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Zoccatelli G, Sega M, Bolla M, Cecconi D, Vaccino P, Rizzi C, Chignola R, Brandolini A. Expression of α-amylase inhibitors in diploid Triticum species. Food Chem 2012; 135:2643-9. [PMID: 22980853 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to characterize the expression of various α-amylase inhibitors (αAIs), well known anti-nutritional compounds, for the development of healthier diploid wheat-based functional foods. The salt-soluble protein fractions from the seeds of 53 accessions among Triticum monococcum subsp. monococcum (T.m.), T. monococcum subsp. boeoticum (T.b.) and Triticum urartu (T.u.) were analyzed by immunoblotting after SDS-PAGE and Urea-PAGE using polyclonal antibodies (PABs) raised against 0.19 and 0.28 αAIs expressed in bread-wheat. Reverse zymography with human saliva and Tenebrio molitor α-amylases was used to assay inhibition activity. A great variability of the expression of αAI-related proteins was observed among T.b. and T.u. PABs, and reverse zymography revealed different bands, often not correlating with those present in bread-wheat. Two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and mass spectrometric analysis identified these proteins as αAIs. Interestingly, no signal was observed within T.m. accessions. This makes T.m. an important candidate for the production of novel functional foods.
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The impact of single nucleotide polymorphism in monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes from wild emmer wheat, primarily from Israel and Golan. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:170. [PMID: 20534122 PMCID: PMC2898687 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various enzyme inhibitors act on key insect gut digestive hydrolases, including alpha-amylases and proteinases. Alpha-amylase inhibitors have been widely investigated for their possible use in strengthening a plant's defense against insects that are highly dependent on starch as an energy source. We attempted to unravel the diversity of monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes of Israeli and Golan Heights' wild emmer wheat with different ecological factors (e.g., geography, water, and temperature). Population methods that analyze the nature and frequency of allele diversity within a species and the codon analysis method (comparing patterns of synonymous and non-synonymous changes in protein coding sequences) were used to detect natural selection. Results Three hundred and forty-eight sequences encoding monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors (WMAI) were obtained from 14 populations of wild emmer wheat. The frequency of SNPs in WMAI genes was 1 out of 16.3 bases, where 28 SNPs were detected in the coding sequence. The results of purifying and the positive selection hypothesis (p < 0.05) showed that the sequences of WMAI were contributed by both natural selection and co-evolution, which ensured conservation of protein function and inhibition against diverse insect amylases. The majority of amino acid substitutions occurred at the C-terminal (positive selection domain), which ensured the stability of WMAI. SNPs in this gene could be classified into several categories associated with water, temperature, and geographic factors, respectively. Conclusions Great diversity at the WMAI locus, both between and within populations, was detected in the populations of wild emmer wheat. It was revealed that WMAI were naturally selected for across populations by a ratio of dN/dS as expected. Ecological factors, singly or in combination, explained a significant proportion of the variations in the SNPs. A sharp genetic divergence over very short geographic distances compared to a small genetic divergence between large geographic distances also suggested that the SNPs were subjected to natural selection, and ecological factors had an important evolutionary role in polymorphisms at this locus. According to population and codon analysis, these results suggested that monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors are adaptively selected under different environmental conditions.
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Wang JR, Wei YM, Yan ZH, Zheng YL. SNP and haplotype identification of the wheat monomeric α-amylase inhibitor genes. Genetica 2007; 134:277-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-007-9235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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WILCOX EDWARDR, WHITAKER JOHNR. STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF RED KIDNEY BEAN á-AMYLASE INHIBITOR IMPORTANT IN BINDING WITH á-AMYLASE. J Food Biochem 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1984.tb00324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lilley GG, Inglis AS. Amino acid sequence of conglutin δ, a sulfur-rich seed protein of Lupinus angustifolius
L. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)80167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Shewry PR, Lafiandra D, Salcedo G, Aragoncillo C, Garcia-Olmedo F, Lew EJL, Dietler MD, Kasarda DD. N-terminal amino acid sequences of chloroform/methanol-soluble proteins and albumins from endosperms of wheat, barley and related species. FEBS Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sanchez-Monge R, Gomez L, Barber D, Lopez-Otin C, Armentia A, Salcedo G. Wheat and barley allergens associated with baker's asthma. Glycosylated subunits of the alpha-amylase-inhibitor family have enhanced IgE-binding capacity. Biochem J 1992; 281 ( Pt 2):401-5. [PMID: 1736890 PMCID: PMC1130698 DOI: 10.1042/bj2810401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A 16 kDa protein, designated CM16*, which strongly binds IgE from baker's-asthma patients has been identified as a glycosylated form of the previously reported WTAI-CM16, which is a subunit of the wheat tetrameric alpha-amylase inhibitor. A glycosylated form (CMb*) of BTAI-CMb, the equivalent inhibitor subunit from barley, has been also found to have significantly enhanced IgE-binding capacity. In all, 14 purified members of the alpha-amylase/trypsin-inhibitor family showed very different IgE-binding capacities when tested by a dot-blot assay. The glycosylated components CM16*, CMb* and the previously described non-glycosylated 14.5 kDa allergen from barley (renamed BMAI-1) were found to be the strongest allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sanchez-Monge
