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Kheilkordi Z, Ziarani GM, Mohajer F. Application of Multi-component Reaction in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic [3.3.3] Propellane Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220112161201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Propellanes and derivatives have attractive properties due to their unique structure. Therefore, [3.3.3] propellanes, containing tricyclic structures with one of the carbon-carbon bonds common in three rings, were used in natural products, pharmaceutical compounds, and heterocyclic compounds, which were biologically important. The various multi-component reactions were applied in the synthesis of propellanes, which were highlighted throughout this review
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Kheilkordi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran,
| | | | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran,
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Ren Y, Kinghorn AD. Development of Potential Antitumor Agents from the Scaffolds of Plant-Derived Terpenoid Lactones. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15410-15448. [PMID: 33289552 PMCID: PMC7812702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring terpenoid lactones and their synthetic derivatives have attracted increasing interest for their promising antitumor activity and potential utilization in the discovery and design of new antitumor agents. In the present perspective article, selected plant-derived five-membered γ-lactones and six-membered δ-lactones that occur with terpenoid scaffolds are reviewed, with their structures, cancer cell line cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity, structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, and the potential for developing cancer chemotherapeutic agents discussed in each case. The compounds presented include artemisinin (ART, 1), parthenolide (PTL, 2), thapsigargin (TPG, 3), andrographolide (AGL, 4), ginkgolide B (GKL B, 5), jolkinolide B (JKL B, 6), nagilactone E (NGL E, 7), triptolide (TPL, 8), bruceantin (BRC, 9), dichapetalin A (DCT A, 10), and limonin (LMN, 11), and their naturally occurring analogues and synthetic derivatives. It is hoped that this contribution will be supportive of the future development of additional efficacious anticancer agents derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ren
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Ellestad G, Zask A, Berova N. The enduring legacy of Koji Nakanishi's research on bioorganic chemistry and natural products. Part 1: Isolation, structure determination and mode of action. Chirality 2020; 32:632-651. [PMID: 32157754 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this brief review on Koji Nakanishi's remarkable career in natural products chemistry, we have highlighted a number of his accomplishments that illustrate the broad diversity of his interests. These include the isolation, structure determination, and biological mechanism of action of many natural products including the triterpenoid pristimerin; the diterpenoid ginkgolides; insect and crustacean molting hormones; phytoalexins; the toxic red tide principle brevetoxin; the vanadium tunicate pigments; philanthotoxin from killer wasps; antisickling agents; mitomycin DNA adducts; insect antifeedants; a mitotic hormone, the small molecule fish attractants from the sea anemone; new isolation and purification technologies; molecular chemistry of vision; age-related macular degeneration; and the development of the exciton circular dichroism (CD) chirality method for microscale determination of absolute configuration of natural products and chirality of other chiral molecules and supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ellestad
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Arie Zask
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Nina Berova
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Kiho T, Yokoyama M, Kogen H. Total Synthesis of Pleofugin A, a Potent Inositol Phosphorylceramide Synthase Inhibitor. Org Lett 2018; 20:4637-4640. [PMID: 30035548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
X-ray analysis and total synthesis of 1 unambiguously confirmed pleofingin A's absolute configuration. The total synthesis was achieved by convergent assembly of three fragments (12, 14, and 18). This synthetic approach provides access to derivatives of 1 to search for antifungal agents that will be more effective in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kiho
- Modality Research Laboratories Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. 1-2-58, Hiromachi , Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710 , Japan
| | - Mizuka Yokoyama
- Medical Science Department Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. 3-5-1, Nihonbashi Honcho , Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8426 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kogen
