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Antonio JR, Franco JH, Almeida PZ, Almeida TS, Teixeira de Morais Polizeli MDL, Minteer SD, Rodrigues de Andrade A. Carbon Nanotube PtSn Nanoparticles for Enhanced Complete Biocatalytic Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol in Biofuel Cells. ACS MATERIALS AU 2021; 2:94-102. [PMID: 36855769 PMCID: PMC9888613 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a hybrid catalytic system containing metallic PtSn nanoparticles deposited on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Pt65Sn35/MWCNTs), prepared by the microwave-assisted method, coupled to the enzyme oxalate oxidase (OxOx) for complete ethylene glycol (EG) electrooxidation. Pt65Sn35/MWCNTs, without OxOx, showed good electrochemical activity toward EG oxidation and all the byproducts. Pt65Sn35/MWCNTs cleaved the glyoxilic acid C-C bond, producing CO2 and formic acid, which was further oxidized at the electrode. Concerning EG oxidation, the catalytic activity of the hybrid system (Pt65Sn35/MWCNTs+OxOx) was twice the catalytic activity of Pt65Sn35/MWCNTs. Long-term electrolysis revealed that Pt65Sn35/MWCNTs+OxOx was much more active for EG oxidation than Pt65Sn35/MWCNTs: the charge increased by 65%. The chromatographic results proved that Pt65Sn35/MWCNTs+OxOx collected all of the 10 electrons per molecule of the fuel and was able to catalyze EG oxidation to CO2 due to the associative oxidation between the metallic nanoparticles and the enzymatic pathway. Overall, Pt65Sn35/MWCNTs+OxOx proved to be a promising system to enhance the development of enzymatic biofuel cells for further application in the bioelectrochemistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesimiel
Glaycon Rodrigues Antonio
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão
Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão
Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Honorio Franco
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão
Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão
Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Z. Almeida
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão
Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão
Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago S. Almeida
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão
Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão
Preto, SP, Brazil,Department
of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Iturama, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, 38280-000, Iturama, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Shelley D. Minteer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Adalgisa Rodrigues de Andrade
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão
Preto, University of São Paulo, 14040-901 Ribeirão
Preto, SP, Brazil,. Tel.: +55-16-3315-3725
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Yadav S, Srivastava AK, Singh DP, Arora DK. Isolation of oxalic acid tolerating fungi and decipherization of its potential to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum through oxalate oxidase like protein. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:3197-206. [PMID: 22864600 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxalic acid plays major role in the pathogenesis by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; it lowers the pH of nearby environment and creates the favorable condition for the infection. In this study we examined the degradation of oxalic acid through oxalate oxidase and biocontrol of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. A survey was conducted to collect the rhizospheric soil samples from Indo-Gangetic Plains of India to isolate the efficient fungal strains able to tolerate oxalic acid. A total of 120 fungal strains were isolated from root adhering soils of different vegetable crops. Out of 120 strains a total of 80 isolates were able to grow at 10 mM of oxalic acid whereas only 15 isolates were grow at 50 mM of oxalic acid concentration. Then we examined the antagonistic activity of the 15 isolates against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These strains potentially inhibit the growth of the test pathogen. A total of three potential strains and two standard cultures of fungi were tested for the oxalate oxidase activity. Strains S7 showed the maximum degradation of oxalic acid (23 %) after 60 min of incubation with fungal extract having oxalate oxidase activity. Microscopic observation and ITS (internally transcribed spacers) sequencing categorized the potential fungal strains into the Aspergillus, Fusarium and Trichoderma. Trichoderma sp. are well studied biocontrol agent and interestingly we also found the oxalate oxidase type activity in these strains which further strengthens the potentiality of these biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Yadav
- National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Mau Nath Bhanjan, Uttar Pradesh 275101, India.
