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Zhang Y, Cai C, Xu K, Yang X, Yu L, Gao L, Dong S. A supramolecular approach for converting renewable biomass into functional materials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1315-1324. [PMID: 38170848 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01692g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The rational transformation and utilization of biomass have attracted increasing attention because of its high importance in sustainable development and green economy. In this study, we used a supramolecular approach to convert biomass into functional materials. Six biomass raw materials with distinct chemical structures and physical properties were copolymerized with thioctic acid (TA) to afford poly[TA-biomass]s. The solvent-free copolymerization leads to the convenient and quantitative fabrication of biomass-based versatile materials. The non-covalent bonding and reversible solid-liquid transitions in poly[TA-biomass]s endow them with diversified features, including thermal processability, 3D printing, wet and dry adhesion, recyclability, impact resistance, and antimicrobial activity. Benefiting from their good biocompatibility and nontoxicity, these biomass-based materials are promising candidates for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Changyong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Leixiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Lingyan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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2
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Luo S, Wang N, Pan Y, Zheng B, Li F, Dong S. Supramolecular/Dynamic Covalent Design of High-Performance Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive from Natural Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310839. [PMID: 38225689 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Adhesive materials have played an essential role in the history of humanity. Natural adhesives composed of low-molecular-weight monomers have been overshadowed by modern petroleum-based glues. With the development of green economy, the demand for eco-friendly materials has increased. Herein, two natural biocompatible compounds, namely thioctic acid (TA) and malic acid (MA), are selected to prepare a high-performance pressure-sensitive adhesive poly[TA-MA]. This adhesive can be quantitatively obtained via a simple mixing and heating process. Poly[TA-MA] shows interesting and useful properties, including reversible flexibility, high elongation, and good self-healing, owing to its dynamic polymerization pattern and reversible cross-linking behavior. Poly[TA-MA] exhibits excellent adhesion performance under various extreme conditions, such as at low temperatures and in hot water. High values of shear strength (3.86 MPa), peel strength (7.90 N cm-1 ), loop tack (10.60 N cm-1 ), tensile strength (1.02 MPa), and shear resistance (1628 h) demonstrate the strong adhesive effect of poly[TA-MA]. Additionally, TA can be regenerated in the monomer forms from poly[TA-MA] with high recovery rate (>90%). Meanwhile, strong anti-bacterial behavior of poly[TA-MA] is recorded. This study not only reported a new pressure-sensitive adhesive but also fully displayed the feasibility of using natural small molecules to achieve robust surface adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Na Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanjuan Pan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Fenfang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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3
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Deng H, Wang H, Tian Y, Lin Z, Cui J, Chen J. Highly stretchable and self-healing photoswitchable supramolecular fluorescent polymers for underwater anti-counterfeiting. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:5256-5262. [PMID: 37740393 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the non-destructiveness and spatial-controllability of light, photoswitchable fluorescent polymers (PFPs) have been successfully applied in advanced anti-counterfeiting and information encryption. However, most of them are not suitable for use in harsh underwater environments, including high salinity seawater. In this study, by integrating photochromic molecules into a hydrophobic polymer matrix with the fluorine elastomer, including dipole-dipole interactions, we describe a class of novel photoswitchable supramolecular fluorescent polymers (PSFPs) that can adaptively change their fluorescence between none, green and red by the irradiation of different light. The PSFPs not only exhibited excellent photoswitchable properties, including fast photo-responsibility, prominent photo-reversibility, and photostability, but also exhibited some desired properties, including exceptional stretchability, hydrophobicity, antifouling, self-healing ability, simple preparation process, and processability. We thus demonstrated their applications in underwater data encryption and anti-counterfeiting labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Yong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Zhong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan Province College Key Laboratory of QSAR/QSPR, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
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4
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Jiang Y, Ran Z, Wu Y, Zhang M, Ma Y, Zhang D. Reversible fluorescent adhesives based on covalent adaptable networks with dynamic AIE crosslinking: in situ visualization of adhesion capability. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12423-12426. [PMID: 37755140 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A new family of reversible fluorescent adhesives based on Diels-Alder covalent adaptable networks with dynamic AIE crosslinks was developed. The accurate intrinsic correlation between the emission behavior, cross-linking state, and adhesion capability can be established, enabling the in situ visualization of adhesion capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyu Ran
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yangfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daohong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, Hubei R&D Center of Hyperbranched Polymers Synthesis and Applications, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Li X, Chen K, Li Y, Feng S, Su P, Zou Y, Li Y, Wang W. Super Adhesive Fluorescent Materials for Encrypted Messages, Underwater Leak Repair, and Their Potential Application in Fluorescent Tattoos. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300282. [PMID: 37461805 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Achieving high-performance luminescence for underwater bonding remains a significant challenge in materials science. This study addresses this issue by synthesizing a luminescent material based on an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) monomer and copolymerizing it with lipoic acid (LA) to create an AIE supramolecular polymer. The resulting copolymer exhibits strong fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation at 365 nm due to the AIE of TPEE and enables underwater adhesion. The P(LA-TPEE) polymer demonstrates potential for digital encryption and decryption of quick response (QR) codes underwater. Furthermore, it can dissolve well in anhydrous ethanol, producing an environment-friendly and super waterproof adhesive. Most notably, the P(LA-TPEE) solution can be sprayed on human skin, creating an invisible tattoo that only became visible under UV light due to the hydrogen bond (H-bond) and π-π structures. This smart tattoo can be quickly wiped away with alcohol, avoiding the painful and harmful process of tattoo removal. It can also be repeatedly applied to draw the preferred tattoo pattern. This AIE supramolecular polymer shows great potential in underwater adhesion and repair, underwater message encryption, and non-toxic and painless invisible tattooing. Overall, this study provides a valuable approach for material design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Kangbo Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yaping Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - ShuaiShuai Feng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Peipei Su
