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Modifying effects of carboxyl group on the interaction of recombinant S100A8/A9 complex with tyrosinase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:370-379. [PMID: 28017864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a determinant enzyme for modulating melanin production as its abnormal activity can result in an increased amount of melanin. Reduction of tyrosinase activity has been targeted for preventing and healing hyperpigmentation of skin, such as melanoma and age related spots. The aim of this systematic study is to investigate whether recombinant S100A8/A9 and its modified form reduce the activity of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) through changing its structure. Recombinant His-Tagged S100A8 and S100A9 are expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and modified using Woodward's reagent K which is a carboxyl group modifier. The structures of S100A8/A9 and its modified form are studied using fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy, and the activity of MT is measured using UV-visible spectrophotometry in the presence of its substrate, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). The results show a lower stability of the modified protein when compared with its unmodified form. The interaction of S100A8/A9 with MT changes the structure and successfully reduces the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Recombinant S100A8/A9 complex decreases MT activity which can control malignant melanoma, the most dangerous type of skin cancer.
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Ranjan B, Satyanarayana T. Recombinant HAP Phytase of the Thermophilic Mold Sporotrichum thermophile: Expression of the Codon-Optimized Phytase Gene in Pichia pastoris and Applications. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:137-47. [PMID: 26758064 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The codon-optimized phytase gene of the thermophilic mold Sporotrichum thermophile (St-Phy) was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant P. pastoris harboring the phytase gene (rSt-Phy) yielded a high titer of extracellular phytase (480 ± 23 U/mL) on induction with methanol. The recombinant phytase production was ~40-fold higher than that of the native fungal strain. The purified recombinant phytase (rSt-Phy) has the molecular mass of 70 kDa on SDS-PAGE, with K m and V max (calcium phytate), k cat and k cat/K m values of 0.147 mM and 183 nmol/mg s, 1.3 × 10(3)/s and 8.84 × 10(6)/M s, respectively. Mg(2+) and Ba(2+) display a slight stimulatory effect, while other cations tested exert inhibitory action on phytase. The enzyme is inhibited by chaotropic agents (guanidinium hydrochloride, potassium iodide, and urea), Woodward's reagent K and 2,3-bunatedione, but resistant to both pepsin and trypsin. The rSt-Phy is useful in the dephytinization of broiler feeds efficiently in simulated gut conditions of chick leading to the liberation of soluble inorganic phosphate with concomitant mitigation in antinutrient effects of phytates. The addition of vanadate makes it a potential candidate for generating haloperoxidase, which has several applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhuti Ranjan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - T Satyanarayana
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Production of Ca2+-Independent and Acidstable Recombinant α-Amylase of Bacillus acidicola Extracellularly and its Applicability in Generating Maltooligosaccharides. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:707-717. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mehta D, Satyanarayana T. Bacterial and Archaeal α-Amylases: Diversity and Amelioration of the Desirable Characteristics for Industrial Applications. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1129. [PMID: 27516755 PMCID: PMC4963412 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial enzyme market has been projected to reach US$ 6.2 billion by 2020. Major reasons for continuous rise in the global sales of microbial enzymes are because of increase in the demand for consumer goods and biofuels. Among major industrial enzymes that find applications in baking, alcohol, detergent, and textile industries are α-amylases. These are produced by a variety of microbes, which randomly cleave α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch leading to the formation of limit dextrins. α-Amylases from different microbial sources vary in their properties, thus, suit specific applications. This review focuses on the native and recombinant α-amylases from bacteria and archaea, their production and the advancements in the molecular biology, protein engineering and structural studies, which aid in ameliorating their properties to suit the targeted industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Mehta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
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Ranjan B, Singh B, Satyanarayana T. Characteristics of Recombinant Phytase (rSt-Phy) of the Thermophilic mold Sporotrichum thermophile and its applicability in dephytinizing foods. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:1753-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sharma A, Satyanarayana T. Characteristics of a High Maltose-Forming, Acid-Stable, and Ca2+-Independent α-amylase of the Acidophilic Bacillus acidicola. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 171:2053-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sharma A, Satyanarayana T. Microbial acid-stable α-amylases: Characteristics, genetic engineering and applications. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Characterization of recombinant amylopullulanase (gt-apu) and truncated amylopullulanase (gt-apuT) of the extreme thermophile Geobacillus thermoleovorans NP33 and their action in starch saccharification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:6279-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sharma A, Satyanarayana T. Cloning and expression of acidstable, high maltose-forming, Ca2+-independent α-amylase from an acidophile Bacillus acidicola and its applicability in starch hydrolysis. Extremophiles 2012; 16:515-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Moosavi-Movahedi A, Rajabzadeh H, Amani M, Nourouzian D, Zare K, Hadi H, Sharifzadeh A, Poursasan N, Ahmad F, Sheibani N. Acidic residue modifications restore chaperone activity of β-casein interacting with lysozyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:616-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Faridnouri H, Ghourchian H, Hashemnia S. Direct electron transfer enhancement of covalently bound tyrosinase to glassy carbon via Woodward's reagent K. Bioelectrochemistry 2011; 82:1-9. [PMID: 21715233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the reaction mechanism for chemical modification of tyrosinase by Woodward's Reagent K and its covalent attachment to a glassy carbon electrode. The spectrophotometric studies revealed that the modification does not cause a significant structural change to tyrosinase. The direct electrochemistry of modified enzyme was achieved after immobilization on an oxidatively activated glassy carbon electrode. The enzyme film exhibited a pair of well-defined quasi-revesible voltammetric peaks corresponding to the Cu (II)/Cu (I) redox couple located in the active site of tyrosinase. The formal potential of immobilized enzyme was measured to be 90mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0. The charge-transfer coefficient and apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant were estimated to be 0.5 and 0.9±0.06s(-1), respectively. Finally, the electrochemical behavior of the immobilized enzyme in the presence of caffeic acid and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine as substrates was investigated. The amperometric study of biosensor toward L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine resulted a linear response in the concentration range from 1.66×10(-6) to 8.5×10(-5)M with detection limit of 9.0×10(-5)M and sensitivity of 135mAμM(-1)cm(-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Faridnouri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Iran.