- Departmento de Bioquímica, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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Poerio E, Caporale C, Carrano L, Pucci P, Buonocore V. Assignment of the five disulfide bridges in an alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat kernel by fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry and Edman degradation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 199:595-600. [PMID: 1868845 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb16159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The assignment of the five disulfide bridges in an alpha-amylase monomeric inhibitor from wheat kernel (coded 0.28) was achieved by combining fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and automatic sequencing based on Edman degradation. Direct FAB-MS analysis of the native and reduced enzymatic digests of the protein allowed the assignment of three disulfide bridges out of five, including those involving two adjacent cysteine residues. The remaining two disulfide bridges were assigned by sequencing automatically the peptide clusters purified from the tryptic digest of the native protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Poerio
- Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Baker J. Purification of an α-amylase inhibitor from wheat, Triticum aestivum, and its interaction with amylases from the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(88)90043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Characterization of homologous inhibitors of trypsin and α-amylase from seeds of rye (Secale cereale L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(87)90314-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Solvent perturbation spectra of yellow mealworm α-amylase and of wheat protein inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(87)90032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Baker J. Purification of isoamylases from the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), by high-performance liquid chromatography and their interaction with partially-purified amylase inhibitors from wheat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(87)90141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Buonocore V, Silano V. Biochemical, nutritional and toxicological aspects of alpha-amylase inhibitors from plant foods. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1986; 199:483-507. [PMID: 3492092 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-0022-0_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper is a critical review of the available data on plant protein inhibitors active either on animal or endogenous plant alpha-amylases. The First Section is a review of available data on molecular properties of the purified inhibitors from cereals, legumes, colocasia and yam. The Second Section deals with properties of amylase-inhibitor complexes and parameters controlling the interaction between amylases and inhibitors. The Third Section discusses possible roles of these inhibitors in the plant, whereas Section Four focuses on nutritional and toxicological significance of amylase inhibitors for human beings and other mammals. Lastly Section Five examines some applications in medicine of alpha-amylase inhibitors from plants.
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Buonocore V, De Biasi MG, Giardina P, Poerio E, Silano V. Purification and properties of an α-amylase tetrameric inhibitor from wheat kernel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(85)90147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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TANIZAKI MARTHAMASSAKO, LAJOLO FRANCOM, FILHO FLAVIOFINARDI. COMBINATION OF BLACK BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) AMYLASE INHIBITOR WITH MODIFIED PANCREATIC ?-AMYLASE. J Food Biochem 1985. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1985.tb00341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maeda K, Kakabayashi S, Matsubara H. Complete amino acid sequence of an alpha-amylase inhibitor in wheat kernel (0.19-inhibitor). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 828:213-21. [PMID: 3872681 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(85)90299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid composition of the 0.19-inhibitor from wheat kernel is very similar to that of the 0.53-inhibitor, but a marked difference in inhibitory activity towards human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases was detected between the two inhibitors. Elucidation of the primary structure of the 0.19-inhibitor and structural comparison with the 0.53-inhibitor is essential to understand not only the mechanism of the selective inhibitory behaviors but also evolutional relationship of these inhibitors. The complete amino acid sequence of the 0.19-inhibitor was determined after cleaving the protein with cyanogen bromide and trypsin. As in the case for the 0.53-inhibitor, the 0.19-inhibitor is composed of two identical subunits with 124 amino acid residues. Comparison of the sequence of the 0.53- and 0.19-inhibitor shows very high sequence homology with amino acid substitutions at seven positions.
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Maeda K, Tamakoshi K, Yamashita A, Fukumoto T. Monoclonal antibodies against an alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat kernel. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1985; 828:222-8. [PMID: 3872682 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(85)90300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An alpha-amylase inhibitor (called the 0.53-inhibitor, Maeda, K., Takamori, Y. and Oka, O. (1982) Agric. Biol. Chem. 41, 2873-2875) and the carboxymethylated inhibitor were used to immunize mice (strain BALB/c) according to a procedure described earlier (McMaster, W.R. and Williams, A.F., (1979) Eur. J. Immunol. 9, 426-433). After fusion of spleen cells with NS-1 myeloma cells, three stable clones producing antibodies against the inhibitor were obtained. The binding characteristics of the monoclonal antibodies, AWAI-1, AWAI-2 and AWAI-3, to the inhibitor were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Two of these monoclonal antibodies to the alpha-amylase inhibitor did not show any binding affinity towards carboxymethylated inhibitor, suggesting that the main antigenic determinant on the native inhibitor is tertiary-structure dependent. The monoclonal antibodies obtained cross-reacted with three other alpha-amylase inhibitors (the 0.19-, the 0.36- and the 0.38-inhibitor) in wheat and these were separated together with the 0.53-inhibitor from the rest of inhibitors by immunoaffinity chromatography. One stable clone producing antibody against the carboxymethylated inhibitor was also established, AWAI-4. The antigenic determinant to this antibody was found to be included in the region of Met(5)-Lys(25) on the carboxymethylated inhibitor.