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Pedas P, Husted S, Skytte K, Schjoerring JK. Elevated phosphorus impedes manganese acquisition by barley plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:37. [PMID: 22639592 PMCID: PMC3355622 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of manganese (Mn) deficiency in cereal crops has increased in recent years. This coincides with increasing phosphorus (P) status of many soils due to application of high levels of animal manure and P-fertilizers. In order to test the hypothesis that elevated P my lead to Mn deficiency we have here conducted a series of hydroponics and soil experiments examining how the P supply affects the Mn nutrition of barley. Evidence for a direct negative interaction between P and Mn during root uptake was obtained by on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Addition of a pulse of KH(2)PO(4) rapidly and significantly reduced root Mn uptake, while a similar concentration of KCl had no effect. Addition of a P pulse to the same nutrient solution without plants did not affect the concentration of Mn, revealing that no precipitation of Mn-P species was occurring. Barley plants growing at a high P supply in hydroponics with continuous replenishment of Mn(2+) had up to 50% lower Mn concentration in the youngest leaves than P limited plants. This P-induced depression of foliar Mn accelerated the development of Mn deficiency as evidenced by a marked change in the fluorescence induction kinetics of chlorophyll a. Also plants growing in soil exhibited lower leaf Mn concentrations in response to elevated P. In contrast, leaf concentrations of Fe, Cu, and N increased with the P supply, supporting that the negative effect of P on Mn acquisition was specific rather than due to a general dilution effect. It is concluded that elevated P supply directly interferes with Mn uptake in barley roots and that this negative interaction can induce Mn deficiency in the shoot. This finding has major implications in commercial plant production where many soils have high P levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai Pedas
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristian Skytte
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Moussatche P, Angerhofer A, Imaram W, Hoffer E, Uberto K, Brooks C, Bruce C, Sledge D, Richards NGJ, Moomaw EW. Characterization of Ceriporiopsis subvermispora bicupin oxalate oxidase expressed in Pichia pastoris. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 509:100-7. [PMID: 21376010 PMCID: PMC3078958 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Oxalate oxidase (E.C. 1.2.3.4) catalyzes the oxygen-dependent oxidation of oxalate to carbon dioxide in a reaction that is coupled with the formation of hydrogen peroxide. Although there is currently no structural information available for oxalate oxidase from Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (CsOxOx), sequence data and homology modeling indicate that it is the first manganese-containing bicupin enzyme identified that catalyzes this reaction. Interestingly, CsOxOx shares greatest sequence homology with bicupin microbial oxalate decarboxylases (OxDC). We show that CsOxOx activity directly correlates with Mn content and other metals do not appear to be able to support catalysis. EPR spectra indicate that the Mn is present as Mn(II), and are consistent with the coordination environment expected from homology modeling with known X-ray crystal structures of OxDC from Bacillus subtilis. EPR spin-trapping experiments support the existence of an oxalate-derived radical species formed during turnover. Acetate and a number of other small molecule carboxylic acids are competitive inhibitors for oxalate in the CsOxOx catalyzed reaction. The pH dependence of this reaction suggests that the dominant contribution to catalysis comes from the monoprotonated form of oxalate binding to a form of the enzyme in which an active site carboxylic acid residue must be unprotonated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moussatche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200
| | - Alexander Angerhofer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200
| | - Witcha Imaram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200
| | - Eric Hoffer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road, Kennesaw, GA 30144-5588
| | - Kelsey Uberto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road, Kennesaw, GA 30144-5588
| | - Christopher Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Gainesville State College, 3820 Mundy Mill Road, Oakwood, GA 30566-3414
| | - Crystal Bruce
- Department of Chemistry, Gainesville State College, 3820 Mundy Mill Road, Oakwood, GA 30566-3414
| | - Daniel Sledge
- Department of Chemistry, Gainesville State College, 3820 Mundy Mill Road, Oakwood, GA 30566-3414
| | - Nigel G. J. Richards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200
| | - Ellen W. Moomaw
- Department of Chemistry, Gainesville State College, 3820 Mundy Mill Road, Oakwood, GA 30566-3414
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, 1000 Chastain Road, Kennesaw, GA 30144-5588
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Effects of ionic substances in bleaching filtrates and of lignosulfonates on the activity of oxalate oxidase from barley. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Brudzyński A, Salamon A. The Oxalic Acid Content in Selected Barley Varieties Grown in Poland, as well as in their Malts and Worts. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2011.tb00445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Breen J, Bellgard M. Germin-like proteins (GLPs) in cereal genomes: gene clustering and dynamic roles in plant defence. Funct Integr Genomics 2010; 10:463-76. [PMID: 20683632 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-010-0184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recent release of the genome sequences of a number of crop and model plant species has made it possible to define the genome organisation and functional characteristics of specific genes and gene families of agronomic importance. For instance, Sorghum bicolor, maize (Zea mays) and Brachypodium distachyon genome sequences along with the model grass species rice (Oryza sativa) enable the comparative analysis of genes involved in plant defence. Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are a small, functionally and taxonomically diverse class of cupin-domain containing proteins that have recently been shown to cluster in an area of rice chromosome 8. The genomic location of this gene cluster overlaps with a disease resistance QTL that provides defence against two rice fungal pathogens (Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani). Studies showing the involvement of GLPs in basal host resistance against powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis ssp.) have also been reported in barley and wheat. In this mini-review, we compare the close proximity of GLPs in publicly available cereal crop genomes and discuss the contribution that these proteins, and their genome sequence organisation, play in plant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Breen
- Institute for Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Godfrey D, Able AJ, Dry IB. Induction of a grapevine germin-like protein (VvGLP3) gene is closely linked to the site of Erysiphe necator infection: a possible role in defense? MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2007; 20:1112-25. [PMID: 17849714 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-20-9-1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Germin-like proteins (GLP) have various proposed roles in plant development and defense. Seven novel GLP cDNA clones were isolated from grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction expression analysis revealed that the VvGLP genes exhibit diverse and highly specific patterns of expression in response to a variety of abiotic and biotic treatments, including challenge by Erysiphe necator, Plasmopara viticola, and Botrytis cinerea, suggesting a diversity of roles for each of the GLP family members. Significantly, one of the grapevine GLP genes, VvGLP3, is induced specifically by E. necator infection and expression is closely linked to the site of infection. Subcellular localization of VvGLP3 determined by transient expression of a VvGLP3:GFP fusion construct in onion cells indicated that the recombinant protein was targeted to the cell wall. Recombinant VvGLP3 was successfully expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and the partially purified recombinant protein was demonstrated to have superoxide dismutase activity. This data has provided an insight into the diverse nature of the GLP family in grapevine and suggests that VvGLP3 may be involved in the defense response against E. necator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Godfrey
- CSIRO Plant Industry, PO Box 350, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Straganz GD, Nidetzky B. Variations of the 2-His-1-carboxylate theme in mononuclear non-heme FeII oxygenases. Chembiochem 2007; 7:1536-48. [PMID: 16858718 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A facial triad of two histidine side chains and one aspartate or glutamate side chain forms the canonical metal-coordinating motif in the catalytic centers of various mononuclear non-heme Fe(II) enzymes. Although these active sites are based on totally unrelated protein folds and bring about a wide range of chemical transformations, most of them share the ability to couple dioxygen reduction with the oxygenation of an organic substrate. With the increasing number of protein structures now solved, it has become clear that the 2-His-1-carboxylate signature is less of a paradigm for non-heme Fe(II) active sites than had long been thought and that it can be replaced by alternative metal centers in various oxygenases, the structure-function relationships and proposed catalytic mechanisms of which are reviewed here. Metal coordination through three histidines and one glutamate constitutes the classical motif described for enzyme members of the cupin protein superfamily, such as aci-reductone dioxygenase and quercetin dioxygenase, multiple metal forms of which (including the Fe(II) type) are found in nature. Cysteine dioxygenase and diketone dioxygenase, which are strictly Fe(II)-dependent oxygenases based on the cupin fold, bind the catalytic metal through the homologous triad of histidines, but lack the fourth glutamate ligand. An alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent Fe(II) halogenase shows metal coordination by two histidines as the only protein-derived ligands, whilst carotene oxygenase, from a different protein fold family, features an Fe(II) site consisting of four histidine side chains. These recently discovered metallocenters are discussed with respect to their metal-binding properties and the reaction coordinates of the O(2)-dependent conversions they catalyze.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Straganz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 12/I, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Berrisford JM, Hounslow AM, Akerboom J, Hagen WR, Brouns SJJ, van der Oost J, Murray IA, Michael Blackburn G, Waltho JP, Rice DW, Baker PJ. Evidence Supporting a cis-enediol-based Mechanism for Pyrococcus furiosus Phosphoglucose Isomerase. J Mol Biol 2006; 358:1353-66. [PMID: 16580686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 03/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatic aldose ketose isomerisation of glucose and fructose sugars involves the transfer of a hydrogen between their C1 and C2 carbon atoms and, in principle, can proceed through either a direct hydride shift or via a cis-enediol intermediate. Pyrococcus furiosus phosphoglucose isomerase (PfPGI), an archaeal metalloenzyme, which catalyses the interconversion of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate, has been suggested to operate via a hydride shift mechanism. In contrast, the structurally distinct PGIs of eukaryotic or bacterial origin are thought to catalyse isomerisation via a cis-enediol intermediate. We have shown by NMR that hydrogen exchange between substrate and solvent occurs during the reaction catalysed by PfPGI eliminating the possibility of a hydride-shift-based mechanism. In addition, kinetic measurements on this enzyme have shown that 5-phospho-d-arabinonohydroxamate, a stable analogue of the putative cis-enediol intermediate, is the most potent inhibitor of the enzyme yet discovered. Furthermore, determination and analysis of crystal structures of PfPGI with bound zinc and the substrate F6P, and with a number of competitive inhibitors, and EPR analysis of the coordination of the metal ion within PfPGI, have suggested that a cis-enediol intermediate-based mechanism is used by PfPGI with Glu97 acting as the catalytic base responsible for isomerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Berrisford
