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Kapetanou M, Athanasopoulou S, Goutas A, Makatsori D, Trachana V, Gonos E. α-Terpineol Induces Shelterin Components TRF1 and TRF2 to Mitigate Senescence and Telomere Integrity Loss via A Telomerase-Independent Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1258. [PMID: 39456511 PMCID: PMC11504354 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a hallmark of aging characterized by irreversible growth arrest and functional decline. Progressive telomeric DNA shortening in dividing somatic cells, programmed during development, leads to critically short telomeres that trigger replicative senescence and thereby contribute to aging. Therefore, protecting telomeres from DNA damage is essential in order to avoid entry into senescence and organismal aging. In several organisms, including mammals, telomeres are protected by a protein complex named shelterin that prevents DNA damage at the chromosome ends through the specific function of its subunits. Here, we reveal that the nuclear protein levels of shelterin components TRF1 and TRF2 decline in fibroblasts reaching senescence. Notably, we identify α-terpineol as an activator that effectively enhances TRF1 and TRF2 levels in a telomerase-independent manner, counteracting the senescence-associated decline in these crucial proteins. Moreover, α-terpineol ameliorates the cells' response to oxidative DNA damage, particularly at the telomeric regions, thus preserving telomere length and delaying senescence. More importantly, our findings reveal the significance of the PI3K/AKT pathway in the regulation of shelterin components responsible for preserving telomere integrity. In conclusion, this study deepens our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in senescence-associated telomere dysfunction and highlights the potential of shelterin components to serve as targets of therapeutic interventions, aimed at promoting healthy aging and combating age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Kapetanou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (S.A.)
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Sophia Athanasopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (S.A.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Andreas Goutas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | | | - Varvara Trachana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Efstathios Gonos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (S.A.)
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
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Multifunctionality of the Telomere-Capping Shelterin Complex Explained by Variations in Its Protein Composition. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071753. [PMID: 34359923 PMCID: PMC8305809 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protecting telomere from the DNA damage response is essential to avoid the entry into cellular senescence and organismal aging. The progressive telomere DNA shortening in dividing somatic cells, programmed during development, leads to critically short telomeres that trigger replicative senescence and thereby contribute to aging. In several organisms, including mammals, telomeres are protected by a protein complex named Shelterin that counteract at various levels the DNA damage response at chromosome ends through the specific function of each of its subunits. The changes in Shelterin structure and function during development and aging is thus an intense area of research. Here, we review our knowledge on the existence of several Shelterin subcomplexes and the functional independence between them. This leads us to discuss the possibility that the multifunctionality of the Shelterin complex is determined by the formation of different subcomplexes whose composition may change during aging.
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Zhang L, Huang X, Zhu X, Ge S, Gilson E, Jia R, Ye J, Fan X. Differential senescence capacities in meibomian gland carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1442-52. [PMID: 26437300 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Meibomian gland carcinoma (MGC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are common eyelid carcinomas that exhibit highly dissimilar degrees of proliferation and prognoses. We address here the question of the differential mechanisms between these two eyelid cancers that explain their different outcome. A total of 102 confirmed MGC and 175 diagnosed BCC cases were analyzed. Twenty confirmed MGC and twenty diagnosed BCC cases were collected to determine the telomere length, the presence of senescent cells, and the expression levels of the telomere capping shelterin complex, P53, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1. Decreased protein levels of the shelterin subunits, shortened telomere length, over-expressed Ki-67, and Bcl2 as well as mutations in P53 were detected both in MGC and BCC. It suggests that the decreased protein levels of the shelterin complex and the shortened telomere length contribute to the tumorigenesis of MGC and BCC. However, several parameters distinguish MGC from BCC samples: (i) the mRNA level of the shelterin subunits decreased in MGC but it increased in BCC; (ii) P53 was more highly mutated in MGC; (iii) Siah1 mRNA was over-expressed in BCC; (iv) BCC samples contain a higher level of senescent cells; (v) Ki-67 and Bcl2 expression were lower in BCC. These results support a model where a preserved P53 checkpoint in BCC leads to cellular senescence and reduced tumor proliferation as compared to MGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Emergency, International laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), 'Pôle sino-français de recherche en sciences du vivant et génomique', Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric Gilson
- Department of Emergency, International laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), 'Pôle sino-français de recherche en sciences du vivant et génomique', Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice University, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France.,Medical Genetic Unit, CHU Nice, France
