1
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Mariani P, Molina-García MÁ, Barichello J, Zappia MI, Magliano E, Castriotta LA, Gabatel L, Thorat SB, Del Rio Castillo AE, Drago F, Leonardi E, Pescetelli S, Vesce L, Di Giacomo F, Matteocci F, Agresti A, De Giorgi N, Bellani S, Di Carlo A, Bonaccorso F. Low-temperature strain-free encapsulation for perovskite solar cells and modules passing multifaceted accelerated ageing tests. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4552. [PMID: 38811579 PMCID: PMC11137052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48877-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells promise to be part of the future portfolio of photovoltaic technologies, but their instability is slow down their commercialization. Major stability assessments have been recently achieved but reliable accelerated ageing tests on beyond small-area cells are still poor. Here, we report an industrial encapsulation process based on the lamination of highly viscoelastic semi-solid/highly viscous liquid adhesive atop the perovskite solar cells and modules. Our encapsulant reduces the thermomechanical stresses at the encapsulant/rear electrode interface. The addition of thermally conductive two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride into the polymeric matrix improves the barrier and thermal management properties of the encapsulant. Without any edge sealant, encapsulated devices withstood multifaceted accelerated ageing tests, retaining >80% of their initial efficiency. Our encapsulation is applicable to the most established cell configurations (direct/inverted, mesoscopic/planar), even with temperature-sensitive materials, and extended to semi-transparent cells for building-integrated photovoltaics and Internet of Things systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Mariani
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jessica Barichello
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Erica Magliano
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Angelo Castriotta
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Gabatel
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163, Genova, Italy
- Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transport Engineering (DIME), Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Filippo Drago
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Sara Pescetelli
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Vesce
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Giacomo
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Matteocci
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole De Giorgi
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE-Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- ISM-CNR, Istitute of Structure of Matter, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163, Genova, Italy.
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
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2
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Huang X, Wang X, Zou Y, An M, Wang Y. The Renaissance of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) as a Promising Hole-Transporting Material Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400874. [PMID: 38794876 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
To push the commercialization of the promising photovoltaic technique of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the three-element golden law of efficiency, stability, and cost should be followed. As the key component of PSCs, hole-transporting materials (HTMs) involving widely-used organic semiconductors such as 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) or poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) usually suffer high-cost preparation and low operational stability. Fortunately, the studies on the classical p-type polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as an alternative HTM have recently sparked a broad interest due to its low-cost synthesis, excellent batch-to-batch purity, superior hole conductivity as well as controllable and stable film morphology. Despite this, the device efficiency still lags behind P3HT-based PSCs mainly owing to the mismatched energy level and poor interfacial contact between P3HT and the perovskite layer. Hence, in this review, the study timely summarizes the developed strategies for overcoming the corresponding issues such as interface engineering, morphology regulation, and formation of composite HTMs from which some critical clues can be extracted to provide guidance for further boosting the efficiency and stability of P3HT-based devices. Finally, in the outlook, the future research directions either from the viewpoint of material design or device engineering are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Huang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Xuran Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yaqing Zou
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Mingwei An
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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3
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Fang J, Wang L, Chen Z, Wang S, Yuan L, Saeed A, Hussain I, Zhao J, Liu R, Miao Q. Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Ionic Liquids for Defect Passivation via Molecular Interactions for High-Quality Perovskite Films and Stable Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38652094 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The high photoelectric conversion efficiency and low cost of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have further inspired people's determination to push this technology toward industrialization. The high-quality perovskite films and high-efficiency and stable PSCs are the crucial factors. Ionic liquids have been proven to be an effective strategy for regulating high-quality perovskite films and high-performance PSCs. However, the regulation mechanism between ionic liquids and perovskites still needs further clarification. In this study, a novel sulfonic acid-functionalized ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BSO3HMImOTf), was used as an effective additive to regulate high-quality perovskite films and high-performance devices. Microscopic mechanism studies revealed strong interactions between BSO3HMImOTf and Pb2+ ions as well as halogens in the perovskite. The perovskite film is effectively passivated with the controlled crystal growth, suppressed ion migration, facilitating to the greatly improved photovoltaic performance, and superior long-term stability. This article reveals the regulatory mechanism of sulfonic acid type ionic liquids through testing characterization and mechanism analysis, providing a new approach for the preparation of high-quality perovskite devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Fang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Liang Wang
- Info-Powered Energy System Research Center (i-PERC), The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Longzihu New Energy Laboratory, Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Aamir Saeed
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jianwei Zhao
- Shenzhen Huasuan Technology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, PR China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, PR China
- Longzihu New Energy Laboratory, Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology, Henan University, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
- Langfang Green Industrial Technology Center, Langfang 065001, PR China
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4
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Xing Z, Li SH, An MW, Yang S. Beyond Planar Structure: Curved π-Conjugated Molecules for High-Performing and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301662. [PMID: 38169145 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cell (PSC) shows a great potential to become the next-generation photovoltaic technology, which has stimulated researchers to engineer materials and to innovate device architectures for promoting device performance and stability. As the power conversion efficiency (PCE) keeps advancing, the importance of exploring multifunctional materials for the PSCs has been increasingly recognized. Considerable attention has been directed to the design and synthesis of novel organic π-conjugated molecules, particularly the emerging curved ones, which can perform various unmatched functions for PSCs. In this review, the characteristics of three representative such curved π-conjugated molecules (fullerene, corannulene and helicene) and the recent progress concerning the application of these molecules in state-of-the-art PSCs are summarized and discussed holistically. With this discussion, we hope to provide a fresh perspective on the structure-property relation of these unique materials toward high-performance and high-stability PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xing
