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Di Giorgio E, Cortolezzis Y, Gualandi N, Agostini F, Rapozzi V, Xodo LE. NRF2 interacts with distal enhancer and inhibits nitric oxide synthase 2 expression in KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119606. [PMID: 37852325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a pleiotropic free radical produced by three nitric oxide synthases (NOS1-3), of which inducible NOS2 is involved in tumor initiation and progression. In this study, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and qRT-PCR experiments combined with bioinformatic analyses showed that NRF2 is a repressor of NOS2 gene by maintaining a distal enhancer located 22 kb downstream of TSS in an inactive state. Deletion of NRF2 leads to activation of the enhancer, which exerts a pioneering function before it is fully activated. Specifically, NRF2 controls the expression of NOS2 in response to intracellular oxidative stress and extracellular oxygen pressure. We found that abrogation of NOS2 expression by siRNAs partially reduced the ability of WT Panc-1 cells to form 3D spheroids, but strongly reduced the formation of 3D spheroids by NRF2-depleted Panc-1 cells. Mechanistically, this effect correlates with the finding that NOS2 and nitric oxide stimulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in NRF2-depleted Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. We also found that knockdown of NOS2 leads to blockade of 3D matrigel invasion of NRF2-depleted PDAC cells, demonstrating that a short-circuit in the reciprocal regulation of NOS2 and NRF2 attenuates the malignancy of PDAC cells. In summary, we show for the first time that: (i) NRF2 is a suppressor of NOS2 in pancreatic cancer cells; (ii) NRF2 binds to and inactivates an enhancer located 22 kb downstream of TSS of the NOS2 gene; (iii) activation of NOS2 requires suppression of NRF2; (iv) NOS2 is required for NRF2-depleted Panc-1 cells to maintain their malignancy and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
| | - Ylenia Cortolezzis
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Nicolò Gualandi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Francesca Agostini
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Valentina Rapozzi
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Luigi E Xodo
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biochemistry, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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2
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Zhou HL, Grimmett ZW, Venetos NM, Stomberski CT, Qian Z, McLaughlin PJ, Bansal PK, Zhang R, Reynolds JD, Premont RT, Stamler JS. An enzyme that selectively S-nitrosylates proteins to regulate insulin signaling. Cell 2023; 186:5812-5825.e21. [PMID: 38056462 PMCID: PMC10794992 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) species are cofactors for numerous enzymes that acylate thousands of proteins. Here, we describe an enzyme that uses S-nitroso-CoA (SNO-CoA) as its cofactor to S-nitrosylate multiple proteins (SNO-CoA-assisted nitrosylase, SCAN). Separate domains in SCAN mediate SNO-CoA and substrate binding, allowing SCAN to selectively catalyze SNO transfer from SNO-CoA to SCAN to multiple protein targets, including the insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1). Insulin-stimulated S-nitrosylation of INSR/IRS1 by SCAN reduces insulin signaling physiologically, whereas increased SCAN activity in obesity causes INSR/IRS1 hypernitrosylation and insulin resistance. SCAN-deficient mice are thus protected from diabetes. In human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, SCAN expression increases with body mass index and correlates with INSR S-nitrosylation. S-nitrosylation by SCAN/SNO-CoA thus defines a new enzyme class, a unique mode of receptor tyrosine kinase regulation, and a revised paradigm for NO function in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zachary W Grimmett
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas M Venetos
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Colin T Stomberski
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qian
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Precious J McLaughlin
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Puneet K Bansal
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rongli Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James D Reynolds
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA; Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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3
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Fukuto JM. The chemistry of hydropersulfides (RSSH) as related to possible physiological functions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109659. [PMID: 37263465 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydropersulfides (RSSH) are oxidized thiol (RSH) derivatives that have been shown to be biologically prevalent with likely important functions (along with other polysulfur compounds). The functional utility of RSSH can be gleaned from their unique chemical properties. That is, RSSH possess chemical reactivity not present in other biologically relevant sulfur species that should allow them to be used in specific ways in biology as effector/signaling molecules. For example, compared to RSH, RSSH are considered to be superior nucleophiles, reductants and metal ligands. Moreover, unlike RSH, RSSH can be either reductants/nucleophiles or oxidants/electrophiles depending on the protonated state. It has also become clear that studies related to the chemical biology and physiology of hydrogen suflide (H2S) must also consider the effects of RSSH (and related polysulfur species) as they are biochemically linked. Herein is a discussion of the relevant chemistry of RSSH that can serve as a basis for understanding how RSSH can be used by cells to, for example, combat stresses and used in signaling. Also, discussed are some current experimental studies regarding the biological activity of RSSH that can be explained by their chemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA.