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Buonocore V, Giardina P, Parlamenti R, Poerio E, Silano V. Characterisation of chicken pancreas alpha-amylase isozymes and interaction with protein inhibitors from wheat kernel. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 1984; 35:225-232. [PMID: 6608630 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.2740350216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Hejgaard J, Svendsen IB, Mundy J. Barley α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor. II. N-terminal amino acid sequence and homology with inhibitors of the soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02906172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maeda K, Hase T, Matsubara H. Complete amino acid sequence of an alpha-amylase inhibitor in wheat kernel. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 743:52-7. [PMID: 6186287 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(83)90417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We recently purified a new alpha-amylase inhibitor (called 0.53-inhibitor according to its mobility on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, at pH 8.5, relative to Bromophenol blue (taken as 1), under the conditions described by O'Donnell, M.D. and McGeeney, K.F. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 422, 159-169)) from wheat kernel, which has 500-times greater inhibitory activity towards human salivary amylase than towards human pancreatic amylase (Maeda, K., Takemori, Y. and Oka, O. (1982) Agric. Biol. Chem. 41, 2873-2875). Elucidation of the primary structure and structural comparison with other amylase inhibitors are essential to understand the mechanism of the selective inhibitory behavior of 0.53-inhibitor. The complete amino acid sequence of 0.53-inhibitor has been determined after cleaving the protein with CNBr and trypsin separately. 0.53-Inhibitor is composed of two identical subunits with 124 amino acid residues and contains nine cysteine residues in each subunit. Comparison of the sequence of 0.53- and 0.28-inhibitor, which is a major alpha-amylase inhibitor in wheat, with Mr 12 000, of monomeric form, shows high sequence homologies of nine cysteine regions, but significant differences are evident.
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Warchalewski JR. Present-day studies on cereals protein nature alpha-amylase inhibitors. DIE NAHRUNG 1983; 27:103-17. [PMID: 6190085 DOI: 10.1002/food.19830270202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Odani S, Koide T, Ono T. Sequence homology between barley trypsin inhibitor and wheat alpha-amylase inhibitors. FEBS Lett 1982; 141:279-82. [PMID: 6178623 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)80066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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O'Connor CM, McGeeney KF. Isolation and characterization of four inhibitors from wheat flour which display differential inhibition specificities for human salivary and human pancreatic alpha-amylases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1981; 658:387-96. [PMID: 6166323 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2744(81)90309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Four alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.1) inhibitors were isolated from an albumin fraction of wheat flour by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The purified inhibitors were characterized according to their electrophoretic mobilities, molecular weights, carbohydrate, content, sulphydryl content, susceptibility to proteolytic digestion and specificities in inhibiting human salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases. The properties of these inhibitors ae compared to similar proteins isolated by other workers.
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Buonocore V, Gramenzi F, Pace W, Petrucci T, Poerio E, Silano V. Interaction of wheat monomeric and dimeric protein inhibitors with alpha-amylase from yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L. larva). Biochem J 1980; 187:637-45. [PMID: 6985361 PMCID: PMC1162446 DOI: 10.1042/bj1870637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The highly purified alpha-amylase from Tenebrio molitor L. larva (yellow mealworm) reversibly combines with two closely related homogeneous glycoprotein inhibitors, one dimeric (termed 'inhibitor 0.19') and one monomeric (termed 'inhibitor 0.28'), from wheat flour. As established by means of difference spectroscopy and kinetic studies, molar combining ratios for the amylase--inhibitor-0.19 and amylase-inhibitor-0.28 complexes were 1:1 and 1:2 respectively. Two amylase--inhibitor-0.19 complexes with slightly different retention volumes on Bio-Gel P-300 and only one amylase--inhibitor-0.28 complex were observed. Dissociation constants of the amylase--inhibitor-0.19 and amylase--inhibitor-0.28 complexes were 0.85 nM and 0.13 nM respectively. A strong tendency of both complexes to precipitate under an ultracentrifugal field was observed; the minimum molecular weight calculated for the two complexes under such conditions was approx. 95 000. The two complexes showed difference spectra indicating involvement of structurally related or identical tryptophyl side chains in the binding of inhibitors 0.28 and 0.19 to the amylase. A model summarizing the main features of the inhibition of the insect amylase by the two wheat protein inhibitors is proposed.
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