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Emergency, International laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), 'Pôle sino-français de recherche en sciences du vivant et génomique', Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Deng Z, Kim ET, Vladimirova O, Dheekollu J, Wang Z, Newhart A, Liu D, Myers JL, Hensley SE, Moffat J, Janicki SM, Fraser NW, Knipe DM, Weitzman MD, Lieberman PM. HSV-1 remodels host telomeres to facilitate viral replication. Cell Rep 2014; 9:2263-78. [PMID: 25497088 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres protect the ends of cellular chromosomes. We show here that infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) results in chromosomal structural aberrations at telomeres and the accumulation of telomere dysfunction-induced DNA damage foci (TIFs). At the molecular level, HSV-1 induces transcription of telomere repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), followed by the proteolytic degradation of the telomere protein TPP1 and loss of the telomere repeat DNA signal. The HSV-1-encoded E3 ubiquitin ligase ICP0 is required for TERRA transcription and facilitates TPP1 degradation. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) depletion of TPP1 increases viral replication, indicating that TPP1 inhibits viral replication. Viral replication protein ICP8 forms foci that coincide with telomeric proteins, and ICP8-null virus failed to degrade telomere DNA signal. These findings suggest that HSV-1 reorganizes telomeres to form ICP8-associated prereplication foci and to promote viral genomic replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Deng
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eui Tae Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Zhuo Wang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Dongmei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Moffat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | - Nigel W Fraser
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David M Knipe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew D Weitzman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Acacetin and chrysin, two polyphenolic compounds, alleviate telomeric position effect in human cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2013; 2:e116. [PMID: 23962900 PMCID: PMC3759739 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2013.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We took advantage of the ability of human telomeres to silence neighboring genes (telomere position effect or TPE) to design a high-throughput screening assay for drugs altering telomeres. We identified, for the first time, that two dietary flavones, acacetin and chrysin, are able to specifically alleviate TPE in human cells. We further investigated their influence on telomere integrity and showed that both drugs drastically deprotect telomeres against DNA damage response. However, telomere deprotection triggered by shelterin dysfunction does not affect TPE, indicating that acacetin and chrysin target several functions of telomeres. These results show that TPE-based screening assays represent valuable methods to discover new compounds targeting telomeres.
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Lu Y, Wei B, Zhang T, Chen Z, Ye J. How will telomeric complex be further contributed to our longevity? - the potential novel biomarkers of telomere complex counteracting both aging and cancer. Protein Cell 2013; 4:573-81. [PMID: 23864530 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With the smooth move towards the coming expected clinical reports of anticancer pharmaceutical molecules targeting telomeres and telomerase, and also with the exciting success in the extension of lifespan by regulating telomerase activity without increased onset of oncogenesis in laboratory mouse models (Garcia-Cao et al., 2006; Jaskelioff et al., 2011), we are convinced that targeting telomeres based on telomerase will be a potential approach to conquer both aging and cancer and the idea of longevity seems to be no more mysterious. More interestingly, emerging evidences from clinical research reveal that other telomeric factors, like specific telomeric binding proteins and nonspecific telomere associated proteins also show crucial importance in aging and oncogenesis. This stems from their roles in the stability of telomere structure and in the inhibition of DNA damage response at telomeres. Uncapping these proteins from chromosome ends leads to dramatic telomere loss and telomere dysfunction which is more abrupt than those induced by telomerase inactivation. Abnormal expression of these factors results in developmental failure, aging and even oncogenesis evidenced by several experimental models and clinical cases, indicating telomere specific proteins and its associated proteins have complimentary roles to telomerase in telomere protection and controlling cellular fate. Thus, these telomeric factors might be potential clinical biomarkers for early detection or even therapeutic targets of aging and cancer. Future studies to elucidate how these proteins function in telomere protection might benefit patients suffering aging or cancer who are not sensitive to telomerase mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Lu
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Telomere protection and TRF2 expression are enhanced by the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. EMBO Rep 2013; 14:356-63. [PMID: 23429341 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2013.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA-binding protein TRF2 is essential for telomere protection and chromosome stability in mammals. We show here that TRF2 expression is activated by the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in human cancer and normal cells as well as in mouse intestinal tissues. Furthermore, β-catenin binds to TRF2 gene regulatory regions that are functional in a luciferase transactivating assay. Reduced β-catenin expression in cancer cells triggers a marked increase in telomere dysfunction, which can be reversed by TRF2 overexpression. We conclude that the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway maintains a level of TRF2 critical for telomere protection. This is expected to have an important role during development, adult stem cell function and oncogenesis.
