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Fugazza A, Andreozzi M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Insausti A, Spadaccini M, Colombo M, Carrara S, Terrin M, De Marco A, Franchellucci G, Khalaf K, Ketabi Moghadam P, Ferrari C, Anderloni A, Capretti G, Nappo G, Zerbi A, Repici A. Management of Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Comprehensive Review on the Old, the Classic and the Innovative Approaches. Medicina (Kaunas) 2024; 60:638. [PMID: 38674284 PMCID: PMC11052138 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Gastrojejunostomy is the principal method of palliation for unresectable malignant gastric outlet obstructions (GOO). Gastrojejunostomy was traditionally performed as a surgical procedure with an open approach butrecently, notable progress in the development of minimally invasive procedures such as laparoscopic gastrojejunostomies have emerged. Additionally, advancements in endoscopic techniques, including endoscopic stenting (ES) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE), are becoming more prominent. ES involves the placement of self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) to restore luminal patency. ES is commonly the first choice for patients deemed unfit for surgery or at high surgical risk. However, although ES leads to rapid improvement of symptoms, it carries limitations like higher stent dysfunction rates and the need for frequent re-interventions. Recently, EUS-GE has emerged as a potential alternative, combining the minimally invasive nature of the endoscopic approach with the long-lasting effects of a gastrojejunostomy. Having reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of these different techniques, this article aims to provide a comprehensive review regarding the management of unresectable malignant GOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fugazza
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (A.D.M.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Marta Andreozzi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (A.D.M.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19875-17411, Iran;
| | - Agustin Insausti
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Medical Association Hospital, IGEA Institute, Patricios 347, Bahia Blanca B8000, Argentina;
| | - Marco Spadaccini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (A.D.M.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Matteo Colombo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (A.D.M.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Silvia Carrara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (A.D.M.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
| | - Maria Terrin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (A.D.M.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Alessandro De Marco
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (A.D.M.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Franchellucci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (A.D.M.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (A.Z.)
| | - Kareem Khalaf
- Division of Gastroenterology, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada;
| | - Pardis Ketabi Moghadam
- Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran P.O. Box 19875-17411, Iran;
| | - Chiara Ferrari
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea Anderloni
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Capretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (A.Z.)
- Pancreatic Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Gennaro Nappo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (A.Z.)
- Pancreatic Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (A.Z.)
- Pancreatic Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (M.A.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (M.T.); (A.D.M.); (G.F.); (A.R.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (G.N.); (A.Z.)
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Ullmann O, Ranti D, Georgiadou E, Hillemacher T, Schmidt A, von Hahn T. Provider-reported use of butylscopolamine in gastrointestinal endoscopy in Germany. Endosc Int Open 2024; 12:E36-E42. [PMID: 38188926 PMCID: PMC10769577 DOI: 10.1055/a-2189-0373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The anti-cholinergic agent hyoscine-N-butylbromide (HBB) is used in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy to decrease motility and facilitate endoscopic procedures. Data from clinical studies to support this practice is limited especially for therapeutic procedures. Likewise, patterns of use among endoscopist are largely unclear. This study sought to assess usage of HBB among German-speaking endoscopists. Material and Methods We conducted an anonymous online survey among endoscopists in German-speaking countries. Results A total of 207 physicians participated in the survey. The majority (76.9%) were experienced endoscopists and 92.3% of respondents use HBB at least occasionally during procedures. The reported median stated frequency of HBB use varied greatly between different types of procedures and increased with the complexity of the procedure being performed. HBB was rarely used in diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD) (median stated frequency 1% of procedures), while use frequency was significantly higher in EGD with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (10%; p=0.002) and EGD with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) (20%; p<0.001). Similarly, use frequency during diagnostic colonoscopy was lower (5%) compared to colonoscopy with EMR (20%, p=0.005) or ESD (42.5%, p<0.001). The highest use frequency was reported for ERCP (50%). The most frequently stated reason to use HBB was facilitation of the procedure (80.6%) followed by increasing diagnostic yield (58.3%). Conclusion German-speaking endoscopists commonly use HBB, most frequently to facilitate complex therapeutic procedures. Given there is almost no data supporting HBB use in therapeutic endoscopy, we suggest that more research is needed to evaluate benefits and risks of this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Ullmann
