1
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Kumar Yadav A, Yadav D, Kumar V, Ray S, Singh MS. PIDA-promoted metal-free [3 + 2] heteroannulation of β-ketothioamides with 4-hydroxy coumarins: chemo-/regioselective access to furo[3,2- c]chromen-4-ones at room temperature. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4326-4331. [PMID: 38722080 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00438h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a viable protocol to access furo[3,2-c]chromen-4-ones by engaging easily accessible 4-hydroxy coumarins as a three-atom CCO unit and thioamides as a C2 coupling partner, mediated by phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) at room temperature in a highly efficient and pot-/step-economical manner. This strategy not only avoids potential toxicity and tiresome workup conditions, but also features operational simplicity, a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high yields, easy scalability and exclusive selectivity. A mechanistic study has shown that this metal-free reaction is triggered by PIDA via activation of the β-carbon of 4-hydroxy coumarin, followed by a nucleophilic addition/intramolecular cyclization/dethiohydration cascade. High-resolution mass spectra (HRMS) study confirms the key intermediates involved during the course of the reaction, elucidating the reaction pathways, and demonstrates the excellent regio- and chemoselectivity of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Subhasish Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Maya Shankar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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2
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Cavalli D, Waser J. Organic Dye Photocatalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Lactones and Lactams via a Cyclization-Alkynylation Cascade. Org Lett 2024; 26:4235-4239. [PMID: 38739856 PMCID: PMC11129301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An organic dye photocatalyzed lactonization-alkynylation of easily accessible homoallylic cesium oxalates using ethynylbenziodoxolone (EBX) reagents has been developed. The reaction gave access to valuable functionalized lactones and lactams in up to 88% yield via the formation of two new C-C bonds. The transformation was carried out on primary, secondary, and tertiary homoallylic alcohols and primary homoallylic amines and could be applied to the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds as well as fused and bridged bicyclic lactones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cavalli
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic
Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic
Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences
and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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3
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Wei L, Guo Y, Li Z, Jiang H, Qi C. Silver-Catalyzed Coupling of Ethynylbenziodoxolones with CO 2 and Amines to Afford O-β-Oxoalkyl Carbamates. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38780900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A novel three-component coupling reaction of ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) with CO2 and amines has been achieved via silver catalysis, thereby providing an efficient method for the construction of a range of structurally diverse and valuable O-β-oxoalkyl carbamates. The transformation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and exhibits a wide substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. In addition, this strategy could be extended to the synthesis of α-acyloxyketones using carboxylic acids as the nucleophiles to react with EBXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ziyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chaorong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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4
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Charki P, Müller DS. Al(III)-Promoted Formation of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers from Aliphatic Tertiary Chlorides and Alkynyl Silanes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7324-7329. [PMID: 38712758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite the accessibility of numerous alkynes through coupling or substitution reactions, the synthesis of trialkyl-substituted alkynes is still a major challenge. Within this context, we reexplored the electrophilic alkynyl substitution between tertiary aliphatic chlorides and silylated alkynes. We were able to demonstrate that this approach is significantly more general than originally demonstrated by Capozzi and even tolerates several functional groups. Furthermore, we report diastereoselective reactions which in some instances gave excellent diastereoselectivity (dr >95:5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Charki
- Univerity of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Daniel S Müller
- Univerity of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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5
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Kumar R, Dohi T, Zhdankin VV. Organohypervalent heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4786-4827. [PMID: 38545658 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes the structural and synthetic aspects of heterocyclic molecules incorporating an atom of a hypervalent main-group element. The term "hypervalent" has been suggested for derivatives of main-group elements with more than eight valence electrons, and the concept of hypervalency is commonly used despite some criticism from theoretical chemists. The significantly higher thermal stability of hypervalent heterocycles compared to their acyclic analogs adds special features to their chemistry, particularly for bromine and iodine. Heterocyclic compounds of elements with double bonds are not categorized as hypervalent molecules owing to the zwitterionic nature of these bonds, resulting in the conventional 8-electron species. This review is focused on hypervalent heterocyclic derivatives of nonmetal main-group elements, such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, chlorine, iodine(III) and iodine(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, NH-2, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1038 University Drive, 126 HCAMS University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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6
