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Hoogenraad AR, Geldof M, Hiemstra H, de Jong A, Duchateau GS, Mela DJ. Bioequivalence of mulberry fruit extract and 1-deoxynojirimycin for post-prandial blood glucose lowering: A randomized trial in humans. J Nutr 2025:S0022-3166(25)00320-7. [PMID: 40419090 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2025] [Revised: 05/02/2025] [Accepted: 05/21/2025] [Indexed: 05/28/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mulberry extracts can reduce post-prandial blood glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses by slowing rates of glucose uptake following carbohydrate-rich meals. The presumed mechanism is inhibition of intestinal alpha-glucosidase, mainly attributed to 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) in the extracts. However, other components including other iminosugars or polyphenols might also contribute to these effects. OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to test the bioequivalence of a mulberry fruit extract (MFE) and an equal dose of the DNJ component alone, for reducing the PPG positive incremental area under the curve over 2 hours (+iAUC2hr) following a carbohydrate-rich test meal. A secondary objective was to assess the efficacy of MFE and DNJ for reducing PPG and PPI relative to a placebo. METHODS Healthy adults (n=84) participated in a balanced-order, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessing PPG and PPI following addition of MFE (0.75 g, containing 2.90 mg DNJ), pure DNJ (2.90 mg) or placebo to rice meals containing 50 g available carbohydrate. Using US Food and Drug Administration guidance, bioequivalence was determined by whether the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the ratio of the geometric means of the effects of DNJ versus MFE was between 0.80 and 1.25. RESULTS The ratio of the effect of DNJ relative to MFE was 0.903 (90% CI 0.801 to 1.019), meeting the pre-specified criterion for bioequivalence. While both MFE and DNJ produced absolute reductions in mean PPG and PPI relative to the control, these effects were more robust for MFE than DNJ. Mean plasma DNJ levels were also higher following MFE than DNJ. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the bioequivalence of DNJ and MFE for reducing PPG responses in humans. However, while DNJ is largely responsible for this effect, other components of MFE, particularly 2-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-deoxynojirimycin as a precursor of DNJ, may contribute to its observed efficacy for reducing PPG and PPI. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was prospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov with identifier NCT02599740 https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02599740.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marian Geldof
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre Wageningen, Wageningen NL; Venn Life Sciences, part of hVIVO, Breda, NL
| | - Harry Hiemstra
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre Wageningen, Wageningen NL
| | - Arienne de Jong
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre Wageningen, Wageningen NL; Next Food Collective, Wageningen, NL
| | | | - David J Mela
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre Wageningen, Wageningen NL.
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Sultana S, Rahaman M, Hassan A, Parvez MA, Chandan MR. Biomass-Based Sustainable Graphene for Advanced Electronic Technology: A Review. Chem Asian J 2025; 20:e202500128. [PMID: 40256841 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2025] [Revised: 03/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 04/22/2025]
Abstract
Through its remarkable mechanical, electrical, and thermal qualities, graphene has become a revolutionary material in electronics. Sustainable graphene synthesis from biomass residues offers a possible path toward adhering to the demand for economical and ecologically friendly graphene production methods. The present study thoroughly examines the numerous biomass sources used for graphene synthesis, such as plant-derived materials, agricultural waste, and other organic leftovers. The benefits and drawbacks of several synthesis methods are examined, including pyrolysis, chemical exfoliation, and hydrothermal carbonization. The study also explores the possible uses of graphene produced from biomass in electronics, including sensors, energy storage devices, electronic devices with flexibility, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. This review highlights how biomass-based graphene can revolutionize the electronics sector by bridging the gap between electronic applications, synthesis techniques, and biomass supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Sultana
- School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Mostafizur Rahaman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abul Hassan
- Department of Finance, School of Business, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Anwar Parvez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rehaan Chandan
- Colloids and Polymers Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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Lin K, Tu Y, Ou T, Wang F, Wang Y, Qu Y, Jiao W, Wen J, Zhang K, Li N, Mei Y, Liu X, Xie J. The Boeremia exigua BeAA9 Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase Is a Key Virulence Factor in Mulberry Infection. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2025; 177:e70283. [PMID: 40426334 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.70283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2025] [Accepted: 04/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Boeremia exigua, a phytopathogen responsible for spot diseases on leaves and stems, significantly threatens the health of a wide range of plants. Understanding its pathogenic mechanisms is essential for effective mulberry disease control. In this study, B. exigua GXH1 was isolated from mulberry leaves exhibiting symptoms of spot disease. Infection of mulberry seedlings by B. exigua led to significantly increased levels of defense enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), indicating that B. exigua triggers a strong immune response in the host. B. exigua infection in mulberry leaves resulted in abundant hyphae and vesicular structures in the intercellular spaces and epidermal layers. Whole-genome sequencing of B. exigua unveiled a 34.33 Mb genome containing 12,060 coding genes, including a notable abundance of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Transcriptome analysis during mulberry infection