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Polkaehn J, Ehlers P, Villinger A, Langer P. Divergent Synthesis of 5,7-Diazaullazines Derivatives through a Combination of Cycloisomerization with Povarov or Alkyne-Carbonyl Metathesis. Molecules 2024; 29:2159. [PMID: 38731649 PMCID: PMC11085690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ullazines and their π-expanded derivatives have gained much attention as active components in various applications, such as in organic photovoltaic cells or as photosensitizers for CO2 photoreduction. Here, we report the divergent synthesis of functionalized diazaullazines by means of two different domino-reactions consisting of either a Povarov/cycloisomerization or alkyne-carbonyl metathesis/cycloisomerization protocol. The corresponding quinolino-diazaullazine and benzoyl-diazaullazine derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields. Their optical and electronic properties were studied and compared to related, literature-known compounds to obtain insights into the impact of nitrogen doping and π-expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Polkaehn
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT), University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Polkaehn J, Thom R, Ehlers P, Villinger A, Langer P. π-Expanded azaullazines: synthesis of quinolino-azaullazines by Povarov reaction and cycloisomerisation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2027-2042. [PMID: 38353980 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00091a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Doping and extension of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by simple and efficient synthetic methods is of increased demand for the development of novel and improved organic electronics. Diarylindolizino[6,5,4,3-ija]quinolino[2,3-c][1,6]naphthyridines (quinolino-azaullazines) were prepared by combination of Pd catalyzed cross-coupling with Povarov and cycloisomerisation reactions. The products contain an electron-rich ullazine and an electron-poor quinoline moiety and show intramolecular charge transfer properties that can be tuned by the substitution pattern. The optical properties were studied experimentally and further elaborated by (TD)DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Polkaehn
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Richard Thom
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Peter Langer
- Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT) at the University Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Matuszczyk D, Lee YJ, Kang S, Chmielewski PJ, Cybińska J, Kim D, Stępień M. π-Extended Hexapyrrolylbenzenes: Exploring Charge-Transfer Phenomena in Donor-Acceptor Propellers. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302429. [PMID: 37624878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A family of propeller-shaped donor-acceptor hexapyrrolylbenzenes (HPBs) were designed and synthesized by sequential nucleophilic substitution of hexafluorobenzene with π-extended pyrroles. In particular, four hybrids were obtained, containing various combinations of electron-rich and electron-poor acenaphthylene-fused pyrroles. Additionally, to probe the efficiency of ortho transfer interactions, a system was designed containing unique donor and acceptor subunits spatially separated with four unfunctionalized pyrroles. DFT calculations showed propeller-shaped geometries of all HPB molecules and separation of frontier molecular orbitals between donor and acceptor subunits. Steady-state and time-resolved photophysical measurements revealed charge-transfer (CT) character of the emission with strong positive dependence on solvent polarity. The principal CT pathway involves ortho-positioned pairs of donors and acceptors and requires bending of the acceptor in the excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Matuszczyk
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
- Polski, Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii (PORT), ul. Stabłowicka147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383, Wrocław, Poland
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Li J, Lao J, Zou H. Aza-dicyclopenta[ a, g]naphthalenes: controllable seesaw-like emissive behavior and narrowband AIEgens. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11203-11212. [PMID: 37860664 PMCID: PMC10583707 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03921h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular motions significantly influence the emissive behavior and properties of organic fluorescent molecules. However, achieving controllable emission remains a major challenge for fluorophores. In the case of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens), the desired properties of aggregated emission and narrowband spectrum demand molecular motion patterns that inherently oppose each other. A nitrogen-containing dicyclopenta[a,g]naphthalene scaffold was discovered as a controllable luminogenic structure through a highly efficient one-step intermolecular cascade reaction. By carefully balancing molecular motions and introducing additional nitrogen atoms into the skeleton, pyrrole-conjugated dicyclopenta[a,g]naphthalenes with aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) could be transformed into dual-state emission luminogens (DSEgens). This transformation was achieved by incorporating an additional weak H-bond "lock." Furthermore, the DSEgens could be converted into AIEgens with an exciting narrow full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM, <50 nm) by methylation. This unprecedented discovery is attributed to the contribution of the weak H-bond "lock," which overcomes the limitations of broad band emission in AIEgens caused by restrictions of intramolecular motion. Specific organelle probes were developed by replacing the methyl group of the onium product with different positioning groups. This study emphasizes the delicate balance of molecular motions in controlling luminescence and demonstrates a successful approach to designing organic luminogens with controllable emission and narrowband AIEgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Lao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
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Li S, Sun Y, Li X, Smaga O, Koniarz S, Stępień M, Chmielewski PJ. 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of polycyclic azomethine ylide to norcorroles: towards dibenzoullazine-fused derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6510-6513. [PMID: 35575428 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02071h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 1,3-cycloaddition reaction of 2-(tert-butyl)-8H-isoquinolino[4,3,2-de]phenanthridin-9-ium chloride to NiII norcorrole in the presence of base is shown to produce a family of chiral derivatives of polycyclic system(s) fused with pyrrole subunit(s) of the macrocycle. Dehydrogenation of the cycloaddition products gave rise to dibenzoullazine ortho-fused antiaromatic porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Yahan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China.
| | - Oskar Smaga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Koniarz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50 383 Wrocław, Poland.
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