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4
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Xie D, Huang Q, Zhou P. Drug Discovery Targeting Post-Translational Modifications in Response to DNA Damages Induced by Space Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087656. [PMID: 37108815 PMCID: PMC10142602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage in astronauts induced by cosmic radiation poses a major barrier to human space exploration. Cellular responses and repair of the most lethal DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are crucial for genomic integrity and cell survival. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation, are among the regulatory factors modulating a delicate balance and choice between predominant DSB repair pathways, such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). In this review, we focused on the engagement of proteins in the DNA damage response (DDR) modulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, including ATM, DNA-PKcs, CtIP, MDM2, and ubiquitin ligases. The involvement and function of acetylation, methylation, PARylation, and their essential proteins were also investigated, providing a repository of candidate targets for DDR regulators. However, there is a lack of radioprotectors in spite of their consideration in the discovery of radiosensitizers. We proposed new perspectives for the research and development of future agents against space radiation by the systematic integration and utilization of evolutionary strategies, including multi-omics analyses, rational computing methods, drug repositioning, and combinations of drugs and targets, which may facilitate the use of radioprotectors in practical applications in human space exploration to combat fatal radiation hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Xie
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28th, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology (BKLRB), Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Taiping Road 27th, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of South China, Changsheng West Road 28th, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang 421001, China
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5
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Papaleo E, Tiberti M, Arnaudi M, Pecorari C, Faienza F, Cantwell L, Degn K, Pacello F, Battistoni A, Lambrughi M, Filomeni G. TRAP1 S-nitrosylation as a model of population-shift mechanism to study the effects of nitric oxide on redox-sensitive oncoproteins. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:284. [PMID: 37085483 PMCID: PMC10121659 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is a post-translational modification in which nitric oxide (NO) binds to the thiol group of cysteine, generating an S-nitrosothiol (SNO) adduct. S-nitrosylation has different physiological roles, and its alteration has also been linked to a growing list of pathologies, including cancer. SNO can affect the function and stability of different proteins, such as the mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1. Interestingly, the SNO site (C501) of TRAP1 is in the proximity of another cysteine (C527). This feature suggests that the S-nitrosylated C501 could engage in a disulfide bridge with C527 in TRAP1, resembling the well-known ability of S-nitrosylated cysteines to resolve in disulfide bridge with vicinal cysteines. We used enhanced sampling simulations and in-vitro biochemical assays to address the structural mechanisms induced by TRAP1 S-nitrosylation. We showed that the SNO site induces conformational changes in the proximal cysteine and favors conformations suitable for disulfide bridge formation. We explored 4172 known S-nitrosylated proteins using high-throughput structural analyses. Furthermore, we used a coarse-grained model for 44 protein targets to account for protein flexibility. This resulted in the identification of up to 1248 proximal cysteines, which could sense the redox state of the SNO site, opening new perspectives on the biological effects of redox switches. In addition, we devised two bioinformatic workflows ( https://github.com/ELELAB/SNO_investigation_pipelines ) to identify proximal or vicinal cysteines for a SNO site with accompanying structural annotations. Finally, we analyzed mutations in tumor suppressors or oncogenes in connection with the conformational switch induced by S-nitrosylation. We classified the variants as neutral, stabilizing, or destabilizing for the propensity to be S-nitrosylated and undergo the population-shift mechanism. The methods applied here provide a comprehensive toolkit for future high-throughput studies of new protein candidates, variant classification, and a rich data source for the research community in the NO field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Papaleo