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Deng Z, Wang Z, Lieberman PM. Telomeres and viruses: common themes of genome maintenance. Front Oncol 2012; 2:201. [PMID: 23293769 PMCID: PMC3533235 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome maintenance mechanisms actively suppress genetic instability associated with cancer and aging. Some viruses provoke genetic instability by subverting the host's control of genome maintenance. Viruses have their own specialized strategies for genome maintenance, which can mimic and modify host cell processes. Here, we review some of the common features of genome maintenance utilized by viruses and host chromosomes, with a particular focus on terminal repeat (TR) elements. The TRs of cellular chromosomes, better known as telomeres, have well-established roles in cellular chromosome stability. Cellular telomeres are themselves maintained by viral-like mechanisms, including self-propagation by reverse transcription, recombination, and retrotransposition. Viral TR elements, like cellular telomeres, are essential for viral genome stability and propagation. We review the structure and function of viral repeat elements and discuss how they may share telomere-like structures and genome protection functions. We consider how viral infections modulate telomere regulatory factors for viral repurposing and can alter normal host telomere structure and chromosome stability. Understanding the common strategies of viral and cellular genome maintenance may provide new insights into viral-host interactions and the mechanisms driving genetic instability in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Deng
- The Wistar Institute Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Deng Z, Wang Z, Stong N, Plasschaert R, Moczan A, Chen HS, Hu S, Wikramasinghe P, Davuluri RV, Bartolomei MS, Riethman H, Lieberman PM. A role for CTCF and cohesin in subtelomere chromatin organization, TERRA transcription, and telomere end protection. EMBO J 2012; 31:4165-78. [PMID: 23010778 PMCID: PMC3492729 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of human subtelomeric DNA and chromatin organization to telomere integrity and chromosome end protection is not yet understood in molecular detail. Here, we show by ChIP-Seq that most human subtelomeres contain a CTCF- and cohesin-binding site within ∼1-2 kb of the TTAGGG repeat tract and adjacent to a CpG-islands implicated in TERRA transcription control. ChIP-Seq also revealed that RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) was enriched at sites adjacent to the CTCF sites and extending towards the telomere repeat tracts. Mutation of CTCF-binding sites in plasmid-borne promoters reduced transcriptional activity in an orientation-dependent manner. Depletion of CTCF by shRNA led to a decrease in TERRA transcription, and a loss of cohesin and RNAPII binding to the subtelomeres. Depletion of either CTCF or cohesin subunit Rad21 caused telomere-induced DNA damage foci (TIF) formation, and destabilized TRF1 and TRF2 binding to the TTAGGG proximal subtelomere DNA. These findings indicate that CTCF and cohesin are integral components of most human subtelomeres, and important for the regulation of TERRA transcription and telomere end protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Deng
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhuo Wang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nick Stong
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert Plasschaert
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Sufeng Hu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Cell and Developmental Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Deng Z, Wang Z, Xiang C, Molczan A, Baubet V, Conejo-Garcia J, Xu X, Lieberman PM, Dahmane N. Formation of telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) foci in highly proliferating mouse cerebellar neuronal progenitors and medulloblastoma. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:4383-94. [PMID: 22641694 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres play crucial roles in the maintenance of genome integrity and control of cellular senescence. Most eukaryotic telomeres can be transcribed to generate a telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) that persists as a heterogeneous nuclear RNA and can be developmentally regulated. However, the precise function and regulation of TERRA in normal and cancer cell development remains poorly understood. Here, we show that TERRA accumulates in highly proliferating normal and cancer cells, and forms large nuclear foci, which are distinct from previously characterized markers of DNA damage or replication stress. Using a mouse model for medulloblastoma driven by chronic Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling, TERRA RNA was detected in tumor, but not adjacent normal cells using both RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and northern blotting. RNA FISH revealed the formation of TERRA foci (TERFs) in the nuclear regions of rapidly proliferating tumor cells. In the normal developing cerebellum, TERRA aggregates could also be detected in highly proliferating zones of progenitor neurons. SHH could enhance TERRA expression in purified granule progenitor cells in vitro, suggesting that proliferation signals contribute to TERRA expression in responsive tissue. TERRA foci did not colocalize with γH2AX foci, promyelocytic leukemia (PML) or Cajal bodies in mouse tumor tissue. We also provide evidence that TERRA is elevated in a variety of human cancers. These findings suggest that elevated TERRA levels reflect a novel early form of telomere regulation during replication stress and cancer cell evolution, and the TERRA RNA aggregates may form a novel nuclear body in highly proliferating mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Deng
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Sage E, Girard PM, Francesconi S. Unravelling UVA-induced mutagenesis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:74-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05219e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Hoffmann E. Chromosome recombination. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:865. [PMID: 22037628 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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