revealed 509 upregulated and 335 downregulated genes, with a particular enrichment in genes related to carbohydrate metabolism and redox processes. Notably, the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase AUXILIARY ACTIVITY FAMILY 9 gene (BeAA9), which is localized to the plasma membrane, was highly upregulated in mulberry leaves infested by B. exigua. Knockout of BeAA9 led to a significant reduction in the pathogenicity of B. exigua. Furthermore, BeAA9 transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana suppressed BCL2 Associated X Protein (BAX)-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species bursts, while its overexpression diminished plant resistance to Botrytis cinerea and downregulated the expression of plant immune genes. These findings identify BeAA9 as a key virulence factor in B. exigua GXH1, shedding light on its role in suppressing plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yating Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yupan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenlian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yushan Mei
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Ntalouka F, Tsirivakou A. Morus alba: natural and valuable effects in weight loss management. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2024; 5:1395688. [PMID: 39544693 PMCID: PMC11561453 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2024.1395688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are conditions associated with serious comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prevalence of excessive fat accumulation is increasing worldwide, and thus the need for efficient and sustainable weight loss regimes has become a major issue in clinical practice. Despite the important advances in the development of anti-obesity medications (AOM), their side effects, cost, and accessibility, are limiting factors for their routine use. Conversely, the studies of medicinal plants for weight management holds strong promise as a growing area of research. This review consolidates the representative evidence about the beneficial impacts of Morus alba on weight management and associated metabolic parameters, encompassing: inhibition of digestive enzymes, and thus contribution to the energy deficit required for weight loss, improvements in glucose and lipid metabolism, and attenuation of adiposity. Findings from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations reviewed in the paper, demonstrate that white mulberry extracts have the potency to supplement efficiently and safely a healthy weight management approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Ntalouka
- Department of Research and Development, Herbalist P.C., Athens, Greece
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Cao Y, Zhao X, Zheng K, Wu J, Lv Z, Huang X, Jiang Y, Fang W, Cao Y, Jiang J. The Effect of Mulberry Silage Supplementation on the Carcass Fatness and Long-Chain Fatty Acid Composition of Growing Lambs Compared with Traditional Corn Silage. Foods 2024; 13:2739. [PMID: 39272504 PMCID: PMC11395012 DOI: 10.3390/foods13172739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lamb meat has become very popular with consumers in recent years due to its nutritional benefits. As a lean red meat, lamb is an important natural source of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids, which can be modified by adjustments in livestock feed. This study used proteomic and metabolic analyses to compare a basal ration supplemented with either mulberry silage or corn silage. Supplementation with mulberry silage led to a reduction in subcutaneous carcass fatness compared with corn silage. Additionally, changes in the proteome associated with fatty acid metabolism and oxidation resulted in decreased levels of saturated and trans fatty acids, while significantly increasing the levels of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and oleic acid and reducing linoleic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 136100, China
| | - Xiaoou Zhao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 136100, China
| | - Kaizhi Zheng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianliang Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yongqing Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Wenwen Fang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 136100, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 136100, China
| | - Junfang Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Cheng J, Luo M, Zhou DD, Huang S, Xiong R, Wu S, Saimaiti A, Li B, Shang A, Tang GY, Li H. Effects of Several Tea-like Plants on Liver Injury Induced by Alcohol via Their Antioxidation, Anti-Inflammation, and Regulation of Gut Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:2521. [PMID: 39200448 PMCID: PMC11353932 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver injury induced by alcohol is a serious global health problem. Several tea-like plants are widely used as beverages, which are drunk like tea. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects of eight tea-like plant extracts with the intake of 200 mg/kg.bw/day were investigated and compared using a C57BL/6J mouse model of acute alcohol exposure, including sweet tea, vine tea, Rabdosia serra kudo, broadleaf holly leaf, mulberry leaf, bamboo leaf, Camellia nitidissima, and Akebia trifoliata peels. The results showed that the eight tea-like plants had hepatoprotective effects to different degrees against acute alcohol exposure via enhancing the activities of alcoholic metabolism enzymes, ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, as well as regulating gut microbiota. In particular, sweet tea, bamboo leaf, mulberry leaf, and Camellia nitidissima increased the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase or aldehyde dehydrogenase. Among these tea-like plants, sweet tea and Camellia nitidissima had the greatest hepatoprotective effects, and their bioactive compounds were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Chlorogenic acid, rutin, and ellagic acid were identified in sweet tea, and epicatechin, rutin, and ellagic acid were identified in Camellia nitidissima, which could contribute to their hepatoprotective action. These tea-like plants could be drunk or developed into functional food against alcoholic liver injury, especially sweet tea and Camellia nitidissima. In the future, the effects of sweet tea and Camellia nitidissima on chronic alcoholic liver diseases should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China (A.S.)
| | - Min Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China (A.S.)
