzumi
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Yuchi Qiu
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Tom Schluckbier
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Xiaoqi Wei
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department
of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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18
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Wahab GA, Aboelmaaty WS, Lahloub MF, Sallam A. In vitro and in silico studies of SARS-CoV-2 main protease M pro inhibitors isolated from Helichrysum bracteatum. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18412-18424. [PMID: 35799933 PMCID: PMC9214608 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01213h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovering SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors from natural sources is still a target that has captured the interest of many researchers. In this study, the compounds (1-18) present in the methanolic extract of Helichrysum bracteatum were isolated, identified, and their in vitro inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) was evaluated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay (FRET-based assay). Based on 1D and 2D spectroscopic techniques, compounds (1-18) were identified as 24-β-ethyl-cholesta-5(6),22(23),25(26)-triene-3-ol (1), α-amyrin (2), linoleic acid (3), 24-β-ethyl-cholesta-5(6),22(23),25(26)-triene-3-O-β-d-glucoside (4), 1,3-propanediol-2-amino-1-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl) (5), (-)-(7R,8R,8'R)-acuminatolide (6), (+)-piperitol (7), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8,3'-dimethoxy flavanone (8), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxy flavanone (9), 4',5-dihydroxy-3',7,8-trimethoxyflavone (10), 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5',8-tetramethoxy flavone (11), 1,3-propanediol-2-amino-1-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl) (12), 3',5',5,7-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone (13), simplexoside (piperitol-O-β-d-glucoside) (14), pinoresinol monomethyl ether-β-d-glucoside (15), orientin (16), luteolin-3'-O-β-d-glucoside (17), and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (18). Compounds 6, 12, and 14 showed comparable inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with IC50 values of 0.917 ± 0.05, 0.476 ± 0.02, and 0.610 ± 0.03 μM, respectively, compared with the control lopinavir with an IC50 value of 0.225 ± 0.01 μM. The other tested compounds showed considerable inhibitory activities. The molecular docking study for the tested compounds was carried out to correlate their binding modes and affinities for the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro enzyme with the in vitro results. Analyzing the results of the in vitro assay together with the obtained in silico results led to the conclusion that phenylpropanoids, lignans, and flavonoids could be considered suitable drug leads for developing anti-COVID-19 therapeutics. Moreover, the phenylpropanoid skeleton oxygenated at C3, C4 of the phenyl moiety and at C1, C3 of the propane parts constitute an essential core of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors, and thus could be proposed as a scaffold for the design of new anti-COVID-19 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad Abdel Wahab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +20502247496 +201092017949
| | - Walaa S Aboelmaaty
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +20502247496 +201092017949
| | - Mohamed Farid Lahloub
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +20502247496 +201092017949
| | - Amal Sallam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt +20502247496 +201092017949
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19
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Characterization of Promising Cytotoxic Metabolites from Tabebuia guayacan Hemsl.: Computational Prediction and In Vitro Testing. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11070888. [PMID: 35406868 PMCID: PMC9002841 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genus Tabebuia is famous for its traditional uses and valuable phytoconstituents. Our previous investigation of Tabebuia species noted the promising anticancer activity of T. guayacan Hemsl. leaves extract, however, the mechanism underlying the observed anticancer activity is still unexplored. The current research was designed to explore the phytochemical content as well as to address the phytoconstituent(s) responsible for the recorded anticancer activity. Accordingly, sixteen compounds were isolated, and their structures were elucidated using different spectroscopic techniques. The drug-likeness of the isolated compounds, as well as their binding affinity with four anticancer drug target receptors: CDK-2/6, topoisomerase-1, and VEGFR-2, were evaluated. Additionally, the most promising compounds were in vitro evaluated for inhibitory activities against CDK-2/6 and VEGFR-2 enzymes using kinase assays method. Corosolic acid (3) and luteolin-7-O-β-glucoside (16) were the most active inhibitors against CDK-2 (−13.44 kcal/mol) and topoisomerase 1 (−13.83 kcal/mol), respectively. Meanwhile, quercetin 3-O-β-xyloside (10) scored the highest binding free energies against both CDK-6 (−16.23 kcal/mol) as well as against VEGFR-2 protein targets (−10.39 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamic simulation indicated that quercetin 3-O-β-xyloside (10) exhibited the least fluctuations and deviations from the starting binding pose with RMSD (2.6 Å). Interestingly, in vitro testing results confirmed the potent activity of 10 (IC50 = 0.154 µg/mL) compared to IC50 = 0.159 µg/mL of the reference drug ribociclib. These findings suggest the three noted compounds (3, 10, and 16) for further in vivo anticancer studies.