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Meiji Pharmaceutical University 2-522-1 Noshio , Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588 , Japan
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Liu D, Galvanin F, Yu Y. Formulation Screening and Freeze-Drying Process Optimization of Ginkgolide B Lyophilized Powder for Injection. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:541-550. [PMID: 28849380 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare ginkgolide B (GB) lyophilized powder for injection with excellent appearance and stable quality through a formulation screening and by optimizing the freeze-drying process. Cremophor EL as a solubilizer, PEG 400 as a latent solvent, and mannitol as an excipient were mixed to increase the solubility of GB in water to more than 18 times (about from 2.5 × 10-4 mol/L (0.106 mg/mL) to 1.914 mg/mL). Formulation screening was conducted by orthogonal design where the content of GB in the solution before lyophilization (using external standard method of HPLC) and reconstitution time after lyophilization were the two evaluation indexes. The optimized formulations were GB in an amount of 2 mg/mL, Cremophor EL in an amount of 16% (v/v), PEG 400 in an amount of 9% (v/v), mannitol in an amount of 8% (w/v), and the solution pH of 6.5. Through four single-factor experiments (GB adding order, preparation temperature of GB solution, adding amount, and adsorption time of activated carbon), the preparation process of GB solution was confirmed. The glass transition temperature of maximally GB freeze-concentrated solution was - 17.6°C through the electric resistance method. GB lyophilized powder began to collapse at - 14.0°C, and the fully collapsed temperature was - 13.0°C, which were determined by freeze-drying microscope. When the collapse temperature was determined, the primary drying temperature was obtained. Thereby, the freeze-drying curve of GB lyophilized powder was initially identified. The freeze-drying process was optimized by orthogonal design, the qualified product appearance and residual moisture content were the two evaluation indexes. The optimized process parameters and process were (1) shelf temperature, decreased from room temperature to - 45.0°C, at 0.5°C/min in 2 h; (2) shelf temperature increased from - 45.0 to - 25.0°C, at 0.1°C/min, maintained for 3 h, and the chamber pressure was held at 10 Pa; (3) shelf temperature was increased from - 25.0 to - 15.0°C at 0.1 °C/min, maintained for 4 h, and the chamber pressure was held at 10 Pa; and (4) shelf temperature was increased from - 15.0 to 20.0°C at 1.0 °C/min, maintained for 4 h, and the chamber pressure was raised up to 80 Pa. In these lyophilization process conditions, the products complied with relevant provisions of the lyophilized powders for injection. Meanwhile, the reproducibility was satisfactory. Post-freezing annealing had no significantly beneficial effects on shortening the freeze-drying cycle and improving the quality of GB lyophilized powder.
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Li J, Li D, Hu J, Bi Y, Xiao W, Wang Z. Simultaneous determination of ginkgolides A, B, C and bilobalide by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1907-12. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Li
- State Key Lab of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Processes; Lianyungang 222001 China
| | - Dongpo Li
- State Key Lab of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Processes; Lianyungang 222001 China
| | - Junhua Hu
- State Key Lab of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Processes; Lianyungang 222001 China
| | - Yuan Bi
- State Key Lab of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Processes; Lianyungang 222001 China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Lab of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Processes; Lianyungang 222001 China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Lab of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Processes; Lianyungang 222001 China
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Alizadeh A, Bayat F, Zhu LG. Regioselective Multicomponent Sequential Synthesis of Oxa-Aza[3.3.3]propellanes. Aust J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/ch13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A concise and efficient sequential four-component approach to oxa-aza[3.3.3]propellanes has been developed by reaction of aryl isothiocyanates, malonate compounds, ninhydrin, and malononitrile in the presence of NaH in DMF. The value of this method lies in its regioselectivity, good yields, lack of a metal-catalyst, ease of handling, and creating five new bonds in one operation. No inert atmosphere or separation by column chromatography is necessary.
