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Sun Q, Zhang T, Ren Y, Qiu Y, Luo X, Yang J, Liu G. A two-photon fluorescent probe for highly selective detection of Cys over GSH and Hcy based on the Michael addition and transcyclization mechanism and its application in bioimaging and protein straining in SDS-PAGE. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1309:342687. [PMID: 38772659 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteine (Cys), glutathione (GSH), and homocysteine (Hcy), as three major biothiols are involved in a variety of physiological processes and play a crucial role in plant growth. Abnormal levels of Cys can cause plants to fail to grow properly. To date, although a very large number of fluorescent probes have been reported for the detection of biothiols, very few of them can be used for the selective discrimination of Cys from GSH and Hcy due to their structural similarity, and only a few of them can be used for plant imaging. RESULTS Here, three fluorescent probes (o-/m-/p-TMA) based on TMN fluorophore and the ortho-/meta-/para-substituted maleimide recognition groups were constructed to investigate the selective response effect of Cys. Compared to the o-/m-TMA, p-TMA can selectively detect Cys over GSH and Hcy with a rapid response time (10 min) and a low detection limit (0.26 μM). The theoretical calculation confirmed that the intermediate p-TMA-Cys-int has shorter interatomic reaction distances (3.827 Å) compared to o-/m-TMA-Cys (5.533/5.287 Å), making it more suitable for further transcyclization reactions. Additionally, p-TMA has been employed for selective tracking of exogenous and endogenous Cys in Arabidopsis thaliana using both single-/two-photon fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, single cell walls produced obvious two-photon fluorescence signals, indicating that p-TMA can be used for high-concentration Cys analysis in single cells. Surprisingly, p-TMA can be used as a fluorescent dye for protein staining in SDS-PAGE with higher sensitivity (7.49 μg/mL) than classical Coomassie brilliant blue (14.11 μg/mL). SIGNIFICANCE The outstanding properties of p-TMA make it a promising multifunctional molecular tool for the highly selective detection of Cys over GSH and Hcy in various complex environments, including water solutions, zebrafish, and plants. Additionally, it has the potential to be developed as a fluorescent dye for a simple and fast SDS-PAGE fluorescence staining method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Yuchen Ren
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China
| | - Jingfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Genyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry and School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, PR China.
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Liu FT, Zhai SM, Gao DF, Yang SH, Zhao BX, Lin ZM. A highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting HSO 3-/SO 32- and viscosity change based on FRET/TICT mechanism. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1305:342588. [PMID: 38677842 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a significant gas signaling molecule in organisms, and viscosity is a crucial parameter of the cellular microenvironment. They are both involved in regulating many physiological processes in the human body. However, abnormalities in SO2 and viscosity levels are associated with various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, respiratory diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Hence, it is essential to explore novel and efficient fluorescent probes for simultaneously monitoring SO2 and viscosity in organisms. RESULTS We selected quinolinium salt with good stability, high fluorescence intensity, good solubility and low cytotoxicity as the fluorophore and developed a highly sensitive ratiometric probe QQD to identify SO2 and viscosity changes based on Förster resonance energy transfer/twisted intramolecular charge transfer (FRET/TICT) mechanism. Excitingly, compared with other probes for SO2 detection, QQD not only identified HSO3-/SO32- with a large Stokes shift (218 nm), low detection limit (1.87 μM), good selectivity, high energy transfer efficiency (92 %) and wide recognition range (1.87-200 μM), but also identified viscosity with a 26-fold fluorescence enhancement and good linearity. Crucially, QQD was applied to detect HSO3-/SO32- and viscosity in actual water and food samples. In addition, QQD had low toxicity and good photostability for imaging HSO3-/SO32- and viscosity in cells. These results confirmed the feasibility and reliability of QQD for HSO3-/SO32- and viscosity imaging and environmental detection. SIGNIFICANCE We reported a unique ratiometric probe QQD for detecting HSO3-/SO32- and viscosity based on the quinolinium skeleton. In addition to detecting HSO3-/SO32- and viscosity change in actual water and food samples, QQD could also monitor the variations of HSO3-/SO32- and viscosity in cells, which provided an experimental basis for further exploration of the role of SO2 derivatives and viscosity in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Shu-Mei Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Dong-Fang Gao
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, PR China
| | - Shu-Hao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Bao-Xiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Zhao-Min Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, PR China.
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3
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Zhang X, Wu W, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Nie X, Sun X, Lin L, Yang D, Yan Y. A FRET-based multifunctional fluorescence probe for the simultaneous detection of sulfite and viscosity in living cells. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107423. [PMID: 38733751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives were significant indicators for the assessment of health threat and even cancers, therefore, on-site and real time detection of viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives has obtained considerable attentions. An FRET-based fluorescence probe JZX was designed and synthesized based on a novel energy donor of N,N-diethyl-4-(1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)benzamide fluorophore. JZX exhibited a large Stokes shift (230 nm), high energy transfer efficiency, wide emission channel gap (135 nm) and excellent stability and biocompatibility. JZX detected sulfur dioxide with low detection limit (55 nM), fast responding (16 min), high selectivity and sensitivity. Additionally, JZX tend to target endoplasmic reticulum of which normal metabolism will be disturbed by the abnormal levels of viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives. Prominently, JZX could concurrently detect viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives depending on different fluorescence signals in living cells for the screening of cancer cells. Hence, probe JZX will be a promising candidate for the detection of viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives, and even for the diagnosis of liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yin Wei
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Yiheng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xuqing Nie
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China
| | - Di Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Yehao Yan
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.
