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Zheng GS, Shen CL, Niu CY, Lou Q, Jiang TC, Li PF, Shi XJ, Song RW, Deng Y, Lv CF, Liu KK, Zang JH, Cheng Z, Dong L, Shan CX. Photooxidation triggered ultralong afterglow in carbon nanodots. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2365. [PMID: 38491012 PMCID: PMC10943204 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
It remains a challenge to obtain biocompatible afterglow materials with long emission wavelengths, durable lifetimes, and good water solubility. Herein we develop a photooxidation strategy to construct near-infrared afterglow carbon nanodots with an extra-long lifetime of up to 5.9 h, comparable to that of the well-known rare-earth or organic long-persistent luminescent materials. Intriguingly, size-dependent afterglow lifetime evolution from 3.4 to 5.9 h has been observed from the carbon nanodots systems in aqueous solution. With structural/ultrafast dynamics analysis and density functional theory simulations, we reveal that the persistent luminescence in carbon nanodots is activated by a photooxidation-induced dioxetane intermediate, which can slowly release and convert energy into luminous emission via the steric hindrance effect of nanoparticles. With the persistent near-infrared luminescence, tissue penetration depth of 20 mm can be achieved. Thanks to the high signal-to-background ratio, biological safety and cancer-specific targeting ability of carbon nanodots, ultralong-afterglow guided surgery has been successfully performed on mice model to remove tumor tissues accurately, demonstrating potential clinical applications. These results may facilitate the development of long-lasting luminescent materials for precision tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Song Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Cheng-Long Shen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chun-Yao Niu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qing Lou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Tian-Ci Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Peng-Fei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Run-Wei Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chao-Fan Lv
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Kai-Kai Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jin-Hao Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chong-Xin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Wu H, Fang Y, Tian L, Liu X, Zhou X, Chen X, Gao H, Qin H, Liu Y. AIE Nanozyme-Based Long Persistent Chemiluminescence and Fluorescence for POCT of Pathogenic Bacteria. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3205-3214. [PMID: 37552936 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria are widely distributed in diverse environments and significantly threaten human health. Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a valuable way for early warnings of bacteria threat. Herein, a chemiluminescence (CL)-based ratiometric sensing platform was constructed for sensitive POCT of bacteria according to a newly designed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecule. The new AIE molecule presents oxidase-like properties (named as AIEzyme) and can trigger long persistent CL of luminol (LUM) with strong intensity in the absence of H2O2. The CL emission can be monitored with the naked eye for over 2 h. The emission mechanism is explored and may be attributed to the persistent reactive oxygen species generation of the AIEzyme according to the cyclic energy transfer between the AIEzyme and luminol, which catalyzes CL of luminol. Based on the CL resonance energy transfer mechanism, an afterglow luminescence system is further developed, which is used to construct a ratiometric biosensor for detection of pathogenic bacteria. With a homemade holder as a detection room and a smartphone as an analyzer, the portable biosensing platform is used for quantitative POCT of bacteria in real samples with good recovery. The detection is free of H2O2 and an external excitation source, which not only simplifies the operation but reduces interference. Specifically, the long persistent luminescence and the ratiometric strategy can significantly improve accuracy, providing an instructive way for point-of-need analysis, for example, SARS-CoV-2 detection and bioimaging analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Li Tian
- China Resources Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 100120, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Heqi Gao
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haijuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Qin X, Zhan Z, Zhang R, Chu K, Whitworth Z, Ding Z. Nitrogen- and sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots for chemiluminescence. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3864-3871. [PMID: 36723371 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), as one of the most promising luminescent nanomaterials, have been receiving increasing attention in various applications. However, it is still a challenge to improve their chemiluminescence (CL) quantum efficiency. Herein, the CL emissions of nitrogen- and sulfur-doped GQDs (NS-GQDs), nitrogen-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) and undoped GQDs synthesized through one-pot high-temperature pyrolysis are investigated in their chemical reactions with bis(2-carbopentyloxy-3,5,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (CPPO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). A bright blue emission, and yellowish green and yellowish white light from NS-GQDs, N-GQDs and GQDs can be observed, respectively, in the mixture solutions with CPPO and H2O2. For the first time, spooling CL spectroscopy was used to investigate the CL reaction mechanisms, illuminant decays and the absolute CL efficiencies of these three GQD systems. Compared with the same system of undoped GQDs, it has been found that the NS-GQDs not only present slower illuminant decay, but also display an absolute CL quantum efficiency of 0.01%, 5-fold enhancement, due to the increase in N and S doping for a well-defined band gap energy. Moreover, three peak wavelengths attributed to intrinsic emission at 425 nm, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) at 575 nm and S-doped emissive surface states at 820 nm are observed for the first time in the NS-GQD system. The CL spectrum of N-GQDs displays two emission peaks at 395 and 575 nm attributed to intrinsic emission and AIE, whereas the CL spectrum of undoped GQDs demonstrates 500 nm and 600 nm peak wavelengths attributed to core emission and AIE. Absolute CL quantum efficiencies from these emissions at these various peaks can be determined quantitatively. This study provides guidance on tuning the surface states of GQD for more conducive injection of electrons and holes, facilitating the production of CL emission, which is beneficial for promoting the development of optical, bioassay and energy conversion applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ziying Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kenneth Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Zackry Whitworth
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Fan H, Sun Q, Dukenbayev K, Benassi E, Manarbek L, Nurkesh AA, Khamijan M, Mu C, Li G, Razbekova M, Chen Z, Amin A, Xie Y. Carbon nanoparticles induce DNA repair and PARP inhibitor resistance associated with nanozyme activity in cancer cells. Cancer Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-022-00144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Quantum nanodots especially carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) have been widely studied in biomedicine in imaging, and drug delivery, but anti-cancer mechanisms remain elusive.
Methods
Here, we investigated a type of cell death induced by food (beet, soybean) derived CNPs in cancer cells and tested whether CNPs induced DNA damage and resistant to anti-cancer agent PARP inhibitor (PARPi) could be overcome by quantum calculations, TEM, AFM, FT-IR, soft agar assay, and cytotoxicity assay.
Results
At high doses, CNPs derived from beet lead to a pop-like apoptosis (Carbopoptosis) in cancer cells. Quantum mechanical calculations confirmed CNPs binding with phosphate groups as well as DNA bases. At low doses, CNPs develop PARPi drug resistance through interactions between CNPs and PARPi. A synergistic drug effect was achieved with the combination of phosphatase inhibitor (PPi), PARPi, and CNPs. This is corroborated by the fact that sulfur modulated CNPs which exhibit super high phosphatase nanozyme activity abrogated the CNPs induced colony formation in anchorage-independent cancer cell growth.
Conclusion
Thus, our data suggest the CNPs intrinsic nanozyme activity of phosphatase may crosstalk with drug resistance, which can be reversed upon modulations.
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