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Zhang L, Fujiki RB, Brookes S, Calcagno H, Awonusi O, Kluender K, Berry K, Venkatraman A, Maulden A, Sivasankar MP, Voytik-Harbin S, Halum S. Eliciting and Characterizing Porcine Vocalizations: When Pigs Fly. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00062-5. [PMID: 35504794 PMCID: PMC9617810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES While voice-related therapeutic interventions are often researched preclinically in the porcine model, there are no well-established methods to induce porcine glottic phonation. Described approaches, such as training animals to phonate for positive reinforcement are time-consuming and plagued by inherent variability in the type of phonation produced and contamination of background noise. Thus, a reliable method of assessing glottic phonation in the porcine model is needed. METHODS In this study, we have created a novel pulley-based apparatus with harness for "pig-lifting" with surrounding acoustic insulation and high-directional microphone with digital recorder for recording phonation. Praat and Matlab were used to analyze all porcine vocalizations for fundamental frequency (F0), intensity, duration of phonation and cepstral peak prominence (CPP). Glottic phonation was detected using F0 (≥2000 hz), duration (≥3 seconds) and researcher perceptual judgment. Partial-glottic phonations were also analyzed. Reliability between researcher judgment and acoustic measures for glottic phonation detection was high. RESULTS Acoustic analysis demonstrated that glottic and partial-glottic phonation was consistently elicited, with no formal training of the minipigs required. Glottic vocalizations increased with multiple lifts. Glottic phonation continued to be elicited after multiple days but became less frequent. Glottic and partial-glottic phonations had similar CPP values over the 6 experimental days. CONCLUSION Our cost-effective, reliable method of inducing and recording glottic phonation in the porcine model may provide a cost effective, preclinical tool in voice research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robert Brinton Fujiki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sarah Brookes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Haley Calcagno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Oluwaseyi Awonusi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Keith Kluender
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Kevin Berry
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Anumitha Venkatraman
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Amanda Maulden
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - M Preeti Sivasankar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sherry Voytik-Harbin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Stacey Halum
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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2
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Yang HY, Fierro F, Yoon DJ, Gallegos A, Osborn SL, Nguyen AV, Peavy TR, Ferrier W, Talken L, Ma BW, Galang KG, Medina Lopez A, Fregoso DR, Stewart H, Kurzrock EA, Soulika AM, Nolta JA, Isseroff RR. Combination product of dermal matrix, preconditioned human mesenchymal stem cells and timolol promotes wound healing in the porcine wound model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1615-1623. [PMID: 35099112 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A combination product of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) embedded in an extracellular matrix scaffold and preconditioned with hypoxia and the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, timolol, combined with sustained timolol application post implantation, has shown promising results for improving wound healing in a diabetic mouse model. In the present study, we extend those findings to the more translatable large animal porcine wound model and show that the combined treatment promotes wound reepithelialization in these excisional wounds by 40.2% and increases the CD31 immunostaining marker of angiogenesis compared with the matrix control, while maintaining an accumulated timolol plasma concentration below the clinically safe level of 0.3 ng/mL after the 15-day course of topical application. Human GAPDH was not elevated in the day 15 wounds treated with MSC-containing device relative to wounds treated with matrix alone, indicating that the xenografted human MSCs in the treatment do not persist in these immune-competent animals after 15 days. The work demonstrates the efficacy and safety of the combined treatment for improving healing in the clinically relevant porcine wound model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Fernando Fierro
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA.,Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Daniel J Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Anthony Gallegos
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Stephanie L Osborn
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Alan V Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Thomas R Peavy
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - William Ferrier
- Large Animal Survival Surgery Facility, Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Linda Talken
- Large Animal Survival Surgery Facility, Stem Cell Program, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Betty W Ma
- Campus Veterinary Services Clinic, Office of Research, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kristopher G Galang
- Campus Veterinary Services Clinic, Office of Research, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Residency Program in Laboratory Animal/Primate Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Andrea Medina Lopez
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Daniel R Fregoso
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Heather Stewart
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Eric A Kurzrock
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Urologic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Athena M Soulika
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA.,Dermatology Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