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Borrel J, Waser J. SOMOphilic alkyne vs radical-polar crossover approaches: The full story of the azido-alkynylation of alkenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:701-713. [PMID: 38590536 PMCID: PMC10999984 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the detailed background for the discovery and development of the synthesis of homopropargylic azides by the azido-alkynylation of alkenes. Initially, a strategy involving SOMOphilic alkynes was adopted, but only resulted in a 29% yield of the desired product. By switching to a radical-polar crossover approach and after optimization, a high yield (72%) of the homopropargylic azide was reached. Full insights are given about the factors that were essential for the success of the optimization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Borrel
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Doobary S, Di Tommaso EM, Postole A, Inge AK, Olofsson B. Structure-reactivity analysis of novel hypervalent iodine reagents in S-vinylation of thiols. Front Chem 2024; 12:1376948. [PMID: 38487782 PMCID: PMC10937425 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1376948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The transition-metal free S-vinylation of thiophenols by vinylbenziodoxolones (VBX) constituted an important step forward in hypervalent iodine-mediated vinylations, highlighting the difference to vinyliodonium salts and that the reaction outcome was influenced by the substitution pattern of the benziodoxolone core. In this study, we report several new classes of hypervalent iodine vinylation reagents; vinylbenziodazolones, vinylbenziodoxolonimine and vinyliodoxathiole dioxides. Their synthesis, structural and electronic properties are described and correlated to the S-vinylation outcome, shedding light on some interesting facets of these reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayad Doobary
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Alexandru Postole
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Ken Inge
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Arakawa C, Kanemoto K, Nakai K, Wang C, Morohashi S, Kwon E, Ito S, Yoshikai N. Carboiodanation of Arynes: Organoiodine(III) Compounds as Nucleophilic Organometalloids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3910-3919. [PMID: 38315817 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic iodine(III) compounds represent the most widely used hypervalent halogen compounds in organic synthesis, where they typically perform the role of an electrophile or oxidant to functionalize electron-rich or -nucleophilic organic compounds. In contrast to this convention, we discovered their unique reactivity as organometallic-like nucleophiles toward arynes. Equipped with diverse transferable ligands and supported by a tethered spectator ligand, the organoiodine(III) compounds undergo addition across the electrophilic C-C triple bond of arynes while retaining the trivalency of the iodine center. This carboiodanation reaction can forge a variety of aryl-alkynyl, aryl-alkenyl, and aryl-(hetero)aryl bonds along with the concurrent formation of an aryl-iodine(III) bond under mild conditions. The newly formed aryl-iodine(III) bond serves as a versatile linchpin for downstream transformations, particularly as an electrophilic reaction site. The amphoteric nature of the iodine(III) group as a metalloid and a leaving group in this sequence enables the flexible and expedient synthesis of extended π-conjugated molecules and privileged biarylphosphine ligands, where all of the iodine(III)-containing compounds can be handled as air- and thermally stable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisaki Arakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kanemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunya Morohashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Endowed Research Laboratory of Dimensional Integrated Nanomaterials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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9
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Zhang C, Wan JP. Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine Diazo Compounds and Their Application in Organic Synthesis. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302718. [PMID: 37846841 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds with electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) connected to diazo methyl center were a type of donor-acceptor diazo compounds with potential reaction abilities similar to ordinary diazo compounds. Although several diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds were synthesized and used in the nucleophilic substitution reactions as early as 1994, the synthesis and application of new iodine(III) diazo compounds have only been reported to a certain extent in recent years. In the presence of rhodium catalyst, photocatalyst, or nucleophiles, diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds can be converted into rhodium-carbenes, diazomethyl radicals, ester radicals or nucleophilic intermediates, which can be used as key intermediates for the formation of chemical bonds. The aim of this review is to give an overview of diazomethyl-substituted iodine(III) compounds in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Department of Safety Supervision and Management, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Safety Technology, 583 Anqing road, Wanzhou district, 404020, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, 330022, Nanchang, China