- The Krebs Institute for Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Duboc C, Astier-Perret V, Chen H, Pécaut J, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW, Collomb MN. A multifrequency high-field EPR (9–285GHz) investigation of a series of dichloride mononuclear penta-coordinated Mn(II) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Ahrazem O, Ibáñez MD, López-Torrejón G, Sánchez-Monge R, Sastre J, Lombardero M, Barber D, Salcedo G. Orange Germin-Like Glycoprotein Cit s 1: An Equivocal Allergen. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2006; 139:96-103. [PMID: 16357490 DOI: 10.1159/000090384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orange allergens are virtually unknown, in spite of the large consumption of this fruit. Germin-like proteins, together with vicilins and legumins, form the cupin superfamily of plant proteins, which includes many seed allergens. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with allergy to oranges were studied. A major IgE-binding protein from orange extracts was isolated by means of a two-step cation-exchange chromatographic protocol. The allergen was characterized by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and MALDI analysis, and its reactivity explored by specific IgE determination in individual sera, ELISA inhibition assays and in vivo skin prick tests (SPT). Chemical deglycosylation of the purified allergen was achieved by trifluoromethylsulfonate acid treatment. RESULTS The 24-kDa purified allergen, designated Cit s 1, was identified as a germin-like glycoprotein, based on its N-terminal amino acid sequence, molecular size and recognition by rabbit anti-complex N-linked glycan antibodies. Specific IgE to Cit s 1 was detected in 62% of 29 individual sera from orange-allergic patients, whereas positive SPT responses to the purified allergen were obtained in only 10% of such patients. Deglycosylation of Cit s 1 resulted in a loss of its IgE-binding capacity. Moreover, the unrelated plant glycoprotein horseradish peroxidase inhibited over 70% the IgE-binding to Cit s 1. CONCLUSIONS Over 60% of patients with allergy to oranges show specific IgE to Cit s 1. However, the purified allergen exerts a low in vivo reactivity. Complex N-linked glycans seem to play a prominent role in the IgE-binding capacity of Cit s 1. This characteristic of Cit s 1, as well as of other orange glycoproteins, could lead to false positives if the diagnosis of allergy to oranges is mainly based on in vitro specific IgE determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Ahrazem
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, UPM, Madrid, España
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Ghachtouli SE, Mohamadou A, Barbier JP. Crystal structure of six and seven coordinate manganese(II) complexes with penta and hexadentate pyridylmethyl ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Cassland P, Larsson S, Nilvebrant NO, Jönsson LJ. Heterologous expression of barley and wheat oxalate oxidase in an E. coli trxB gor double mutant. J Biotechnol 2004; 109:53-62. [PMID: 15063614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2002] [Accepted: 10/14/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oxalate oxidase catalyses the degradation of oxalic acid to carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide and is of commercial importance for clinical analyses of oxalate in biological samples. Novel potential applications for oxalate oxidase include the prevention of the formation of calcium oxalate incrusts in pulp and paper manufacture and rapid determination of oxalic acid in process waters. The potential in using oxalate-degrading enzymes in industrial processes increases the interest in finding systems for heterologous expression. Oxalate oxidase from barley is a secreted multimeric glycosylated manganese-containing enzyme with several disulfide bridges, which have been found to be essential for the catalytic activity. Attempts to achieve expression of active heterologous oxalate oxidase in bacteria have up to now met little success. In this study, one oxalate-oxidase-encoding cDNA from barley and two from wheat were cloned and tested with regard to expression in Escherichia coli. The results suggest that the selection of a novel commercially available E. coli host strain, which has the ability to form disulfide bridges in heterologous proteins expressed in its cytoplasm, was important for successful expression. Although a considerable part of the heterologous protein was produced in an insoluble and inactive form, this strain, E. coli Origami B(DE3), in addition yielded soluble and active barley and wheat oxalate oxidase. One of the wheat cDNAs, Ta(M)OXO1, gave three-fold higher activity than the barley cDNA, Hv(H)OXO1, while the other wheat cDNA, Ta(M)OXO2, gave no detectable activity. This indicates that the choice of cDNA was also critical despite the high identity between the cDNAs and the encoded polypeptides (88-89% on the nucleotide level and 88-92% on the amino-acid level). Gel filtration of cell extracts containing heterologous barley and wheat oxalate oxidase resulted in an increase in the activity. This indicates that low molecular weight inhibitory compounds were present in the E. coli lysates but could be removed by the introduction of a purification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Cassland
- Applied Microbiology, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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