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20
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Mohamed ME, Tawfeek N, Elbaramawi SS, Fikry E. Agathis robusta Bark Essential Oil Effectiveness against COVID-19: Chemical Composition, In Silico and In Vitro Approaches. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:663. [PMID: 35270131 PMCID: PMC8912836 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has seriously threatened global health. Alongside the approved vaccines, the discovery of prospective anti-COVID-19 drugs has been progressively targeted. Essential oils (EOs) provide a rich source of compounds with valuable antiviral activities that may contribute as effective agents against COVID-19. In this study, the EO of Agathus robusta bark was investigated for its chemical composition and its antiviral activity against SARS-CoV2. Overall, 26 constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. α-Pinene, tricyclene, α-terpineol, limonene, d-camphene, trans-pinocarveol, α-phellandren-8-ol, L-β-pinene and borneol were the major components. In silico docking of these constituents against viral key enzymes, spike receptor-binding domain (RBD), main protease (Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software revealed good binding affinities of the components to the active site of the selected targets, especially, the RBD. In Vitro antiviral MTT and cytopathic effect inhibition assays demonstrated a promising anti SARS-CoV2 for A. robusta bark EO, with a significant selectivity index of 17.5. The results suggested using this EO or its individual components for the protection against or treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged E. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Tawfeek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (N.T.); (E.F.)
| | - Samar S. Elbaramawi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Eman Fikry
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (N.T.); (E.F.)
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21
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Allam AE, Abouelela ME, Assaf HK, Sayed AM, Nafady AM, El-Shanawany MA, Takano F, Ohta T. Phytochemical and in silico studies for potential constituents from Centaurium spicatum as candidates against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5724-5731. [PMID: 34961393 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.2019732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a new secoiridoid glycoside lisianthoside II 1, along with seven known compounds 2-8, were isolated from Centaurium spicatum L. In-silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation against SARS-CoV-2 Main protease (Mpro) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) were conducted. The affinity docking scores revealed that 8 is the best bound ligand to Mpro active site with binding energy of -14.9877 kcal/mol (RSMD = 1.16 Å), while 6 was the highest against RdRp (-16.9572 kcal/mol, RMSD = 1.01 Å). Moreover, the molecular dynamic simulation revealed that 8 with a (ΔG) of -7.9 kcal/mol (RMSD value of 2.6 Å) and 6 (RMSD value of 1.6 Å) and binding free energy (ΔG) of -7.1 kcal/mol achieved the highest stability over 50 ns of MDS inside the Mpro and RdRp enzyme's active site, respectively. Hence, the isolated compounds could be a good lead for development of new leads targeting COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Allam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hamdy K Assaf
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Alaa M Nafady
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Shanawany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fumihide Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Ohta
- Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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22
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Yapasert R, Khaw-on P, Banjerdpongchai R. Coronavirus Infection-Associated Cell Death Signaling and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Molecules 2021; 26:7459. [PMID: 34946543 PMCID: PMC8706825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is the name of the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that occurred in 2019. The virus-host-specific interactions, molecular targets on host cell deaths, and the involved signaling are crucial issues, which become potential targets for treatment. Spike protein, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), cathepsin L-cysteine peptidase, transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1), open reading frame 7a (ORF7a), viral main protease (3C-like