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Hashemnia S, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Ghourchian H, Ahmad F, Hakimelahi GH, Saboury AA. Diminishing of aggregation for bovine liver catalase through acidic residues modification. Int J Biol Macromol 2006; 40:47-53. [PMID: 16828155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 05/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The tendency of proteins to aggregate is an important problem in biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industry. Because proteins in the aggregated state generally do not have the same biological activity as proteins in the native state. In order to prevent aggregation, it is essential to know the effective parameters in anti-aggregation mechanism. Using a chemical protein modification approach, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopies and circular dichroism spectropolarimetry, this study investigates the parameters involved in anti-aggregation mechanism of bovine liver catalase. Our findings clearly indicate that the modified bovine liver catalase provides better protection than the native enzyme against thermal aggregation. It seems that a decrease in hydrophobicity resulting in chemical modification plays an important role in preventing aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hashemnia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Paoli P, Pazzagli L, Giannoni E, Caselli A, Manao G, Camici G, Ramponi G. A nucleophilic catalysis step is involved in the hydrolysis of aryl phosphate monoesters by human CT acylphosphatase. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:194-9. [PMID: 12409302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206918200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylphosphatase, one of the smallest enzymes, is expressed in all organisms. It displays hydrolytic activity on acyl phosphates, nucleoside di- and triphosphates, aryl phosphate monoesters, and polynucleotides, with acyl phosphates being the most specific substrates in vitro. The mechanism of catalysis for human acylphosphatase (the organ-common type isoenzyme) was investigated using both aryl phosphate monoesters and acyl phosphates as substrates. The enzyme is able to catalyze phosphotransfer from p-nitrophenyl phosphate to glycerol (but not from benzoyl phosphate to glycerol), as well as the inorganic phosphate-H(2)18O oxygen exchange reaction in the absence of carboxylic acids or phenols. In short, our findings point to two different catalytic pathways for aryl phosphate monoesters and acyl phosphates. In particular, in the aryl phosphate monoester hydrolysis pathway, an enzyme-phosphate covalent intermediate is formed, whereas the hydrolysis of acyl phosphates seems a more simple process in which the Michaelis complex is attacked directly by a water molecule generating the reaction products. The formation of an enzyme-phosphate covalent complex is consistent with the experiments of isotope exchange and transphosphorylation from substrates to glycerol, as well as with the measurements of the Brønsted free energy relationships using a panel of aryl phosphates with different structures. His-25 involvement in the formation of the enzyme-phosphate covalent complex during the hydrolysis of aryl phosphate monoesters finds significant confirmation in experiments performed with the H25Q mutated enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Paoli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Pazzagli L, Manao G, Cappugi G, Caselli A, Camici G, Moneti G, Ramponi G. The amino acid sequences of two acylphosphatase isoforms from fish muscle (Lamna nasus). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1387:264-74. [PMID: 9748622 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(98)00134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two acylphosphatase isoenzymes have been purified from Lamna nasus muscle, and their complete amino acid sequences have been determined. The former (E1) consists of 99 amino acid residues, while the latter (E2) consists of 102 residues. Both are acetylated at their N termini. E1 has the FFRK active site motif characteristic of all common-type acylphosphatase isoenzymes, whereas E2 contains the CFRM active site motif characteristic of all muscle-type acylphosphatase isoenzymes. They have quite similar kinetic properties. The comparison of sequences of fish E1 and E2 isoenzymes with other known mammalian and bird acylphosphatases reveals that the E2 isoenzyme has an N terminus tail, four residues long, similar to those previously found in all known bird species muscle-type isoenzymes. Among organ-common-type acylphosphatases about 50% of residues are completely conserved, whereas about 60% of muscle-type acylphosphatase residues are completely conserved, indicating that the latter type of isoenzyme has a slower evolutionary rate than the former. The sequences of E1 and E2 acylphosphatases from L. nasus represent the first primary structures of this kind of enzyme determined among fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pazzagli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, I-50134 Florence, Italy
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