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Matteo Tiberti
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Arnaudi
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chiara Pecorari
- Redox Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fiorella Faienza
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lisa Cantwell
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine Degn
- Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Francesca Pacello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Battistoni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Cancer Structural Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Filomeni
- Redox Biology, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Center for Healthy Aging, Copenhagen University, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) is a powerful antioxidant that reduces protein disulfides to maintain redox stability in cells and is involved in regulating multiple redox-dependent signaling pathways. Recent Advance: The current accumulation of findings suggests that Trx participates in signaling pathways that interact with various proteins to manipulate their dynamic regulation of structure and function. These network pathways are critical for cancer pathogenesis and therapy. Promising clinical advances have been presented by most anticancer agents targeting such signaling pathways. Critical Issues: We herein link the signaling pathways regulated by the Trx system to potential cancer therapeutic opportunities, focusing on the coordination and strengths of the Trx signaling pathways in apoptosis, ferroptosis, immunomodulation, and drug resistance. We also provide a mechanistic network for the exploitation of therapeutic small molecules targeting the Trx signaling pathways. Future Directions: As research data accumulate, future complex networks of Trx-related signaling pathways will gain in detail. In-depth exploration and establishment of these signaling pathways, including Trx upstream and downstream regulatory proteins, will be critical to advancing novel cancer therapeutics. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 38, 403-424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
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7
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Zarenkiewicz J, Perez-Ternero C, Kojasoy V, McGinity C, Khodade VS, Lin J, Tantillo DJ, Toscano JP, Hobbs AJ, Fukuto JM. The reaction of hydropersulfides (RSSH) with S-nitrosothiols (RS-NO) and the biological/physiological implications. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:459-467. [PMID: 35809768 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
S-Nitrosothiol (RS-NO) generation/levels have been implicated as being important to numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. As such, the mechanism(s) of their generation and degradation are important factors in determining their biological activity. Along with the effects on the activity of thiol proteins, RS-NOs have also been reported to be reservoirs or storage forms of nitric oxide (NO). That is, it is hypothesized that NO can be released from RS-NO at opportune times to, for example, regulate vascular tone. However, to date there are few established mechanisms that can account for facile NO release from RS-NO. Recent discovery of the biological formation and prevalence of hydropersulfides (RSSH) and their subsequent reaction with RS-NO species provides a possible route for NO release from RS-NO. Herein, it is found that RSSH is capable of reacting with RS-NO to liberate NO and that the analogous reaction using RSH is not nearly as proficient in generating NO. Moreover, computational results support the prevalence of this reaction over other possible competing processes. Finally, results of biological studies of NO-mediated vasorelaxation are consistent with the idea that RS-NO species can be degraded by RSSH to release NO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Perez-Ternero
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Volga Kojasoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christopher McGinity
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Vinayak S Khodade
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Joseph Lin
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - John P Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, 94928, USA.
