In-vitro investigation of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/TiO2 composite membranes for wound regeneration

Bacterial infections significantly delay the physiological wound healing process and can cause further damage to the wound region. In the current work, we aim to design titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) incorporated with chitosan (Chi) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film using the casting method and to study their potential for faster wound healing. The prepared TiO2 NPs were analyzed for physicochemical properties, and TEM results showed an average particle size of 39.6 nm. The nanocomposite films were scrutinized by FTIR, XRD, and TGA analyses. The effective incorporation of the nanoparticles and their uniform dispersion within the Chi/PVA matrix was confirmed through SEM analysis. The composite films exhibited excellent hydrophilic properties (64.3°), along with favorable swelling and degradation rates, and mechanical properties similar to native skin tissue, ensuring comfortable interaction with wound beds. The better hemocompatibility, with an erythrocyte lysis percentage of 3.52 %, further supports the wound healing properties of these films. Additionally, composite films possess excellent antibacterial activity against wound pathogens such as B. subtilis and E. coli. Furthermore, an in vitro wound closure rate of 92.3 % at 48 h was observed for the TiO2 incorporated film (CPT3) using fibroblast HIH3T3 cells. The results suggest that it could be a promising biomaterial for wound healing application.

Naringin and graphene oxide incorporated Moringa oleifera gum/poly(vinyl) alcohol patch for enhanced wound healing

Patients and healthcare systems stand to gain much from the use of substances that can accelerate wound healing. In this research work, a polymeric patch was fabricated using polymers like poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Moringa oleifera gum (MO) incorporated with graphene oxide (GO) and naringin (Nar) (drug). This study determined the impact of using PVA/MO/GO/Nar polymeric patch on wound healing via in vitro and in vivo investigations. Graphene oxide was synthesized by modified Hummer's method. The synthesized sample was characterized using XRD, FT-IR, RAMAN Spectroscopy, FESEM and HRTEM. Antibacterial analysis of the GO on four different bacteria was studied through well diffusion, colony count, growth curve and biofilm assay. Biocompatibility was analysed by haemolysis assay. The morphology, antibacterial activity, haemolysis assay, swelling, degradation, porosity, water vapour transmission rate, drug release, blood pump model, in-vitro scratch assay and MTT assay were analysed for the fabricated polymeric patches under in-vitro condition. The PVA/MO/GO/Nar patch has shown enhanced wound healing in in-vivo wound healing experiments on albino Wistar rats.

Calcium oxide/silica nanocomposite and L. coromandelica bark incorporated κ-carrageenan/sodium alginate hydrogel for rapid hemostasis

Hemorrhage stands out as a leading factor contributing to fatalities in trauma cases. Hemorrhage is associated with the process of hemostasis. Hemostasis is the primary stage of wound healing. Hydrogels can aid in hemostasis and minimize the duration of wound healing. Calcium is one of the clotting factors and is a key component for the activation of the coagulation cascade. In this work, we have developed a polymeric hydrogel matrix made up of κ-carrageenan and sodium alginate containing a calcium silica nanocomposite and a natural drug, namely the bark of L. coromandelica. The nanocomposite was characterized using various modalities such as XRD, FTIR, FESEM and HRTEM. The rheological and morphological properties of the pure and composite hydrogels were examined. The antimicrobial activity, hemocompatibility and hemostatic efficacy of the materials were studied using various in vitro assays including bacterial growth curve analysis, colony counting, anti-biofilm assay, hemolysis assay and in vivo clotting studies. The drug incorporated nanocomposite hydrogel exhibited superior activity in animal models.

Fabrication of a Chitosan-Based Wound Dressing Patch for Enhanced Antimicrobial, Hemostatic, and Wound Healing Application

Wounds are a serious life threat that occurs in daily life. The complex cascade of synchronized cellular and molecular phases in wound healing is impaired by different means, involving infection, neuropathic complexes, abnormal blood circulation, and cell proliferation at the wound region. Thus, to overcome these problems, a multifunctional wound dressing material is fabricated. In the current research work, we have fabricated a wound dressing polymeric patch, with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (Cs) incorporated with a photocatalytic graphene nanocomposite (GO/TiO₂(V-N)) and curcumin by a gel casting method, that focuses on multiple stages of the healing process. The morphology, swelling, degradation, moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR), porosity, light-induced antibacterial activity, hemolysis, blood clotting, blood abortion, light-induced biocompatibility, migration assay, and drug release were analyzed for the polymeric patches under in vitro conditions. PVA/Cs/GO/TiO₂(V-N)/Cur patches have shown enhanced wound healing in in vivo wound healing experiments on Wister rats. They show higher collagen deposition, thicker granulation tissue, and higher fibroblast density than conventional dressing. A histological study shows excellent re-epithelialization ability and dense collagen deposition. In vitro and in vivo analysis confirmed that PVA/Cs/GO/TiO₂(V-N) and PVA/Cs/GO/TiO₂(V-N)/Cur patches enhance the wound healing process.