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Liu FT, Wang YP, Jiang PF, Zhao BX. A FRET-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for sensing bisulfite/sulfite and viscosity and its applications in food, water samples and test strips. Food Chem 2024; 436:137755. [PMID: 37862981 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A FRET-based ratiometric dual-response fluorescent probe, CQI, constructed by combining quinolinium-indole as the acceptor and coumarin as the donor, was developed for sensing HSO3-/SO32- and viscosity. After the interaction of probe CQI with the analyte, we achieved a green channel for the response to HSO3-/SO32- and an orange channel for the response to viscosity. We comprehensively evaluated the ability of CQI to detect SO2 derivatives and viscosity using fluorescence spectroscopy. Probe CQI exhibited a large Stokes shift (196 nm), a high energy transfer efficiency (99.6 %) and a wide detection range (0-250 μM). The fluorescence intensity of the probe increased up to 14-fold with increasing viscosity, and CQI could detect the viscosity of food thickeners. More importantly, probe CQI could not only successfully monitor SO2 derivatives in various food and water samples, but also be prepared as bisulfite test strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ting Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Yan-Pu Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Jiang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Bao-Xiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
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Zhang X, Tang F, Shu W, Li D, Liu Y, Xiao H, Zhou J, Li P. Small-molecule fluorescent probes for bioactive species in inflammatory disease: arthritis, pneumonia and hepatitis. Analyst 2023; 148:5303-5321. [PMID: 37796086 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation as an adaptive response underlies a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. The progression of inflammation is closely intertwined with various bioactive molecules. To dissect the biological mechanisms and physiopathological functions of these molecules, exploitation of versatile detection mean is of great importance. Fluorescence imaging technique has been widely employed to track bioactive species in living systems. As a result, many small-molecule fluorescent probes for bioactive species in inflammatory disease have been developed. However, this interesting and frontier topic hasn't been systematically categorized. Therefore, in this review, we have generalized the construction strategies and biological imaging applications of small-molecule fluorescent probes for various bioactive species, including reactive oxygen/nitrogen/sulfur species, enzyme, mainly in arthritis, pneumonia and hepatitis. Moreover, the future challenges in constructing novel fluorescent probes for inflammatory disease are also present. This review will facilitate the comprehension of superior fluorescent probes for active molecules associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Fuyan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Shu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Haibin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, P. R. China.
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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Jiang S, Hong J, Gong S, Li Q, Feng G. Kidney-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescence Probe Reveals That SO 2 Is a Biomarker for Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12948-12955. [PMID: 37589130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of drugs, drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) has become an increasingly serious health concern worldwide. Currently, early diagnosis of drug-induced AKI remains challenging because of the lack of effective biomarkers and noninvasive imaging tools. SO2 plays important physiological roles in living systems and is an important antioxidant for maintaining redox homeostasis. However, the relationship between SO2 (in water as SO32-/HSO3-) and drug-induced AKI remains largely unknown. Herein, we report the highly sensitive near-infrared fluorescence probe DSMN, which for the first time reveals the relationship between SO2 and drug-induced AKI. The probe responds to SO32-/HSO3- selectively and rapidly (within seconds) and shows a significant turn-on fluorescence at 710 nm with a large Stokes shift (125 nm). With these properties, the probe was successfully applied to detect SO2 in living cells and mice. Importantly, the probe can selectively target the kidneys, allowing for the detection of changes in the SO2 concentration in the kidneys. Based on this, DSMN was successfully used to detect cisplatin-induced AKI and revealed an increase in the SO2 levels. The results indicate that SO2 is a new biomarker for AKI and that DSMN is a powerful tool for studying and diagnosing drug-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jiaxin Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shengyi Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qianhua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guoqiang Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China
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7
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Liu C, Li X, Rong X, Li M, Yu M, Sheng W, Zhu B. The rational utilization of organelle microenvironment for imaging of lysosomal SO 2 with high fidelity. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1267:341338. [PMID: 37257969 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more studies have linked the abnormal expression of active molecules in organelles with the occurrence of diseases, so there is an urgent need to develop tools for detecting active molecules in specific organelles. However, the recognition receptors of most organelle-targeting probes currently developed always remain active, which easily causes them to react with the analyte in the cytoplasm, thus misjudging the role of the analyte in the physiological and pathological processes. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a new strategy for the design of probes capable of high-fidelity imaging of the analyte in specific organelles. Herein, we propose a new strategy that the activation of recognition receptors that can be triggered by the microenvironment of targeting organelles. Based on this strategy, we develop a novel lysosome-targeting fluorescent probe (Lyso-SO2) for imaging of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with high-fidelity in lysosomes. The inert probe is activated by the acidic environment in the lysosome and then responds quickly (<2 s) and sensitively (LOD = 0.34 μM) to SO2. This paradigm by taking full advantage of the features of the organelle microenvironment provides a promising methodology for developing organelle-targeting probes for high-fidelity imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Xiwei Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiaodi Rong
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Miaohui Yu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250103, China.
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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