Hyperpatone A, a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol with a rare 8/6/5/6/5 pentacyclic skeleton from Hypericum patulum

Spirohypertones A and B as potent antipsoriatics: Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors with unprecedented chemical architectures

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a promising target for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Spirohypertones A (1) and B (2), two unprecedented polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols with highly rearranged skeletons, were isolated from Hypericum patulum. The structures of 1 and 2 were confirmed through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism calculations. Importantly, 2 showed remarkable TNF-α inhibitory activity, which could protect L929 cells from death induced by co-incubation with TNF-α and actinomycin D. It also demonstrated the ability to suppress the inflammatory response in HaCaT cells stimulated with TNF-α. Notably, in an imiquimod-induced psoriasis murine model, 2 restrained symptoms of epidermal hyperplasia associated with psoriasis, presenting anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects. This discovery positions 2 as a potent TNF-α inhibitor, providing a promising lead compound for developing an antipsoriatic agent.

Discovery of adamantane-type polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols that can prevent concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice

Hyperadamans A-G (1-7), seven new adamantane type polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), were isolated from Hypericum wilsonii N. Robson. Structurally, 1-4 were the first adamantanes bearing an unusual 2,7-dioxabicyclo-[2.2.1]-heptane fragment, and compound 5 was the first adamantane with a rare 1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonane section. Importantly, 1-7 exhibited significant immunosuppressive activity on Con A-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, with IC50 values ranging from 3.97 ± 0.10 to 18.12 ± 1.07 μM. Pretreatment with 1 in Con A-challenged autoimmune hepatitis mice could dramatically ameliorate the levels of hepatic injury indexes (ALT and AST) and reduce the product of proinflammatory cytokines (COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-23A and TNF-α). Furthermore, the protective effect of 1 on the Con A-induced liver injury was corroborated by the histological analysis and the immunohistochemistry.