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yang Zou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yi Li
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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6
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Li F, Mo J, Zhang Z, Shi SQ, Li J, Cao J, Wang Z. Achieving strong, stable, and durable underwater adhesives based on a simple and generic amino-acid-resembling design. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 37183590 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing underwater adhesives is important in many applications. Despite extensive progress, achieving strong, stable, and durable underwater adhesion via a simple and effective way is still challenging, mainly due to the conflict between the interfacial and bulk properties. Here, we report a unique bio-inspired strategy to facilely construct superior underwater adhesives with desirable interfacial and bulk properties. For adhesive design, a hydrophilic backbone is utilized to quickly absorb water for effective dehydration, and a novel amino acid-resembling functional block is developed to provide versatile molecular interactions for high interfacial adhesion. Moreover, the conjunction of these two components enables the generation of abundant covalent crosslinks for robust bulk cohesion. Such a rational design allows the adhesive to present a boosted underwater adhesion (3.92 MPa to glass), remarkable durability (maintaining high strength after one month), and good stability in various harsh environments (pH, salt, high temperature, and organic solvents). This strategy is generic, allowing the derivation of more similar adhesive designs easily and triggering new thinking for designing bio-inspired adhesives and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application & Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiaying Mo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Caradiovasular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application & Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Sheldon Q Shi
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jianzhang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application & Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jinfeng Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application & Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Li H, Zhang J, Xue H, Li L, Liu X, Yang L, Gu Z, Cheng Y, Li Y, Huang Q. An injectable all-small-molecule dynamic metallogel for suppressing sepsis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1789-1794. [PMID: 36853277 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00005b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
All-small-molecule dynamic hydrogels have shown great promise in cell culture, tissue engineering, and controlled drug release. The further development of more kinds of all-small-molecule dynamic hydrogels is severely hindered by the lack of enough commensurate building blocks from nature and on the market. Inspired by the widely developed metal-organic framework structures, herein we report a facile fabrication of metallogels by direct gelation of small molecular compounds including aminoglycosides (AGs), 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxaldehyde (BIPY), and metal ions via coordination interactions and Schiff base reactions. These prepared metallogels exhibited good biodegradability and biosafety, excellent conductivity, tunable mechanical properties and potent antibacterial activities both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides a new strategy for expanding the scope of all-small-molecule dynamic metallogels for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Hongrui Xue
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, the Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Xun Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| | - Quan Huang
- Department of Orthopedics Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, the Navy Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Zhang Y, Cai C, Li F, Dong S. Supramolecular Soft Material Enabled by Metal Coordination and Hydrogen Bonding: Stretchability, Self-Healing, Impact Resistance, 3D Printing, and Motion Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300857. [PMID: 37035948 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal coordination can significantly improve the macroscopic performance of many materials by enhancing their dynamic features. In this study, two supramolecular interactions, Fe3+ -carboxylic acid coordination, and structural water-induced hydrogen bonding, into an artificial polymer were introduced. Various attractive features, including flexibility and stretchability, are achieved because of the bulk state and dynamic hydrogen bonds of poly(thioctic acid-water) (poly[TA-H]). These unique features are considerably enhanced after the incorporation of Fe3+ cations into poly[TA-H] because metal coordination increased the mobility of the poly[TA-H] chains. Thus, the poly(thioctic acid-water-metal) (poly[TA-HM]) copolymer exhibited better flexibility and stretchability. Moreover, notable underwater/low-temperature self-healing capacity is obtained via the synergistic effect of the metal and hydrogen bonding. Most of the impact energy is quickly absorbed by poly[TA-H] or poly[TA-HM] and effectively and rapidly dissipated via reversible debonding/bonding via the interactions between the metal and hydrogen. Macroscopic plastic deformation or structural failure is not observed during high-speed (50-70 m s-1 ) impact experiments or high-altitude (90 m) falling tests. Furthermore, poly[TA-HM] displayed good thermal molding properties, which enabled its processing via 3D fused deposition modeling printing. Poly[TA-HM] also showed considerable effectiveness for monitoring complicated, dynamic, and irregular biological activities owing to its highly pressure-sensitive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Changyong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fenfang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Shengyi Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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Sun P, Qin B, Xu J, Zhang X. High‐Performance Supramolecular Adhesives. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bo Qin
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jiang‐Fei Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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Xu S, Zhang H, Li Q, Liu H, Ji X. AIEgen-Enabled Multicolor Visualization for the Formation of Supramolecular Polymer Networks. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227881. [PMID: 36431981 PMCID: PMC9695632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extensive reports on the use of supramolecular polymer networks (SPNs) in self-healing materials, controlled release system and degradable products have led more researchers to tap their potential owing to the unique properties. Yet, the attendant efforts in the visualization through conventional luminescence methods during the formation of SPNs have been met with limited success. Herein, we designed a special type of SPNs prepared by PPMU polymer chains containing pyrene benzohydrazonate (PBHZ) molecules as AIEgens for the multicolor visualization with naked eyes. The complete detection of the formation process of the networks relied on the PBHZ molecules with aggregation-induced ratiometric emission (AIRE) effect, which enabled the fluorescence of the polymer networks transits from blue to cyan, and then to green with the increasing crosslinking degree derived from the hydrogen bonds between 2-ureido-4-pyrimidone (UPy) units of the polymer chains. Additionally, we certificated the stimuli-responsiveness of the obtained SPNs, and the fluorescence change, as well as observing the morphology transition. The AIEgen-enabled multicolor visualization of the formation of SPNs may provide better understanding of the details of the crosslinking interactions in the microstructural evolution, giving more inspiration for the multifunctional products based on SPNs.
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