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Yang HY, Galang KG, Gallegos A, Ma BW, Isseroff RR. Sling Training with Positive Reinforcement to Facilitate Porcine Wound Studies. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 1:100016. [PMID: 35024682 PMCID: PMC8669512 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic swine have become important large animal models for dermatologic and wound studies owing to the similarity of their skin architecture to that of human skin. To improve on current porcine wound protocols and accomplish postoperational daily wound care or treatment in a welfare-centered, low-stress setting, we developed a unique sling-training program using a commercially available Panepinto-like sling in combination with positive reinforcement of desired behaviors. Training using these methods is initiated during the acclimation period of 7-10 days before the initial surgical manipulation and continued throughout project-specific treatments for the duration of the study. Using this protocol, daily treatments can be administered without additional anesthesia while the animals rest in the sling with the administration of simultaneous nutritional enrichment. This low-stress handling program successfully facilitates the postoperational treatments and wound care without the use of potentially confounding anesthesia or sedation. It has a wide range of potential applications in translational medicine and in data acquisition from a resting state where baseline readouts of unstressed animals can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kristopher G Galang
- Campus Veterinary Services Clinic, UC Davis Office of Research, Davis, California, USA.,Residency Program in Laboratory Animal/Primate Medicine, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony Gallegos
- Department of Dermatology, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA.,Dermatology Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Betty W Ma
- Campus Veterinary Services Clinic, UC Davis Office of Research, Davis, California, USA
| | - Roslyn Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, California, USA.,Dermatology Section, VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
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Jønholt L, Bundgaard CJ, Carlsen M, Sørensen DB. A Case Study on the Behavioural Effect of Positive Reinforcement Training in a Novel Task Participation Test in Göttingen Mini Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061610. [PMID: 34072458 PMCID: PMC8229723 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In laboratory animal research, many procedures will be stressful for the animals, as they are forced to participate. Training animals to cooperate using clicker training (CT) or luring (LU) may reduce stress levels, and thereby increase animal welfare. In zoo animals, aquarium animals, and pets, CT is used to train animals to cooperate during medical procedures, whereas in experimental research, LU seem to be the preferred training method. This descriptive case study aims to present the behaviour of CT and LU pigs in a potentially fear-evoking behavioural test-the novel task participation test-in which the pigs walked a short runway on a novel walking surface. All eight pigs voluntarily participated, and only one LU pig showed body stretching combined with lack of tail wagging indicating reduced welfare. All CT pigs and one LU pig displayed tail wagging during the test, indicating a positive mental state. Hence, training pigs to cooperate during experimental procedures resulted in a smooth completion of the task with no signs of fear or anxiety in seven out of eight animals. We suggest that training laboratory pigs prior to experimental procedures or tests should be done to ensure low stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Jønholt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | | | - Martin Carlsen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, 2760 Maalov, Denmark; (C.J.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Dorte Bratbo Sørensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Gronnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
- Correspondence:
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Liu X, Mustonen A, Zheng W, Sivasankar MP, Durkes AC. Cigarette Smoke Exposure to Pig Larynx in an Inhalation Chamber. J Voice 2019; 33:846-850. [PMID: 29983221 PMCID: PMC6320720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on the pig larynx using an inhalation chamber. Specifically, we compared the effects of cigarette smoke exposure from either 3 cigarettes per day (3cd) or 15 cigarettes per day (15cd) for 20 days. STUDY DESIGN In vivo prospective design. METHODS Female pigs were exposed via an inhalation chamber to cigarette smoke (3R4F research cigarettes) from 3cd (n = 6) or 15cd (n = 6) for 20 days. Outcomes included histopathology of vocal fold and airway tissues; gene expression of interleukins, TNF-α, and VEGF; protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6; and number of coughs recorded in the chamber. RESULTS Pigs exposed to cigarette smoke from 15cd exhibited mild vocal fold edema as compared to the 3cd group on histopathological evaluation. There was also minimal inflammation of nasal and tracheal tissue characterized by presence of more granulocytes in the 15cd group compared to the 3cd group. Cough frequency was significantly greater for the 15cd group compared to the 3cd group. CONCLUSIONS A custom-designed large animal inhalation chamber successfully challenged pigs repeatedly, to varying levels of cigarette smoke. Future studies will combine such low levels of smoke exposure with other common challenges such as acid reflux to understand the multifactorial causation of laryngeal pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Allison Mustonen
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Wei Zheng
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - M Preeti Sivasankar
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Abigail C Durkes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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