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8
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E L D, T J W, A R F, A B P, K M R, C P D, C R G, J E W, K V S, R J U, M SM. Cancer and Associated Therapies Impact the Skeletal Muscle Proteome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:879263. [PMID: 35694399 PMCID: PMC9184684 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.879263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Both cancer and cancer associated therapies (CAT; including chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation) disrupt cellular metabolism throughout the body, including the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function. Adjunct testosterone therapy during standard of care chemotherapy and chemoradiation modulates CAT-induced dysregulation of skeletal muscle metabolism and protects lean body mass during CAT. However, the extent to which the skeletal muscle proteome is altered under these therapeutic conditions is unknown. Objective: We probed the skeletal muscle proteome of cancer patients as an ancillary analysis following a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial investigating the effect of adjunct testosterone on body composition in men and women with advanced cancers undergoing CAT. Methods: Men and women diagnosed with late stage (≥IIB) or recurrent head and neck or cervical cancer who were scheduled to receive standard of care CAT were administered an adjunct 7 weeks treatment of weekly intramuscular injections of either 100 mg testosterone (CAT+T, n = 7; 2M/5F) or placebo/saline (CAT+P, n = 6; 4M/2F). Biopsies were performed on the vastus lateralis before (PRE) and after (POST) the 7 weeks treatment. Extracted proteins were separated with 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), and subjected to analyses of total protein abundance, phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation. Proteoforms showing significant 1.5 fold differences (t-test p ≤ 0.05) between PRE and POST timepoints were identified by mass spectroscopy (MS), and lists of altered proteins were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to identify affected pathways. Results: A total of 756 distinct protein spots were identified. Of those spots, 102 were found to be altered in terms of abundance, phosphorylation, or S-nitrosylation, and identified by mass spectroscopy analysis to represent 58 unique proteins. Among the biological processes and pathways identified, CAT+P predominantly impacted metabolic processes, cell assembly, oxygen transport, and apoptotic signaling, while CAT+T impacted transcription regulation, muscle differentiation, muscle development, and contraction. Conclusion: Cancer and CAT significantly altered the skeletal muscle proteome in a manner suggestive of loss of structural integrity, reduced contractile function, and disrupted metabolism. Proteomic analysis suggests that the addition of adjunct testosterone minimized the structural and contractile influence of cancer and its associated therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon E L
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Wright T J
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Filley A R
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Pulliam A B
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Randolph K M
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Danesi C P
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Gilkison C R
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Wiktorowicz J E
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Soman K V
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Urban R J
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Sheffield-Moore M
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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9
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Mass spectrometry analysis of S-nitrosylation of proteins and its role in cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Hydropersulfides (RSSH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) Signaling: Possible Effects on S-Nitrosothiols (RS-NO). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010169. [PMID: 35052673 PMCID: PMC8773330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
S-Nitrosothiol (RS-NO) formation in proteins and peptides have been implicated as factors in the etiology of many diseases and as possible regulators of thiol protein function. They have also been proposed as possible storage forms of nitric oxide (NO). However, despite their proposed functions/roles, there appears to be little consensus regarding the physiological mechanisms of RS-NO formation and degradation. Hydropersulfides (RSSH) have recently been discovered as endogenously generated species with unique reactivity. One important reaction of RSSH is with RS-NO, which leads to the degradation of RS-NO as well as the release of NO. Thus, it can be speculated that RSSH can be a factor in the regulation of steady-state RS-NO levels, and therefore may be important in RS-NO (patho)physiology. Moreover, RSSH-mediated NO release from RS-NO may be a possible mechanism allowing RS-NO to serve as a storage form of NO.
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11
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He Q, Qu M, Xu C, Shi W, Hussain M, Jin G, Zhu H, Zeng LH, Wu X. The emerging roles of nitric oxide in ferroptosis and pyroptosis of tumor cells. Life Sci 2021; 290:120257. [PMID: 34952041 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells can develop resistance to cell death which is divided into necrosis and programmed cell death (PCD). PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. Ferroptosis and pyroptosis, two new forms of cell death, have gradually been of interest to researchers. Boosting ferroptosis and pyroptosis of tumor cells could be a potential cancer therapy. Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous, lipophilic, highly diffusible, free-radical signaling molecule that plays various roles in tumorigenesis. In addition, NO also has regulatory mechanisms through S-nitrosylation that do not depend on the classic NO/sGC/cGMP signaling. The current tumor treatment strategy for NO is to promote cell death through promoting S-nitrosylation-induced apoptosis while multiple drawbacks dampen this tumor therapy. However, numerous studies have suggested that suppression of NO is perceived to active ferroptosis and pyroptosis, which could be a better anti-tumor treatment. In this review, ferroptosis and pyroptosis are described in detail. We summarize that NO influences ferroptosis and pyroptosis and infer that S-nitrosylation mediates ferroptosis- and pyroptosis-related signaling pathways. It could be a potential cancer therapy different from NO-induced apoptosis of tumor cells. Finally, the information shows the drugs that manipulate endogenous production and exogenous delivery of NO to modulate the levels of S-nitrosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Biology and Genetics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guojian Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shaoxing Central Hospital Anchang Branch, Shaoxing City 312080, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Ling-Hui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China.