- Gastroenterology, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Ranti
- Institute of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Ekaterini Georgiadou
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Private Medical University - Nuremberg Campus, Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hillemacher
- Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Private Medical University - Nuremberg Campus, Nurnberg, Germany
| | - Arthur Schmidt
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thomas von Hahn
- Gastroenterology, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Hamburg, Germany
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Magahis PT, Salgado S, Westerveld D, Dawod E, Carr-Locke DL, Sampath K, Sharaiha RZ, Mahadev S. Preferred techniques for endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy: a survey of expert endosonographers. Endosc Int Open 2023; 11:E1035-E1045. [PMID: 37954107 PMCID: PMC10635781 DOI: 10.1055/a-2185-6426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) is an emerging procedure that lacks technical standardization with limited adoption beyond expert centers. We surveyed high-volume endosonographers about the technical aspects of EUS-GE to describe how the procedure is currently performed at expert centers and identify targets for standardization. Methods Invitations to complete an electronic survey were distributed to 21 expert EUS practitioners at 19 U.S. centers. Respondents were surveyed about technical aspects of EUS-GE, indications, efficacy, safety, and attitudes toward the procedure. Results All 21 (100%) invited expert endoscopists completed the survey. Nine (42.9%) reported performing >10 EUS-GEs in the last 12 months. About half (47.6%, 10/21) puncture the target loop prior to lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) introduction, most often to confirm the loop is jejunum. No respondents reported guidewire placement prior to LAMS introduction. Most (71.4%, 15/21) do not use a guidewire at any time, while 28.6% (6/21) reported wire placement after distal flange deployment to secure the tract during apposition. Eight (38.1%, 8/21) reported at least one major adverse event, most commonly intraperitoneal LAMS deployment (87.5%, 7/8). Factors most often reported as advantageous for EUS-GE over enteral stenting included lack of papilla interference (33.3%, 7/21) and decreased occlusion risk (23.8%, 5/21). Conclusions Significant variation in performance technique for EUS-GE exists among expert US endoscopists, which may hinder widespread adoption and contribute to inconsistencies in reported patient outcomes. The granularity provided by these survey results may identify areas to focus standardization efforts and guide future studies on developing an ideal EUS-GE protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjay Salgado
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Donevan Westerveld
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Enad Dawod
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - David L. Carr-Locke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Kartik Sampath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Reem Z. Sharaiha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, United States
| | - Srihari Mahadev
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, United States
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Iwagami H, Seta T, Nakano S, Wakita M, Konishi T, Matsumoto H, Nakatani Y, Akamatsu T, Urai S, Uenoyama Y, Yamashita Y, Nakayama T. Association between antispasmodics and detection of lesions by screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy. JGH Open 2022; 6:792-798. [PMID: 36406644 PMCID: PMC9667398 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Whether administration of antispasmodics as a component of premedication contributes to detection of lesions by screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS) remains unclear. Our primary aim was to investigate this possibility. Methods The cohort in this retrospective study comprised consecutive asymptomatic individuals who had undergone screening EGDS as part of a health check‐up at the Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center from October 2015 to September 2020. The investigated lesions comprised esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, gastric adenoma or adenocarcinoma, and duodenal adenoma or adenocarcinoma. Results Targeted lesions were detected in 72 of 31 484 participants (0.23%), 18 260 and 13 224 of whom had received and not received pre‐procedure antispasmodics, respectively. The rates of detection of lesions in these groups were 0.21% (38/18260) and 0.26% (34/13224), respectively (P = 0.40). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no association between administration of antispasmodics and rates of detection of targeted lesions [P = 0.24, Odds ratio (95% CI): 1.46 (0.78–2.75)]. Conclusions Antispasmodics, which were administered to more than half of the study cohort, did not improve the rate of detection of targeted lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
- Department of Health Informatics Graduate School of Medicine & School of Public Health, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Takeshi Seta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