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10
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Singh V, Kumar D, Mishra BK, Tiwari B. Iodobenzene-Catalyzed Synthesis of Fully Functionalized NH-Pyrazoles and Isoxazoles from α,β-Unsaturated Hydrazones and Oximes via 1,2-Aryl Shift. Org Lett 2024; 26:385-389. [PMID: 38150709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
An iodine(III)-catalyzed general method for the synthesis of fully functionalized NH-pyrazoles and isoxazoles from α,β-unsaturated hydrazones and oximes, respectively, via cyclization/1,2-aryl shift/aromatization/detosylation, has been developed. The reaction progresses through an anti-Baldwin 5-endo-trig cyclization. It gives direct access to an advanced intermediate for the preparation of valdecoxib and parecoxib, drugs used for COX-inhibition. In addition, a method for N-alkynylation of pyrazoles has also been developed in the presence of TIPS-EBX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Singh
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Bal Krishna Mishra
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Bhoopendra Tiwari
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS-Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
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11
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Palamini P, Borrel J, Djaïd M, Delattre M, Waser J. Acyl-Ethynylbenziodoxolone (acyl-EBX): Access to Ketene Dithioarylacetals. Org Lett 2023; 25:7535-7539. [PMID: 37801735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of ketene dithioarylacetals in 40-97% yield using thiophenols and acyl-EBXs (ethynylbenziodoxolones) generated in situ from a common hypervalent iodine precursor and alkynyl trifluoroborate salts. The products could be further modified to afford functionalized ketene dithioacetals and various S-substituted heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Palamini
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Borrel
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maël Djaïd
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Delattre
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Milzarek TM, Ramirez NP, Liu XY, Waser J. One-pot synthesis of functionalized bis(trifluoromethylated)benziodoxoles from iodine(I) precursors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12637-12640. [PMID: 37791867 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04525k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Bis(trifluoromethylated)benziodoxoles (Bx) are broadly used cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents due to their stability and unique chemical properties. However, current methods to access them require several steps and long reaction times, making their synthesis tedious. Herein, a direct one-pot synthesis of bis(trifluoromethylated) Bx reagents from iodine(I) precursors is reported, enabling the synthesis of functionalized reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Milzarek
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Nieves P Ramirez
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Xing-Yu Liu
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Cao M, Ren Y, Zhang R, Xu H, Cheng P, Xu H, Xu Y, Li P. Photochemical "Cut and Sew" Transformations of Ethynylbenziodoxolone Reagents and Diazo Compounds. Org Lett 2023; 25:6300-6304. [PMID: 37610822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose a visible-light-induced oxy-alkynylation of diazo compounds with ethynylbenziodoxolones. The efficient protocol provides a mild and metal-free methodology to synthesize propargylic esters in moderate to good yields. Notably, this metal-free carbene transfer reaction appears to involve an oxonium ylide intermediate, followed by intramolecular ligand exchange and reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Cao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yikun Ren
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Huayan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqing Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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14
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Aryl-, Akynyl-, and Alkenylbenziodoxoles: Synthesis and Synthetic Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052136. [PMID: 36903382 PMCID: PMC10004369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine reagents are in high current demand due to their exceptional reactivity in oxidative transformations, as well as in diverse umpolung functionalization reactions. Cyclic hypervalent iodine compounds, known under the general name of benziodoxoles, possess improved thermal stability and synthetic versatility in comparison with their acyclic analogs. Aryl-, alkenyl-, and alkynylbenziodoxoles have recently received wide synthetic applications as efficient reagents for direct arylation, alkenylation, and alkynylation under mild reaction conditions, including transition metal-free conditions as well as photoredox and transition metal catalysis. Using these reagents, a plethora of valuable, hard-to-reach, and structurally diverse complex products can be synthesized by convenient procedures. The review covers the main aspects of the chemistry of benziodoxole-based aryl-, alkynyl-, and alkenyl- transfer reagents, including preparation and synthetic applications.
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