Recent advances in the application of magnetic nanocatalysts in multicomponent reactions

Fe3O4@SiO2-LY-C-D-Pd as a new, effective, and magnetically recoverable catalyst for the synthesis of 1H-tetrazoles and asymmetric biphenyls

This research project explored the synthesis and characterization of a newly developed C-D-Pd complex immobilized on Fe3O4@SiO2-LY, designed as a reusable magnetic catalyst. The heterogeneous nanocatalyst was thoroughly characterized using EDS, FTIR, XRD, XPS, TGA, SEM, VSM, and ICP techniques. The Fe3O4@SiO2-LY-C-D-Pd catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance in catalyzing C-C coupling reactions and 1H-tetrazole derivatives, achieving high product yields. This catalyst offers several advantages, including eco-friendly reaction conditions, minimal catalyst usage, a simple experimental setup, the elimination of harmful organic solvents, reduced reaction times, and the ability to accommodate diverse substrates. Additionally, the nanocatalyst is easily separable from the reaction mixture and can be reused multiple times without losing stability or catalytic efficiency.

Synthesis, anti-microbial, and docking studies of functionalized chromenyl phosphonates using ionic liquid catalyst

Synthesis of functionalized chromenyl phosphonates by the reaction among 2-hydorxybenzaldehydes, dicyanoethane, and dialkyl phosphonates that was promoted by choline hydroxide ionic liquid catalyzes the simultaneous, Knoevenagel, Pinner, and phospha-Michael reactions, under neat condition at room temperature. Important phosphorus-containing compounds can be produced at a reasonable cost because of the mild reaction conditions and the inexpensive promoter choline hydroxide. Furthermore, the desired products can be obtained without the need for any extraction or chromatography steps. An alternate technique for the simple and high-yield synthesis of functionalized chromenyl phosphonates is offered by this protocol. The synthesized compounds were studied by anti-microbial activity and docking studies. The title compounds molecular docking investigations demonstrated their efficacy as therapeutic agents against DNA Gyrase B and Aspergillus niger endoglucanase in both antibacterial and antifungal inhibition, and they identified compounds 4a, 4d, 4l, 4p, and 4q as promising candidates for microbial treatment, with binding affinities ranging from - 6.9 to - 7.4 kcal/mol.

Green procedures for synthesizing potential hNMDA receptor allosteric modulators through reduction and one-pot reductive acetylation of nitro(hetero)arenes using a superparamagnetic Fe3O4@APTMS@Cp2ZrCl x (x = 0, 1, 2) nanocatalyst

The conversion of nitro(hetero)arenes to corresponding (hetero)aryl amines and other practical organic compounds plays a crucial role in various sciences, especially environmental remediation and public health. In the current research work, diverse green and efficient strategies for the convenient reduction (hydrogenation) and one-pot two-step reductive acetylation of nitro(hetero)arenes using a core-shell-type mesoporous zirconocene-containing magnetically recoverable nanocomposite (viz. Fe3O4@APTMS@Cp2ZrCl x (x = 0, 1, 2)) as a powerful nanocatalytic system have been developed. In the presented organic transformations, the superparamagnetic Fe3O4@APTMS@Cp2ZrCl x (x = 0, 1, 2) nanocomposite exhibited satisfactory turnover numbers (TONs) and turnover frequencies (TOFs), along with acceptable reusability. On the other hand, we investigated the potential biological effect of the synthesized (hetero)aryl amines and N-(hetero)aryl acetamides against the transmembrane domain (TMD) of the human N-methyl-d-aspartate (hNMDA) receptor based on molecular docking studies. Furthermore, the drug-likeness properties of our hit compound (viz. N-(3-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenyl)acetamide) have been scrutinized by in silico ADMET analyses.

Metal-oxide nanocatalysts for spontaneous sequestration of endocrine-disrupting compounds from wastewater