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Géant PY, Urban M, Remeš M, Císařová I, Veselý J. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of Sulfur-Containing Spirocyclic Compounds. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Siddiqui IR, Shireen, Shamim S, Abumhdi AAH, Waseem MA, Srivastava A, Rahila, Srivastava A. Ionic liquid promoted spiroannulation via hetero-Michael addition and intramolecular heterocyclisation. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj41070f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tobinaga S, Hashimoto M, Utsunomiya I, Taguchi K, Nakamura M, Tsunematsu T. Chronic Administration of Cardanol (Ginkgol) Extracted from Ginkgo biloba Leaves and Cashew Nutshell Liquid Improves Working Memory-Related Learning in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:127-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.35.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Products prepared from Ginkgo biloba are top-selling phytopharmaceuticals especially in Europe and major botanical dietary supplements in the United States. In European medicine, G. biloba medications are used to improve memory, to treat neuronal disorders such as tinnitus or intermittent claudication, and to improve brain metabolism and peripheral blood flow. The whole array of indications is reflected by a number of defined natural product constituents in G. biloba. The most well-known ones are flavonoids and terpene lactones, but they also include allergenic and toxic compounds such as ginkgotoxin (1). Consequently, there are reports attributing beneficial as well as adverse effects to G. biloba products. The present paper summarizes recent experiences with G. biloba and its derived products and explains why their restricted use is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckhard Leistner
- Institut for Pharmazeutische Biologie der Rheinischen Friedrich Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 6, D 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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Toyota M, Hibi A. Concise Assembly of the BCD Ring Part of Ginkgolide C via a Novel Cyclization Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2009. [DOI: 10.3987/com-08-s(f)13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kishida A, Nagaoka H. Samarium(II) iodide-induced cascade reaction for tricyclic γ-lactone synthesis from acyclic keto diesters. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Asahi K, Nishino H. Facile Endoperoxypropellane Synthesis by Manganese(III) Acetate-Mediated Aerobic Oxidation. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200701232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Asahi K, Nishino H. Manganese(III)-based dioxapropellane synthesis using tricarbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Ding C, Chen E, Lindsay RC. Natural accumulation of terpene trilactones in Ginkgo biloba leaves: variations by gender, age and season. Eur Food Res Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-006-0347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jaracz S, Malik S, Nakanishi K. Isolation of ginkgolides A, B, C, J and bilobalide from G. biloba extracts. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2004; 65:2897-2902. [PMID: 15501258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgolides A, B, C and J, together with bilobalide, are unique terpenoid components of the Ginkgo biloba tree. Due to similar chemical properties, their separation is quite tedious. We have developed an efficient and rapid protocol for separation of individual ginkgolides and bilobalide from G. biloba extracts. The procedure takes advantage of enhanced susceptibility of ginkgolides B and C to benzylation and the ease of separation of these products from ginkgolides A and J which do not react. The protocol is applicable to the previously reported enriched extracts prepared from G. biloba leaves. A single chromatographic step prior to benzylation provides bilobalide and mixture of ginkgolides A, B, C, and J. After benzylation, the individual ginkgolides are separated by chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Jaracz
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, NY 10027, USA
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Cai Z, Lee FSC, Wang XR, Yu WJ. A capsule review of recent studies on the application of mass spectrometry in the analysis of Chinese medicinal herbs. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:1013-1024. [PMID: 12375275 DOI: 10.1002/jms.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine is gaining increasing popularity worldwide as an alternative approach to the development of pharmaceuticals in therapeutic applications. Chemical characterization and compositional analysis of Chinese medicines provide the necessary scientific basis for the discovery and development of new drugs of natural origin. Applications of mass spectrometry in the analysis of Chinese herbal medicines have been growing rapidly in recent years owing to the rapid technical advances and increasing availability of the instrumentation. This paper reviews the current status of how different mass spectrometric techniques are being used to support research studies of Chinese medicines. The focus is on crude herbal medicines and their derived products. The review is not meant to be exhaustive, but rather to provide a general overview of the various research activities in this rapidly expanding field. In the discussion of specific herbs, the emphasis is placed on ginseng and Danshen, two of the herbs for which active experimental work is on-going in the authors' laboratories. Other selected herbs will be discussed only briefly, aiming primarily to illustrate the current status of research in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloong Tang, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