protease (3CLpro) or Mpro), RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) (Nsp12), non-structural protein 13 (Nsp13) helicase, and papain-like proteinase (PLpro) are molecules associated with SARS-CoV infection and propagation. SARS-CoV-2 can induce host cell death via five kinds of regulated cell death, i.e., apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and PANoptosis. The mechanisms of these cell deaths are well established and can be disrupted by synthetic small molecules or natural products. There are a variety of compounds proven to play roles in the cell death inhibition, such as pan-caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) for apoptosis, necrostatin-1 for necroptosis, MCC950, a potent and specific inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome in pyroptosis, and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, which can mitigate the corresponding cell death pathways. However, NF-κB signaling is another critical anti-apoptotic or survival route mediated by SARS-CoV-2. Such signaling promotes viral survival, proliferation, and inflammation by inducing the expression of apoptosis inhibitors such as Bcl-2 and XIAP, as well as cytokines, e.g., TNF. As a result, tiny natural compounds functioning as proteasome inhibitors such as celastrol and curcumin can be used to modify NF-κB signaling, providing a responsible method for treating SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The natural constituents that aid in inhibiting viral infection, progression, and amplification of coronaviruses are also emphasized, which are in the groups of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, diarylheptanoids, and anthraquinones. Natural constituents derived from medicinal herbs have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, as well as inhibitory effects, on the viral life cycle, including viral entry, replication, assembly, and release of COVID-19 virions. The phytochemicals contain a high potential for COVID-19 treatment. As a result, SARS-CoV-2-infected cell death processes and signaling might be of high efficacy for therapeutic targeting effects and yielding encouraging outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittibet Yapasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Patompong Khaw-on
- Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Ratana Banjerdpongchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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Razali R, Asis H, Budiman C. Structure-Function Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Proteases and Their Potential Inhibitors from Microbial Sources. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2481. [PMID: 34946083 PMCID: PMC8706127 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is considered the greatest challenge to the global health community of the century as it continues to expand. This has prompted immediate urgency to discover promising drug targets for the treatment of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 viral proteases, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like cysteine protease (PLpro), have become the promising target to study due to their essential functions in spreading the virus by RNA transcription, translation, protein synthesis, processing and modification, virus replication, and infection of the host. As such, understanding of the structure and function of these two proteases is unavoidable as platforms for the development of inhibitors targeting this protein which further arrest the infection and spread of the virus. While the abundance of reports on the screening of natural compounds such as SARS-CoV-2 proteases inhibitors are available, the microorganisms-based compounds (peptides and non-peptides) remain less studied. Indeed, microorganisms-based compounds are also one of the potent antiviral candidates against COVID-19. Microbes, especially bacteria and fungi, are other resources to produce new drugs as well as nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids. Thus, we have compiled various reported literature in detail on the structures, functions of the SARS-CoV-2 proteases, and potential inhibitors from microbial sources as assistance to other researchers working with COVID-19. The compounds are also compared to HIV protease inhibitors which suggested the microorganisms-based compounds are advantageous as SARS-CoV2 proteases inhibitors. The information should serve as a platform for further development of COVID-19 drug design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cahyo Budiman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; (R.R.); (H.A.)