The quest for a good life, urbanization, and industrialization have led to the widespread distribution of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water bodies through anthropogenic activities. This poses an imminent threat to both human and environmental health. In recent years, the utilization of advance materials for the removal of EDCs from wastewater has attracted a lot of attention. Metal-oxide nanocatalysts have emerged as promising candidates due to their high surface area, reactivity, and tunable properties, as well as enhanced surface properties such as mesoporous structures and hierarchical morphologies that allow for increased adsorption capacity, improved photocatalytic activity, and enhanced selectivity towards specific EDCs. As a result, they have shown extraordinary efficacy in removing a wide range of EDCs from aqueous solutions, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, personal care items, and industrial chemicals. This study give insight into the unique physicochemical characteristics of metal-oxide nanocatalysts to effectively and efficiently remove harmful EDCs from wastewater. It also discussed the advances in the synthesis, and properties of metal-oxide nanocatalysts, and insight into understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying the adsorption and degradation of EDCs on metal-oxide nanocatalysts using advanced characterization techniques such as spectroscopic analysis and electron microscopy. The findings of the study present metal-oxide nanocatalysts as a good candidate for the spontaneous sequestration of EDCs from wastewater is an intriguing approach to mitigating water pollution and safeguarding public health and the environment.

Revolutionizing acridine synthesis: novel core-shell magnetic nanoparticles and Co-Zn zeolitic imidazolate framework with 1-aza-18-crown-6-ether-Ni catalysts

Nanoparticles have emerged as a critical catalyst substrate due to their exceptional features, such as catalytic efficiency, high stability, and easy recovery. In our research, we have developed an innovative and environmentally friendly magnetic mesoporous nanocatalyst. Using the co-precipitation method, we produced magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and coated them with Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) to enhance their surface area and chemical stability. The resulting substrate was functionalized with 1-aza-18-crown-6-ether and nickel metal. Our prepared catalyst has been rigorously evaluated using advanced techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), elemental mapping analysis (EMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By synthesizing acridine derivatives, we have demonstrated the exceptional efficiency of our catalyst in organic compound synthesis. Through optimization, we have established the ideal parameters for catalytic processes, including catalyst amount, temperature, time, and ultrasonic use. Our catalyst has been proven to exhibit remarkable physical and chemical properties, such as porosity, temperature resistance, and recyclability. Notably, our heterogeneous nanocatalyst has shown outstanding performance and can be recycled six times without any loss in efficiency, affirming its potential in acridine.

A new strategy for immobilization of copper on the Fe3O4@EDTA nanocomposite and its efficient catalytic applications in reduction and one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes and also N-acetylation of arylamines

A new and efficient Cu(II)-containing mesoporous nanocatalytic system was synthesized by direct immobilization of copper metal powder on the Fe3O4@EDTA nanocomposite. The as-prepared Fe3O4@EDTA@Cu(II) nanocomposite was then characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TEM, SEM-based EDX and elemental mapping, XPS, TGA, VSM, and also BET and BJH analyses. The resulting Fe3O4@EDTA@Cu(II) mesoporous nanocomposite exhibited satisfactory catalytic activity towards the reduction and one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes and also N-acetylation of arylamines in water at 60 °C. Notably, the applied Cu(II)-containing nanocatalyst was efficiently recovered from the reaction mixture using an external magnetic field and could be reused successfully for five cycles. The protocol developed in this study offers several advantages in terms of mild reaction conditions, simple workflows, using water as a green solvent, and easy recovery and catalyst reuse, making it more ecologically and economically attractive.

Catalyzed syntheses of novel series of spiro thiazolidinone derivatives with nano Fe2O3: spectroscopic, X-ray, Hirshfeld surface, DFT, biological and docking evaluations

Twelve spiro thiazolidinone compounds (A-L) were synthesized via either conventional thermal or ultrasonication techniques using Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The modification of the traditional procedure by using Fe2O3 nanoparticles led to enhancement of the yield of the desired candidates to 78-93% in approximately half reaction time compared with 58-79% without catalyst. The products were fully characterized using different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The structure of the two derivatives 4-phenyl-1-thia-4-azaspirodecan-3-one (A) and 4-(p-tolyl)-1-thia-4-azaspirodecan-3-one (B) were also determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The two compounds (A and B) were crystallized in the orthorhombic system with Pbca and P212121 space groups, respectively. In addition, the crystal packing of compounds revealed the formation of supramolecular array with a net of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. The energy optimized geometries of some selected derivatives were performed by density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP). The reactivity descriptors were also calculated and correlated with their biological properties. All the reported compounds were screened for antimicrobial inhibitions. The two derivatives, F and J, exhibited the highest levels of bacterial inhibition with an inhibition zone of 10-17 mm. Also, the two derivatives, F and J, displayed the most potent fungal inhibition with an inhibition zone of 15-23 mm. Molecular docking investigations of some selected derivatives were performed using a B-DNA (PDB: 1BNA) as a macromolecular target. Structure and activity relationship of the reported compounds were correlated with the data of antimicrobial activities and the computed reactivity parameters.