The chemical analysis and quality control of Ginkgo leaves and extracts is reviewed. Important constituents present in the medicinally used leaves are the terpene trilactones, i.e., ginkgolides A, B, C, J and bilobalide, many flavonol glycosides, biflavones, proanthocyanidins, alkylphenols, simple phenolic acids, 6-hydroxykynurenic acid, 4-O-methylpyridoxine and polyprenols. In the commercially important Ginkgo extracts some of these compound classes are no longer present. Many publications deal with the analysis of the unique terpene trilactones. They can be extracted with aqueous acetone or aqueous methanol but also supercritical fluid extraction is possible. Still somewhat problematic is their sample clean-up. Various procedures, not all of them validated, employing partitioning or SPE have been proposed. Some further development in this area can be foreseen. Separation and detection can be routinely carried out by HPLC with RI, ELSD or MS, or with GC-FID after silylation. TLC is another possibility. No quantitative procedure for flavonol glycosides has been published so far due their difficult separation and commercial unavailability. Fingerprint analysis by gradient RP-HPLC is possible. After acidic hydrolysis to the aglycones quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin and separation by HPLC, quantitation is straightforward and yields by recalculation an estimation of the original total flavonol glycoside content. For biflavones, simple phenols, 6-hydroxykynurenic acid, 4-O-methylpyridoxine and polyprenols analytical procedures have been published but not all assays are yet ideal. Lately a there is a lot of interest in the analysis of the undesired alkylphenols and a few validated procedures have been published. The analysis of Ginkgo proanthocyanidins is still in its infancy and no reliable assays exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris A van Beek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Phytochemical Section, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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Buss K, Drewke C, Lohmann S, Piwonska A, Leistner E. Properties and interaction of heterologously expressed glutamate decarboxylase isoenzymes GAD(65kDa) and GAD(67kDa) from human brain with ginkgotoxin and its 5'-phosphate. J Med Chem 2001; 44:3166-74. [PMID: 11543686 DOI: 10.1021/jm010868f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two isoforms of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD(65kDa) and GAD(67kDa)) from human brain, which had previously been overexpressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins containing a glutathione-S-transferase domain, were purified by affinity chromatography on glutathione Sepharose 4B. Both isoforms were also expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After modification of a HPLC based assay, the enzymes were characterized with respect to their biochemical properties. Comparison of kinetic data, pH, and temperature optima as well as of the mode of interaction with pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor revealed several significant differences between the two isoenzymes reflecting their somewhat different physiological and molecular features. Investigation of the influence of 4'-O-methylpyridoxine (ginkgotoxin) (1), a neurotoxin occurring in Ginkgo biloba L., on the different isoenzymes, indicates that the phosphorylated form of the toxin, 4'-O-methylpyridoxine-5'-phosphate (2), decreases GAD(65kDa) activity, although in unphysiologically high concentrations, whereas GAD(67kDa) activity seems to be hardly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Buss
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Hashizume Y, Maki S, Ohashi M, Niwa H. Regiocontrolled Construction of Functionalized Spiro[4.4]Nonanones Through Mercury(II) Salt-Assisted and Acid-Induced Spiroannulation Reactions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919908086094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Total Synthesis of ( ± )-Ginkgolide B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-092430-4.50009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Van Beek T, Scheeren H, Rantio T, Melger W, Lelyveld G. Determination of ginkgolides and bilobalide in Ginkgo biloba leaves and phytopharmaceuticals. J Chromatogr A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)95789-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Trost BM, Acemoglu M. A cycloaddition strategy directed toward the spiro ring system of the ginkgolides. Tetrahedron Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)99500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pietta P, Mauri P, Rava A. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of biflavones in Ginkgo biloba L. extracts. J Chromatogr A 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)90420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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