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Food & Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Siyu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China (A.S.)
| | - Ruogu Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China (A.S.)
| | - Sixia Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China (A.S.)
| | - Adila Saimaiti
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China (A.S.)
| | - Bangyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China (A.S.)
| | - Ao Shang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China (A.S.)
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Choi D, Im HB, Choi SJ, Han D. Safety classification of herbal medicine use among hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1321523. [PMID: 38881876 PMCID: PMC11176523 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1321523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The use of herbal medicines (HMs) for the treatment of hypertension (HTN) is increasing globally, but research on the potential adverse effects and safety of HMs in HTN patients is limited. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the global prevalence of HM usage among HTN patients and assess the safety of identified herbs based on current scientific evidence. Methods The PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched for cross-sectional studies on the use of HM among HTN patients. Our review includes studies published in English up to the year 2023. After extracting and appraising the data from the studies, a meta-analysis was conducted using the Stata version 16.0 to estimate the pooled prevalence of HM use in patients with HTN (PROSPERO: CRD42023405537). The safety classification of the identified HM was done based on the existing scientific literature. Results This study analyzed 37 cross-sectional studies from 21 countries and found that 37.8% of HTN patients used HM to manage their health. The prevalence of HM use varied significantly based on publication year and geographical region. Among the 71 identified herbs, Allium sativum L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., and Olea europaea L. were the most commonly used. However, four herbs were identified as contraindicated, 50 herbs required caution, and only 11 herbs were considered safe for use. Conclusion The study highlights the potential risks of toxicities and adverse effects associated with HM use in the treatment of HTN. Ensuring patient safety involves using safe HMs in appropriate doses and avoiding contraindicated HMs. Future research should focus on identifying commonly used herbs, especially in resource-limited countries with poor HTN management, and additional clinical research is required to assess the toxicity and safety of commonly used HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dain Choi
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyea Bin Im
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeung Choi
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoon Han
- Department of Global Health and Development, Graduate School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Health Services Management, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hu Y, Zhang Y, Cui X, Wang D, Hu Y, Wang C. Structure-function relationship and biological activity of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131701. [PMID: 38643920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Mulberry (Latin name "Morus alba L.") is a perennial deciduous tree in the family of Moraceae, widely distributed around the world. In China, mulberry is mainly distributed in the south and the Yangtze River basin. Its leaves can be harvested 3-6 times a year, which has a great resource advantage. Mulberry leaves are regarded as the homology of medicine and food traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Polysaccharides, as its main active ingredients, have various effects, such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory. This review summarizes the research progress in the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and structure-function relationship of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves in the last decade, hoping to provide a reference for the subsequent development and market application of polysaccharides from mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Hu
- College of Biology, Food & Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Biology, Food & Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Xiaoao Cui
- College of Biology, Food & Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- College of Biology, Food & Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yong Hu
- Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Chuyan Wang
- College of Biology, Food & Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Key Laboratory of Berry Processing and Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
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Hou J, Ji X, Chu X, Wang B, Sun K, Wei H, Zhang Y, Song Z, Wen F. Mulberry Leaf Dietary Supplementation Can Improve the Lipo-Nutritional Quality of Pork and Regulate Gut Microbiota in Pigs: A Comprehensive Multi-Omics Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1233. [PMID: 38672381 PMCID: PMC11047539 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mulberry leaves, a common traditional Chinese medicine, represent a potential nutritional strategy to improve the fat profile, also known as the lipo-nutrition, of pork. However, the effects of mulberry leaves on pork lipo-nutrition and the microorganisms and metabolites in the porcine gut remain unclear. In this study, multi-omics analysis was employed in a Yuxi black pig animal model to explore the possible regulatory mechanism of mulberry leaves on pork quality. Sixty Yuxi black pigs were divided into two groups: the control group (n = 15) was fed a standard diet, and the experimental group (n = 45) was fed a diet supplemented with 8% mulberry leaves. Experiments were performed in three replicates (n = 15 per replicate); the two diets were ensured to be nutritionally balanced, and the feeding period was 120 days. The results showed that pigs receiving the diet supplemented with mulberry leaves had significantly reduced backfat thickness (p < 0.05) and increased intramuscular fat (IMF) content (p < 0.05) compared with pigs receiving the standard diet. Lipidomics analysis showed that mulberry leaves improved the lipid profile composition and increased the proportion of triglycerides (TGs). Interestingly, the IMF content was positively correlated with acyl C18:2 and negatively correlated with C18:1 of differential TGs. In addition, the cecal microbiological analysis showed that mulberry leaves could increase the abundance of bacteria such as UCG-005, Muribaculaceae_norank, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Limosilactobacillus. Simultaneously, the relative levels of L-tyrosine-ethyl ester, oleic acid methyl ester, 21-deoxycortisol, N-acetyldihydrosphingosine, and mulberrin were increased. Furthermore, we found that mulberry leaf supplementation significantly increased the mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid-binding protein 4, and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ in muscle (p < 0.01). Mulberry leaf supplementation significantly increased the mRNA expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (p < 0.05) while significantly decreasing the expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase in backfat (p < 0.05). Furthermore, mulberry leaf supplementation significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (p < 0.05) in backfat. In addition, mulberry leaf supplementation led to increased serum leptin and adiponectin (p < 0.01). Collectively, this omic profile is consistent with an increased ratio of IMF to backfat in the pig model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hou
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Xiang Ji
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Xiaoran Chu
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Binjie Wang
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Kangle Sun
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Haibo Wei
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
| | - Zhen Song
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
- The Kay Laboratory of High Quality Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Luoyang, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Fengyun Wen
- College of Animal Scienceand Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (J.H.)