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Belachew AM, Feyisa A, Mohamed SB, W/Mariam JF. Investigating Fungi-Derived Bioactive Molecules as Inhibitor of the SARS Coronavirus Papain Like Protease: Computational Based Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:752095. [PMID: 34746186 PMCID: PMC8566946 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.752095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid growth of the COVID-19 pandemic and its outcomes, developing a remedy to fight the predicament is critical. So far, it has infected more than 214,468,601 million people and caused the death of 4,470,969 million people according to the August 27, 2021, World Health Organization's (WHO) report. Several studies have been published on both computational and wet-lab approaches to develop antivirals for COVID-19, although there has been no success yet. However, the wet-lab approach is laborious, expensive, and time-consuming, and computational techniques have screened the activity of bioactive compounds from different sources with less effort and cost. For this investigation, we screened the binding affinity of fungi-derived bioactive molecules toward the SARS coronavirus papain-like protease (PLpro) by using computational approaches. Studies showed that protease inhibitors can be very effective in controlling virus-induced infections. Additionally, fungi represent a vast source of bioactive molecules, which could be potentially used for antiviral therapy. Fifty fungi-derived bioactive compounds were investigated concerning SARS-CoV-2 PLpro by using Auto Dock 4.2.1, Gromacs 2018. 2, ADMET, Swiss-ADME, FAF-Drugs 4.023, pKCSM, and UCLA-DOE server. From the list of the screened bioactive compounds, Dihydroaltersolanol C, Anthraquinone, Nigbeauvin A, and Catechin were selected with the Auto-Dock results of -8.68, -7.52, -10.46, and -10.58 Kcal/mol, respectively, based on their binding affinity compared to the reference drug. We presented the drug likeliness, toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity of all compounds using ADMET analysis. They interacted with the amino acid residues, Gly163, Trp106, Ser111, Asp164, and Cys270, through hydrogen bonds. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), root-mean-square fluctuations (RMSF), solvent-accessible surface area (SASA), and radius of gyration (Rg) values revealed a stable interaction. From the overall analyses, we can conclude that Dihydroaltersolanol C, Anthraquinone, Nigbeauvin A, and Catechin are classified as promising candidates for PLpro, thus potentially useful in developing a medicine for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aweke Mulu Belachew
- College of Applied Science, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asheber Feyisa
- College of Natural and Social Science, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seid Belay Mohamed
- College of Natural and Social Science, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Kumar A, Mishra DC, Angadi UB, Yadav R, Rai A, Kumar D. Inhibition Potencies of Phytochemicals Derived from Sesame Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease: A Molecular Docking and Simulation Study. Front Chem 2021; 9:744376. [PMID: 34692642 PMCID: PMC8531729 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.744376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has now spread across the nations with high mortality rates and multifaceted impact on human life. The proper treatment methods to overcome this contagious disease are still limited. The main protease enzyme (Mpro, also called 3CLpro) is essential for viral replication and has been considered as one of the potent drug targets for treating COVID-19. In this study, virtual screening was performed to find out the molecular interactions between 36 natural compounds derived from sesame and the Mpro of COVID-19. Four natural metabolites, namely, sesamin, sesaminol, sesamolin, and sesamolinol have been ranked as the top interacting molecules to Mpro based on the affinity of molecular docking. Moreover, stability of these four sesame-specific natural compounds has also been evaluated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 200 nanoseconds. The molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations revealed that these compounds have stable and favorable energies, causing strong binding with Mpro. These screened natural metabolites also meet the essential conditions for drug likeness such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties as well as Lipinski's rule of five. Our finding suggests that these screened natural compounds may be evolved as promising therapeutics against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ulavappa Basavanneppa Angadi
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics (CABin), ICAR- Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Yan F, Gao F. An overview of potential inhibitors targeting non-structural proteins 3 (PL pro and Mac1) and 5 (3CL pro/M pro) of SARS-CoV-2. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:4868-4883. [PMID: 34457214 PMCID: PMC8382591 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global pandemic that has not only affected the daily lives of individuals but also had a significant impact on the global economy and public health. Although extensive research has been conducted to identify inhibitors targeting SARS-CoV-2, there are still no effective treatment strategies to combat COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 comprises two important proteolytic enzymes, namely, the papain-like proteinase, located within non-structural protein 3 (nsp3), and nsp5, both of which cleave large replicase polypeptides into multiple fragments that are required for viral replication. Moreover, a domain within nsp3, known as the macrodomain (Mac1), also plays an important role in viral replication. Inhibition of their functions should be able to significantly interfere with the replication cycle of the virus, and therefore these key proteins may serve as potential therapeutic targets. The functions of the above viral targets and their corresponding inhibitors have been summarized in the current review. This review provides comprehensive updates of nsp3 and nsp5 inhibitor development and would help advance the discovery of novel anti-viral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Yan
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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