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Sharma V, Mottafegh A, Joo JU, Kang JH, Wang L, Kim DP. Toward microfluidic continuous-flow and intelligent downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2861-2882. [PMID: 38751338 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01097j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Biopharmaceuticals have emerged as powerful therapeutic agents, revolutionizing the treatment landscape for various diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune and genetic disorders. These biotherapeutics pave the way for precision medicine with their unique and targeted capabilities. The production of high-quality biologics entails intricate manufacturing processes, including cell culture, fermentation, purification, and formulation, necessitating specialized facilities and expertise. These complex processes are subject to rigorous regulatory oversight to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and quality of biotherapeutics prior to clinical approval. Consequently, these drugs undergo extensive purification unit operations to achieve high purity by effectively removing impurities and contaminants. The field of personalized precision medicine necessitates the development of novel and highly efficient technologies. Microfluidic technology addresses unmet needs by enabling precise and compact separation, allowing rapid, integrated and continuous purification modules. Moreover, the integration of intelligent biomanufacturing systems with miniaturized devices presents an opportunity to significantly enhance the robustness of complex downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals, with the benefits of automation and advanced control. This allows seamless data exchange, real-time monitoring, and synchronization of purification steps, leading to improved process efficiency, data management, and decision-making. Integrating autonomous systems into biopharmaceutical purification ensures adherence to regulatory standards, such as good manufacturing practice (GMP), positioning the industry to effectively address emerging market demands for personalized precision nano-medicines. This perspective review will emphasize on the significance, challenges, and prospects associated with the adoption of continuous, integrated, and intelligent methodologies in small-scale downstream processing for various types of biologics. By utilizing microfluidic technology and intelligent systems, purification processes can be enhanced for increased efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory compliance, shaping the future of biopharmaceutical production and enabling the development of personalized and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Amirreza Mottafegh
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Un Joo
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Ho Kang
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Doering M, Trinkies LL, Kieninger J, Kraut M, Rupitsch SJ, Dittmeyer R, Urban GA, Weltin A. In Situ Performance Monitoring of Electrochemical Oxygen and Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors in an Additively Manufactured Modular Microreactor. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19700-19711. [PMID: 38708269 PMCID: PMC11064172 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Miniaturized and microstructured reactors in process engineering are essential for a more decentralized, flexible, sustainable, and resilient chemical production. Modern, additive manufacturing methods for metals enable complex reactor-geometries, increased functionality, and faster design iterations, a clear advantage over classical subtractive machining and polymer-based approaches. Integrated microsensors allow online, in situ process monitoring to optimize processes like the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. We developed a modular tube-in-tube membrane reactor fabricated from stainless steel via 3D printing by laser powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M). The reactor concept enables the spatially separated dosage and resaturation of two gaseous reactants across a membrane into a liquid process medium. Uniquely, we integrated platinum-based electrochemical sensors for the online detection of analytes to reveal the dynamics inside the reactor. An advanced chronoamperometric protocol combined the simultaneous concentration measurement of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen with monitoring of the sensor performance and self-calibration in long-term use. We demonstrated the highly linear and sensitive monitoring of hydrogen peroxide and dissolved oxygen entering the liquid phase through the membrane. Our measurements delivered important real-time insights into the dynamics of the concentrations in the reactor, highlighting the power of electrochemical sensors applied in process engineering. We demonstrated the stable continuous measurement over 1 week and estimated the sensor lifetime for months in the acidic process medium. Our approach combines electrochemical sensors for process monitoring with advanced, additively manufactured stainless steel membrane microreactors, supporting the power of sensor-equipped microreactors as contributors to the paradigm change in process engineering and toward a greener chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Doering
- Laboratory
for Sensors, IMTEK − Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory
for Electrical Instrumentation and Embedded Systems, IMTEK −
Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura L. Trinkies
- Institute
of Micro Process Engineering (IMVT), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jochen Kieninger
- Laboratory
for Sensors, IMTEK − Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory
for Electrical Instrumentation and Embedded Systems, IMTEK −
Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Kraut
- Institute
of Micro Process Engineering (IMVT), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan J. Rupitsch
- Laboratory
for Electrical Instrumentation and Embedded Systems, IMTEK −
Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Institute
of Micro Process Engineering (IMVT), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gerald A. Urban
- Laboratory
for Sensors, IMTEK − Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Weltin
- Laboratory
for Sensors, IMTEK − Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory
for Electrical Instrumentation and Embedded Systems, IMTEK −
Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Faye Y, Rkein B, Bigot A, Lequeux T, Legros J, Chataigner I. Photocatalyzed (3+2) Cycloaddition for the Dearomatization of Electron-Poor Arenes under Flow Conditions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301567. [PMID: 37306243 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalyzed dearomative reaction between various electron-deficient aromatic compounds and a non-stabilized azomethine ylide is successfully performed in a flow system. Whereas the use of supported eosin as organic photocatalyst exhibits limited efficiency, turning to the soluble Rose Bengal allows to transform a broad range of substrates from hetarenes (indole, benzofuran, quinoline, pyridine) to naphthalenes and benzenes. This photocatalyzed (3+2) dearomative cycloaddition under green light irradiation provides a simple and efficient access to tridimensional pyrrolidino scaffolds with a tetrasubstituted carbon center at ring junction and can be performed in the friendly ethyl acetate. Computational studies support the mechanism involving azomethine ylide as reactive species toward the electron-poor arene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssou Faye
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Batoul Rkein
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Antoine Bigot
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Lequeux
- Normandie Univ., ENSICAEN, Unicaen, CNRS, LCMT, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Julien Legros
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Chataigner
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA, 76000, Rouen, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, LCT UMR7616, 75005, Paris, France
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Kaisin G, Bovy L, Joyard Y, Maindron N, Tadino V, Monbaliu JCM. A perspective on automated advanced continuous flow manufacturing units for the upgrading of biobased chemicals toward pharmaceuticals. J Flow Chem 2022; 13:1-15. [PMID: 36467977 PMCID: PMC9707424 DOI: 10.1007/s41981-022-00247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomass is a renewable, almost infinite reservoir of a large diversity of highly functionalized chemicals. The conversion of biomass toward biobased platform molecules through biorefineries generally still lacks economic viability. Profitability could be enhanced through the development of new market opportunities for these biobased platform chemicals. The fine chemical industry, and more specifically the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals is one of the sectors bearing significant potential for these biobased building blocks to rapidly emerge and make a difference. There are, however, still many challenges to be dealt with before this market can thrive. Continuous flow technology and its integration for the upgrading of biobased platform molecules for the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals is foreseen as a game-changer. This perspective reflects on the main challenges relative to chemical, process, regulatory and supply chain-related burdens still to be addressed. The implementation of integrated continuous flow processes and their automation into modular units will help for tackling with these challenges. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Kaisin
- SynLock SRL, Rue de la Vieille Sambre 153, B-5190 Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - Loïc Bovy
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Research Unit MolSys, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Yoann Joyard
- SynLock SRL, Rue de la Vieille Sambre 153, B-5190 Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Maindron
- SynLock SRL, Rue de la Vieille Sambre 153, B-5190 Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - Vincent Tadino
- SynLock SRL, Rue de la Vieille Sambre 153, B-5190 Jemeppe-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Research Unit MolSys, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Sart Tilman, Belgium
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