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Rival JV, Nonappa, Shibu ES. The interplay of chromophore-spacer length in light-induced gold nanocluster self-assembly. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:14302-14309. [PMID: 39011753 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01954g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The light-induced self-assembly of chromophore-tethered precision nanoclusters (NCs) has recently received significant attention due to their facile control over structure, function, and reversibility under ambient conditions. However, the magnitude of assembly depends on the photoswitching efficiency, chemical structure, and proximity of the chromophore to the NC surface. Herein, using azobenzene alkyl monothiol (AMT)-capped gold NCs with two different spacer lengths (denoted as C3-NC and C9-NC), we show that reversible cis ↔ trans isomerization efficiency can be readily tuned to control the self-assembly kinetics of NCs. Irrespective of the chain length, the time required for trans-to-cis (140 s) and cis-to-trans (260 s) isomerization of individual C3-AMT and C9-AMT is identical in dichloromethane solution. When a similar experiment was performed using a solution of C3-NCs and C9-NCs, it resulted in self-assembled disc-like superstructures. Notably, the trans-to-cis photoswitching in C3-NC could reach only 65% even after 460 seconds of irradiation. On the other hand, C9-NC completed this process within 160 seconds of irradiation. The low photoswitching efficiency of the C3-NC analog is due to the short and rigid spacer length of C3-AMT ligands, which are in close proximity to the NC surface, resulting in steric hindrance experienced at the NC-chromophore interface. Importantly, the slow photoswitching in C3-NCs helps isolate and investigate the intermediates of assembly. Using high-resolution electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and 3D reconstruction, we show that the discs are made up of densely packed arrays of NCs. The prolonged illumination of C9-NCs results in a chain-like assembly due to the dipolar attraction between the previously assembled superstructures. The efficient photoisomerization of chromophores located away from the nanocluster surface has been identified as the key element to speed up the light-induced assembly in chromophore-tethered nanoclusters. Such information will be useful while developing nanoscale photoswitches for electrochemistry, biosensors, and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose V Rival
- Smart Materials Lab, Department of Nanoscience and Technology (DNST), University of Calicut, Thenhipalam 673635, Kerala, India.
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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Bose P, Kumaranchira Ramankutty K, Chakraborty P, Khatun E, Pradeep T. A concise guide to chemical reactions of atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1446-1470. [PMID: 38032061 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) with atomic precision, known as nanoclusters (NCs), are an emerging field in materials science in view of their fascinating structure-property relationships. Ultrasmall noble metal NPs have molecule-like properties that make them fundamentally unique compared with their plasmonic counterparts and bulk materials. In this review, we present a comprehensive account of the chemistry of monolayer-protected atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters with a focus on the chemical reactions, their diversity, associated kinetics, and implications. To begin with, we briefly review the history of the evolution of such precision materials. Then the review explores the diverse chemistry of noble metal nanoclusters, including ligand exchange reactions, ligand-induced structural transformations, and reactions with metal ions, metal thiolates, and halocarbons. Just as molecules do, these precision materials also undergo intercluster reactions in solution. Supramolecular forces between these systems facilitate the creation of well-defined hierarchical assemblies, composites, and hybrid materials. We conclude the review with a future perspective and scope of such chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Bose
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Krishnadas Kumaranchira Ramankutty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Papri Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Esma Khatun
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience & Thematic Unit of Excellence, HSB 148, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wang C, Zhang N, Liu C, Ma B, Zhang K, Li R, Wang Q, Zhang S. New Advances in Antenna Design toward Wearable Devices Based on Nanomaterials. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 38248412 PMCID: PMC10813296 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Wearable antennas have recently garnered significant attention due to their attractive properties and potential for creating lightweight, compact, low-cost, and multifunctional wireless communication systems. With the breakthrough progress in nanomaterial research, the use of lightweight materials has paved the way for the widespread application of wearable antennas. Compared with traditional metallic materials like copper, aluminum, and nickel, nanoscale entities including zero-dimensional (0-D) nanoparticles, one-dimensional (1-D) nanofibers or nanotubes, and two-dimensional (2-D) nanosheets exhibit superior physical, electrochemical, and performance characteristics. These properties significantly enhance the potential for constructing durable electronic composites. Furthermore, the antenna exhibits compact size and high deformation stability, accompanied by greater portability and wear resistance, owing to the high surface-to-volume ratio and flexibility of nanomaterials. This paper systematically discusses the latest advancements in wearable antennas based on 0-D, 1-D, and 2-D nanomaterials, providing a comprehensive overview of their development and future prospects in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunge Wang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (K.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science, Yanshan University, Ministry of Education of China, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Bangbang Ma
- Ningbo L.K. Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, China;
| | - Keke Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (K.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science, Yanshan University, Ministry of Education of China, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Rongzhi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (K.Z.)
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China;
| | - Sheng Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China; (C.W.); (N.Z.); (K.Z.)
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo 315100, China
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