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Kubo Y. Colorimetric Visualization of Chirality: From Molecular Sensors to Hierarchical Extension. Molecules 2025; 30:1748. [PMID: 40333769 PMCID: PMC12029905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30081748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2025] [Revised: 04/10/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 05/09/2025] Open
Abstract
The optical sensing of chirality is widely used in many fields, such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, food, and environmental materials. In this context, the color-based cascade amplification of chirality, coupled with chiral recognition for analytes, provides a low-cost and straightforward detection method that avoids the use of expensive and sophisticated instrumentation. However, the realization of chiral detection using this approach is still challenging because the construction of a three-dimensional optical recognition site is required to easily discern differences in chirality. Therefore, considerable efforts have been dedicated to developing a hierarchical approach based on molecular organization to provide colorimetric sensors for chirality detection. This review covers function-integrated molecular sensors with colorimetric responsive sites based on absorption, fluorescence, and aggregation-induced emission enabled by molecular organization. In line with the hierarchical approach, data-driven chemometrics is a useful method for quantitative and accurate chiral pattern recognition. Finally, colorimetric nanomaterials are discussed, focusing on sensing platforms using noble-metal nanoparticles, carbon dots, and photonic crystal gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Shi N, Yang B, Li J, Cai W, Xu L, Tao Y, Kong Y. Synthesis of chiral hollow polymer microspheres and their applications in the spectroscopic chiral discrimination of tryptophan isomers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2025; 326:125302. [PMID: 39447301 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Hollow polymer microspheres (HPMs) were synthesized, which were then hydrolyzed in aqueous ammonia to produce carboxyl (-COOH) groups on their surface. L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) was grafted to the hydrolyzed HPMs (H-HPMs) through amidation reactions, endowing the H-HPMs with chirality. The resultant chiral HPMs (C-HPMs) were used for the chiral discrimination of tryptophan (Trp) isomers. Due to the same rotatorydirection of L-Phe and L-Trp, the C-HPMs showed greatly higher selectivity toward L-Trp than its isomer. After being adsorbed by the C-HPMs, the absorbance of the residual L-Trp is significantly lower than that of the residual D-Trp, and thus spectroscopic chiral discrimination of the Trp isomers was successfully achieved. The Trp isomers were also discriminated by the chiral solid polymer microspheres (C-SPMs), while the difference in the absorbance of the residual L-Trp and D-Trp is remarkably smaller than that obtained by the C-HPMs. The outstanding discrimination capability of the C-HPMs might be ascribed to their high surface permeability resulted from their unique hollow structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Baozhu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Junyao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wenrong Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Laidi Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yongxin Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
| | - Yong Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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Sharma A, Kaur N, Singh N. An Encyclopedic Compendium on Chemosensing Supramolecular Metal-Organic Gels. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400258. [PMID: 38629210 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chemosensing, an interdisciplinary scientific domain, plays a pivotal role ranging from environmental monitoring to healthcare diagnostics and (inter)national security. Metal-organic gels (MOGs) are recognized for their stability, selectivity, and responsiveness, making them valuable for chemosensing applications. Researchers have explored the development of MOGs based on different metal ions and ligands, allowing for tailored properties and sensitivities, and have even demonstrated their applications as portable sensors such as paper-based test strips for practical use. Herein, several studies related to MOGs development and their applications in the chemosensing field via UV-visible or luminance along with electrochemical approach are presented. These papers explored MOGs as versatile materials with their use in sensing bio or environmental analytes. This review provides a foundational understanding of key concepts, methodologies, and recent advancements in this field, fostering the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 140001, Rupnagar, Panjab, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 140001, Rupnagar, Panjab, India
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Gambhir D, Kumar K, Murugesan P, Yadav A, Sinha Ray S, Koner RR. Amino Acid-Based Molecular and Membranous Chiral Tools for Enantiomeric Recognition. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:2745-2753. [PMID: 38279959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Given the need, both academic and industrial, for new approaches and technologies for chiral discrimination of enantiomers, the present work demonstrates the development through rational design and integration of two new chiral platforms (molecular and membranous) for enantioselective recognition through visual as well as microscopic observation. The molecular platform (TPT) is based on the tryptophan derivative developed through the condensation of two tryptophan units with terepthaloyl chloride. While TPT based on l-tryptophan recognizes R-mandelic acid over the S-isomer, the host with reverse chirality (TPDT) recognizes S-mandelic acid over R-isomer. The role of chemical functionality in this sensitive recognition process was established experimentally by developing an analogue of TPT and by judiciously using different chiral analytes. Importantly, a detailed theoretical study at the molecular level revealed the U-shaped conformation of TPT, creating a cavity for accommodating a chiral guest with selective functional interaction resulting in the discrimination of enantiomers. Finally, a chiral polymeric mat of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (2:3) impregnated with TPT was developed via electrospinning. The resulting fibrous mat was successfully utilized for chiral recognition through microscopic and architectural observation. Hence, the present work reports simple chiral tools for enantiomeric recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Gambhir
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Premkumar Murugesan
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arti Yadav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Sinha Ray
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Rik Rani Koner
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Mandi 175075, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Li S, Pei H, He S, Liang H, Guo R, Liu N, Mo Z. Chiral Carbon Dots and Chiral Carbon Dots with Circularly Polarized Luminescence: Synthesis, Mechanistic Investigation and Applications. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300770. [PMID: 37819766 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiral carbon dots (CCDs) can be widely used in various fields such as chiral recognition, chiral catalysis and biomedicine because of their unique optical properties, low toxicity and good biocompatibility. In addition, CCDs with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) can be synthesized, thus broadening the prospects of CCDs applications. Since the research on CCDs is still in its infancy, this paper reviews the chiral origin, formation mechanism, chiral evolution, synthesis and emerging applications of CCDs, with a special focus on CCDs with CPL activity. It is hoped that it will provide some reference to solve the current problems faced by CCDs. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of the current research on CCDs are described, and their future development trends have also been prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Li
- Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hebing Pei
- Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Simin He
- Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ruibin Guo
- Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Nijuan Liu
- Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zunli Mo
- Research Center of Gansu Military and Civilian Integration Advanced Structural Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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Jiang Y, Huang Z, Tian J, Dong X, Yu XQ, Yu S. A chiral BINOL-based supramolecular gel enabling sensitive enantioselective and chemoselective collapse toward histidine. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:430-435. [PMID: 36541446 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01424f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A chiral small molecule gelator (R)-H3L based on 1,1'-bi-2,2'-naphthol (BINOL)-phosphoric acid was designed and prepared, which spontaneously forms a stable water-induced gel. The gelation mechanism was revealed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and a number of spectroscopic methods. Addition of Cu2+ improved the gelation ability, and the resultant metal organic gel realized visual enantioselective and chemoselective recognition toward L-histidine from enantiomers of 19 amino acids via gel collapse. The gel showed a highly sensitive response to L-histidine, and as low as 0.01 equiv. of L-histidine relative to the critical gelation concentration of (R)-H3L-Cu caused the gel to collapse. This strategy of regulating the assembly behavior through the interaction of amino acids and metal ions not only provides a simple and direct way to distinguish enantiomers, but also provides insight into how metal ions regulate the organization of biological supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Zeng Huang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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