Practical Three-Component Regioselective Synthesis of Drug-Like 3-Aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines as Potential Non-Covalent Multi-Targeting Inhibitors To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the prominent health challenges facing contemporary society, and many efforts have been made to overcome and (or) control it. In this research paper, we described a practical one-pot two-step three-component reaction between 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one (1), aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates (2a-h), and hydrazine monohydrate (NH2NH2•H2O) for the regioselective preparation of some 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline derivatives (3a-h). After synthesis and characterization of the mentioned cinnolines (3a-h), the in silico multi-targeting inhibitory properties of these heterocyclic scaffolds have been investigated upon various Homo sapiens-type enzymes, including hMAO-A, hMAO-B, hAChE, hBChE, hBACE-1, hBACE-2, hNQO-1, hNQO-2, hnNOS, hiNOS, hPARP-1, hPARP-2, hLRRK-2(G2019S), hGSK-3β, hp38α MAPK, hJNK-3, hOGA, hNMDA receptor, hnSMase-2, hIDO-1, hCOMT, hLIMK-1, hLIMK-2, hRIPK-1, hUCH-L1, hPARK-7, and hDHODH, which have confirmed their functions and roles in the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), based on molecular docking studies, and the obtained results were compared with a wide range of approved drugs and well-known (with IC50, EC50, etc.) compounds. In addition, in silico ADMET prediction analysis was performed to examine the prospective drug properties of the synthesized heterocyclic compounds (3a-h). The obtained results from the molecular docking studies and ADMET-related data demonstrated that these series of 3-aryl(or heteroaryl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[h]cinnolines (3a-h), especially hit ones, can really be turned into the potent core of new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), and/or due to the having some reactionable locations, they are able to have further organic reactions (such as cross-coupling reactions), and expansion of these compounds (for example, with using other types of aryl(or heteroaryl)glyoxal monohydrates) makes a new avenue for designing novel and efficient drugs for this purpose.

A Novel Recyclable Magnetic Nano-Catalyst for Fenton-Photodegradation of Methyl Orange and Imidazole Derivatives Catalytic Synthesis

A magnetite chlorodeoxycellulose/ferroferric oxide (CDC@Fe3O4) heterogeneous photocatalyst was synthesised via treated and modified cotton in two steps. The designed nanocomposites were characterised by FTIR, TGA, XRD, SEM, and VSM analyses. The Fenton-photocatalytic decomposition efficiency of the synthesised magnetic catalyst was evaluated under visible sunlight using Methyl Orange (MO) as a model organic pollutant. The impacts of several degradation parameters, including the light source, catalyst load, irradiation temperature, oxidant dose, and pH of the dye aqueous solution and its corresponding concentration on the Fenton photodegradation performance, were methodically investigated. The (CDC@Fe3O4) heterogeneous catalyst showed a remarkable MO removal rate of 97.9% at 10 min under visible-light irradiation. (CDC@Fe3O4) nanomaterials were also used in a heterogeneous catalytic optimised protocol for a multicomponent reaction procedure to obtain nine tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives. The green protocol afforded imidazole derivatives in 30 min with good yields (91-97%) at room temperature and under ultrasound irradiation. Generally, a synthesised recyclable heterogeneous nano-catalyst is a good example and is suitable for wastewater treatment and organic synthesis.

Immobilized nickel boride nanoparticles on magnetic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: a new nanocomposite for the efficient one-pot synthesis of 1,4-benzodiazepines

In this study, a new magnetic nanocomposite consisting of Ni2B nanoparticles anchored on magnetic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Fe3O4/f-MWCNT/Ni2B) was synthesized and characterized using various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, SEM-based EDX, SEM-based elemental mapping, HRTEM, DLS, SAED, XPS, BET, TGA, and VSM. The as-prepared magnetic nanocomposite was successfully employed for the preparation of bioactive 1,4-benzodiazepines from the three-component reaction of o-phenylenediamine (1), dimedone (2), and different aldehydes (3), in polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) as a solvent at 60 °C. The obtained results demonstrated that the current one-pot three-component protocol offers many advantages, such as good-to-excellent yields within acceptable reaction times, favorable TONs and TOFs, eco-friendliness of the procedure, easy preparation of the nanocomposite, mild reaction conditions, a broad range of products, excellent catalytic activity, green solvent, and reusability of the nanocomposite.