- The Kay Laboratory of High Quality Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Resources and Genetic Breeding of Luoyang, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
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Boers HM, van Dijk TH, Duchateau GS, Mela DJ, Hiemstra H, Hoogenraad AR, Priebe MG. Effect of mulberry fruit extract on glucose fluxes after a wheat porridge meal: a dual isotope study in healthy human subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:741-747. [PMID: 36944719 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown the efficacy of mulberry extracts for lowering post-prandial glucose (PPG) responses. The postulated mechanism is slowing of glucose absorption, but effects on glucose disposal or endogenous production are also possible. This research assessed the effect of a specified mulberry fruit extract (MFE) on these three glucose flux parameters. METHODS The study used a double-blind, randomized, controlled, full cross-over design. In 3 counter-balanced treatments, 12 healthy adult male subjects, mean (SD) age 24.9 (2.50) years and body mass index 22.5 (1.57) kg/m2, consumed porridge prepared from 13C-labelled wheat, with or without addition of 0.75 g MFE, or a solution of 13C-glucose in water. A co-administered 2H-glucose venous infusion allowed for assessment of glucose disposal. Glucose flux parameters, cumulative absorption (time to 50% absorption, T50%abs), and PPG positive incremental area under the curve from 0 to 120 min (+iAUC0-120) were determined from total and isotopically labelled glucose in plasma. As this exploratory study was not powered for formal inferential statistical tests, results are reported as the mean percent difference (or minutes for T50%abs) between treatments with 95% CI. RESULTS MFE increased mean T50%abs by 10.2 min, (95% CI 3.9-16.5 min), and reduced mean 2 h post-meal rate of glucose appearance by 8.4% (95% CI -14.9 to -1.4%) and PPG + iAUC0-120 by 11% (95% CI -26.3 to -7.3%), with no significant changes in glucose disposal or endogenous production. CONCLUSIONS The PPG-lowering effect of MFE is primarily mediated by a reduced rate of glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanny M Boers
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, 6708 WH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo H van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guus S Duchateau
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, 6708 WH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Mela
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, 6708 WH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harry Hiemstra
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, 6708 WH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marion G Priebe
- Center for Medical Biomics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Luo L, Fan W, Qin J, Guo S, Xiao H, Tang Z. Pharmacological and Pathological Effects of Mulberry Leaf Extract on the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5403-5421. [PMID: 37504259 PMCID: PMC10378407 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45070343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pharmacological and pathological effects of aqueous mulberry leaf extract on type 1 diabetes mellitus mice induced with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic mice were randomized into six groups: control (normal group), model, metformin-treated mice, and high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose mulberry. The mulberry-treated mice were divided into high-, medium-, and low-dose groups based on the various doses of aqueous mulberry leaf extract during gavage. The efficacy of the six-week intervention was evaluated by measuring levels of fasting plasma glucose, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lactate dehydrogenase, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and recording body weight. Results revealed that mulberry leaf extract exhibited an ideal hypoglycemic effect, and the high-dose group was the most affected. Histology analysis, glycogen staining and apoptosis detection were used to study the extract's effects on the liver, kidney, and pancreatic cells of diabetic mice, enabling the assessment of its effectiveness and complications on a clinical and theoretical basis. It was shown that a certain concentration of aqueous mulberry leaf extract repaired the islet cells of type 1 diabetes mellitus mice, promoting normal insulin secretion. Herein, it was confirmed that mulberry leaf could be used to develop new hypoglycemic drugs or functional health food with broad applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liru Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jingping Qin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shiyin Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhonghai Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Rapeseed Oil Nutrition Health and Deep Development, Changsha 410128, China
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