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Peng X, Zhang Y, Liu X, Qian Y, Ouyang Z, Kong H. From Short- to Long-Range Chiral Recognition on Surfaces: Chiral Assembly and Synthesis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307171. [PMID: 38054810 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Research on chiral behaviors of small organic molecules at solid surfaces, including chiral assembly and synthesis, can not only help unravel the origin of the chiral phenomenon in biological/chemical systems but also provide promising strategies to build up unprecedented chiral surfaces or nanoarchitectures with advanced applications in novel nanomaterials/nanodevices. Understanding how molecular chirality is recognized is considered to be a mandatory basis for such studies. In this review, a series of recent studies in chiral assembly and synthesis at well-defined metal surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions are outlined. More importantly, the intrinsic mechanisms of chiral recognition are highlighted, including short/long-range chiral recognition in chiral assembly and two main strategies to steer the reaction pathways and modulate selective synthesis of specific chiral products on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Peng
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yinhui Zhang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xinbang Liu
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yinyue Qian
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Zuoling Ouyang
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Kong
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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Ahsan A, Wang X, Sk R, Heydari M, Buimaga-Iarinca L, Wäckerlin C, Lucenti E, Decurtins S, Cariati E, Jung TA, Aschauer U, Liu SX. Self-Assembly of N-Rich Triimidazoles on Ag(111): Mixing the Pleasures and Pains of Epitaxy and Strain. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:23000-23009. [PMID: 38053624 PMCID: PMC10694807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present report, homochiral hydrogen-bonded assemblies of heavily N-doped (C9H6N6) heterocyclic triimidazole (TT) molecules on an Ag(111) substrate were investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED) techniques. The planar and prochiral TT molecules, which exhibit a threefold rotation symmetry and lack mirror symmetry when assembled on the substrate, carry multiple hydrogen-bonding donor and acceptor functionalities, inevitably leading to the formation of hexameric two-dimensionally extended assemblies that can be either homo- (RR/SS) or heterochiral (RS). Experimental STM data showing well-ordered homochiral domains and experimental LEED data are consistent with simulations assuming the R19.1° overlayer on the Ag(111) lattice. Importantly, we report the unexpected coincidence of spontaneous resolution with the condensation of neighboring islands in adjacent "Janus pairs". The islands are connected by a characteristic fault zone, an observation that we discuss in the context of the fairly symmetric molecule and its propensity to compromise and benefit from interisland bonding at the expense of lattice mismatches and strain in the defect zone. We relate this to the close to triangular shape and the substantial but weak bonding scheme beyond van der Waals (vdW) of the TT molecules, which is due to the three N-containing five-membered imidazole rings. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show clear energetic differences between homochiral and heterochiral pairwise interactions, clearly supporting the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Ahsan
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Xing Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Rejaul Sk
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Heydari
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca
- National
Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies
(INCDTIM), Donat Str., Cluj-Napoca 67-103, Romania
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Institute
of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Station 3, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Elena Lucenti
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(SCITEC) of CNR, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Silvio Decurtins
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Elena Cariati
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences and Technologies “Giulio Natta”
(SCITEC) of CNR, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano and INSTM RU Via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Thomas A. Jung
- Laboratory
for X-ray Nanoscience and Technologies, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Department
of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry and Physics of Materials, University
of Salzburg, Jakob-Haringer-Str. 2A, Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Shi-Xia Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern 3012, Switzerland
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