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350007, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, 541004, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Ming-Wei An
- Strait Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE, Future Technologies), Fujian Normal University and Strait Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (SLoFE), 350007, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials Research, School of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518055, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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5
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McGovern L, Alarcón-Lladó E, Garnett EC, Ehrler B, van der Zwaan B. Perovskite Solar Modules for the Residential Sector. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:4862-4866. [PMID: 37969249 PMCID: PMC10644372 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie McGovern
- Faculty
of Science (HIMS, IOP and/or IAS), University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Alarcón-Lladó
- Faculty
of Science (HIMS, IOP and/or IAS), University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Erik C. Garnett
- Faculty
of Science (HIMS, IOP and/or IAS), University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Bob van der Zwaan
- Faculty
of Science (HIMS, IOP and/or IAS), University
of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- TNO
Energy Transition Studies, Amsterdam 1043 NT, The Netherlands
- School
of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University, Bologna 40126, Italy
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6
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McGovern L, Garnett EC, Veenstra S, van der Zwaan B. A techno-economic perspective on rigid and flexible perovskite solar modules. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS 2023; 7:5259-5270. [PMID: 38013782 PMCID: PMC10596340 DOI: 10.1039/d3se00828b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have shown considerable developments in the last decade, and commercial applications are drawing closer. In this article, we present a techno-economic study of perovskite PV technologies. We compare published data on manufacturing costs of single-junction perovskite modules and find that they are dependent on the module design (rigid or flexible) and vary from 10 to almost 100 € per m2. We calculate the LCOE as a function of module efficiency and stability for a set of four module cost scenarios at 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 € per m2. The resulting LCOE varies from 4.3 to 25.5 ct kW-1 h-1 and shows low potential for immediate competition with crystalline silicon PV in the utility sector. Perovskite PV's competitive advantage lies in both lighter and less rigid modules, and in the development of tandem modules together with silicon. We hence extend the LCOE equation to highlight the benefit of producing flexible low-weight modules by roll-to-roll manufacturing, and modify the LCOE maps to showcase the benefits of tandem modules. Based on learning curve analyses applied to the CAPEX of single-junction and tandem modules, we develop three scenarios for the evolution of the LCOE of perovskite modules from 2025 to 2050. Under the optimistic scenarios, we find that the LCOE could reduce to 2.8 ct kW-1 h-1 by 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie McGovern
- University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Science (HIMS, IOP and/or IAS) Amsterdam The Netherlands
- AMOLF, Center for Nanophotonics Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Erik Christian Garnett
- University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Science (HIMS, IOP and/or IAS) Amsterdam The Netherlands
- AMOLF, Center for Nanophotonics Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Veenstra
- TNO Solar Energy, Partner in Solliance Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Bob van der Zwaan
- University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Science (HIMS, IOP and/or IAS) Amsterdam The Netherlands
- TNO Energy Transition Studies Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) Bologna Italy
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7
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Zhang F, Tu B, Yang S, Fan K, Liu Z, Xiong Z, Zhang J, Li W, Huang H, Yu C, K-Y Jen A, Yao K. Buried-Interface Engineering of Conformal 2D/3D Perovskite Heterojunction for Efficient Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells on Industrially Textured Silicon. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303139. [PMID: 37493870 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Exploring strategies to control the crystallization and modulate interfacial properties for high-quality perovskite film on industry-relevant textured crystalline silicon solar cells is highly valued in the perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics community. The formation of a 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction is widely employed to passivate defects and suppress ion migration in the film surface of perovskite solar cells. However, realizing solution-processed heterostructures at the buried interface faces solvent incompatibilities with the challenge of underlying-layer disruption, and texture incompatibilities with the challenge of uneven coverage. Here, a hybrid two-step deposition method is used to prepare robust 2D perovskites with cross-linkable ligands underneath the 3D perovskite. This structurally coherent interlayer benefits by way of preferred crystal growth of strain-free and uniform upper perovskite, inhibits interfacial defect-induced instability and recombination, and promotes charge-carrier extraction with ideal energy-level alignment. The broad applicability of the bottom-contact heterostructure for different textured substrates with conformal coverage and various precursor solutions with intact properties free of erosion are demonstrated. With this buried interface engineering strategy, the resulting perovskite/silicon tandem cells, based on industrially textured Czochralski (CZ) silicon, achieve a certified efficiency of 28.4% (1.0 cm2 ), while retaining 89% of the initial PCE after over 1000 h operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Zhang
- Institute of Photovoltaics/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Binbin Tu
- Institute of Photovoltaics/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Shaofei Yang
- Suzhou Maxwell Technologies Co. Ltd, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Ke Fan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Institute of Photovoltaics/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Suzhou Maxwell Technologies Co. Ltd, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Zhijun Xiong
- Institute of Photovoltaics/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Cao Yu
- Suzhou Maxwell Technologies Co. Ltd, Suzhou, 215200, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Photovoltaics/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
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Li W, Wu C, Han X. Controlling Molecular Orientation of Small Molecular Dopant-Free Hole-Transport Materials: Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073076. [PMID: 37049838 PMCID: PMC10095671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have great potential for future application. However, the commercialization of PSCs is limited by the prohibitively expensive and doped hole-transport materials (HTMs). In this regard, small molecular dopant-free HTMs are promising alternatives because of their low cost and high efficiency. However, these HTMs still have a lot of space for making further progress in both efficiency and stability. This review firstly provides outlining analyses about the important roles of molecular orientation when further enhancements in device efficiency and stability are concerned. Then, currently studied strategies to control molecular orientation in small molecular HTMs are presented. Finally, we propose an outlook aiming to obtain optimized molecular orientation in a cost-effective way.
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