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310015, China; Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wilder CS, Chen Z, DiGiovanni J. Pharmacologic approaches to amino acid depletion for cancer therapy. Mol Carcinog 2021; 61:127-152. [PMID: 34534385 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to support increased demands in bioenergetics and biosynthesis and to maintain reactive oxygen species at optimum levels. As metabolic alterations are broadly observed across many cancer types, metabolic reprogramming is considered a hallmark of cancer. A metabolic alteration commonly seen in cancer cells is an increased demand for certain amino acids. Amino acids are involved in a wide range of cellular functions, including proliferation, redox balance, bioenergetic and biosynthesis support, and homeostatic functions. Thus, targeting amino acid dependency in cancer is an attractive strategy for a number of cancers. In particular, pharmacologically mediated amino acid depletion has been evaluated as a cancer treatment option for several cancers. Amino acids that have been investigated for the feasibility of drug-induced depletion in preclinical and clinical studies for cancer treatment include arginine, asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, lysine, and methionine. In this review, we will summarize the status of current research on pharmacologically mediated amino acid depletion as a strategy for cancer treatment and potential chemotherapeutic combinations that synergize with amino acid depletion to further inhibit tumor growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S Wilder
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Zhao Chen
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Melatonin, Its Metabolites and Their Interference with Reactive Nitrogen Compounds. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134105. [PMID: 34279445 PMCID: PMC8271479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin and several of its metabolites are interfering with reactive nitrogen. With the notion of prevailing melatonin formation in tissues that exceeds by far the quantities in blood, metabolites come into focus that are poorly found in the circulation. Apart from their antioxidant actions, both melatonin and N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) downregulate inducible and inhibit neuronal NO synthases, and additionally scavenge NO. However, the NO adduct of melatonin redonates NO, whereas AMK forms with NO a stable product. Many other melatonin metabolites formed in oxidative processes also contain nitrosylatable sites. Moreover, AMK readily scavenges products of the CO2-adduct of peroxynitrite such as carbonate radicals and NO2. Protein AMKylation seems to be involved in protective actions.
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Sharma V, Fernando V, Letson J, Walia Y, Zheng X, Fackelman D, Furuta S. S-Nitrosylation in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094600. [PMID: 33925645 PMCID: PMC8124305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible post-translational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), which is a bioactive signaling molecule, to exert a variety of effects. These effects include the modulation of protein conformation, activity, stability, and protein-protein interactions. S-nitrosylation plays a central role in propagating NO signals within a cell, tissue, and tissue microenvironment, as the nitrosyl moiety can rapidly be transferred from one protein to another upon contact. This modification has also been reported to confer either tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting effects and is portrayed as a process involved in every stage of cancer progression. In particular, S-nitrosylation has recently been found as an essential regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the environment around a tumor governing the disease pathogenesis. This review aims to outline the effects of S-nitrosylation on different resident cells in the TME and the diverse outcomes in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potentials of modulating S-nitrosylation levels in tumors.
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Photodynamic Therapy as an Oxidative Anti-Tumor Modality: Negative Effects of Nitric Oxide on Treatment Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050593. [PMID: 33919266 PMCID: PMC8143374 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a unique oxidative stress-based modality that has proven highly effective on a variety of solid malignancies. PDT is minimally invasive and generates cytotoxic oxidants such as singlet molecular oxygen (1O2). With high tumor site-specificity and limited off-target negative effects, PDT is increasingly seen as an attractive alternative or follow-up to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-lived bioactive free radical molecule that is exploited by many malignant tumors to promote cell survival, proliferation, and metastatic expansion. Typically generated endogenously by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2), low level NO can also antagonize many therapeutic interventions, including PDT. In addition to elevating resistance, iNOS-derived NO can stimulate growth and migratory aggressiveness of tumor cells that survive a PDT challenge. Moreover, NO from PDT-targeted cells in any given population is known to promote such aggressiveness in non-targeted counterparts (bystanders). Each of these negative responses to PDT and their possible underlying mechanisms will be discussed in this chapter. Promising pharmacologic approaches for mitigating these NO-mediated responses will also be discussed.
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