- Department of Health Informatics Graduate School of Medicine & School of Public Health, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Shogo Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
| | - Midori Wakita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
| | - Takafumi Konishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
| | - Hisakazu Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
| | - Yasuki Nakatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
| | - Takuji Akamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
| | - Shunji Urai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
| | - Yoshito Uenoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
| | - Yukitaka Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Japanese Red Cross Wakayama Medical Center Wakayama Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics Graduate School of Medicine & School of Public Health, Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a common procedure used to examine upper gastrointestinal diseases. Although cimetropium bromide and other antispasmodic agents are commonly administered as premedication to inhibit peristalsis during EGD examination, there are few data regarding the benefits of cimetropium bromide for the detection of gastric neoplasms. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the use of cimetropium bromide as premedication and gastric neoplasm detection rates during EGD examination. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study included 67 683 participants who received EGD screening at the Health Promotion Center of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, from January 2, 2010, to June 30, 2017. Data were analyzed from April 1 to December 30, 2021. EXPOSURES Participants were divided into 2 groups: those who received cimetropium bromide before EGD examination (intervention group) and those who did not (control group). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Gastric neoplasm detection rates. RESULTS Among 67 683 participants, the mean (SD) age was 48.6 (10.8) years, and 36 517 participants (54.0%) were male; all participants were Asian (a racially homogenous population). Of those, 28 280 participants (41.8%; mean [SD] age, 50.3 [10.6] years; 57.8% male) received cimetropium bromide, and 39 403 participants (58.2%; mean [SD] age, 47.4 [10.8] years; 51.2% male) did not. Propensity score matching based on confounding variables yielded 41 670 matched participants (20 835 pairs). Detected lesions included 52 dysplasias (0.12%), 40 early cancers (0.10%), 7 advanced cancers (0.02%), and 3 lymphomas (0.01%). Gastric neoplasm detection rates were significantly higher in the intervention group (63 participants [0.30%]) vs the control group (39 participants [0.19%]; P = .02). A significant difference in the combined detection rate of dysplasia and early gastric cancer was found between those in the intervention group (57 participants [0.27%]) vs the control group (35 participants [0.17%]; P = .02). For small gastric lesions (<1 cm), those who received cimetropium bromide had higher detection rates (24 participants [0.12%]) than those who did not (11 participants [0.05%]; P = .03). Lesions in the gastric body were detected significantly more often in the intervention group (34 participants [0.16%]) vs the control group (15 participants [0.07%]; P = .007). In multivariate analyses involving all 67 683 participants, the use of cimetropium bromide was more likely to detect gastric neoplasms compared with nonuse (odds ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.04-1.95; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, the use of cimetropium bromide as premedication was significantly associated with increased gastric neoplasm detection rates during EGD screening, and lesions in the gastric body were detected more frequently among those who received cimetropium bromide compared with those who did not. These findings suggest that cimetropium bromide may be considered as premedication before EGD examination among individuals with no contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Myoungji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sun Cho
- Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Catholic Photomedicine Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Meng F, Li W, Zhi F, Li Z, Xue Z, He S, Chen W, Chen Y, Xing X, Yao C, Wu Y, Zhang S. Antiperistaltic effect and safety of l-menthol oral solution on gastric mucosa for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Chinese patients: Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dig Endosc 2021; 33:1110-1119. [PMID: 33527576 PMCID: PMC8596731 DOI: 10.1111/den.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The topical antispasmodic agent l-menthol is commonly used for gastric peristalsis suppression during diagnostic upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a single dose l-menthol solution in suppressing gastric peristalsis during upper GI endoscopy in Chinese patients. METHODS In this phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03263910), 220 patients scheduled to undergo upper GI endoscopy at five Chinese referral centers received a single dose of either 160 mg of l-menthol (n = 109) or placebo (n = 111). Both treatments were sprayed endoscopically on the gastric mucosa. An independent committee evaluated the degree of gastric peristalsis (peristaltic score: grade 1-5). RESULTS At baseline, the proportion of patients with grade 1 peristalsis (no peristalsis) did not differ between the groups. The proportion of patients with grade 1 peristalsis post-treatment was significantly higher in the l-menthol group (40.37%, 44/109) versus the placebo group (16.22%, 18/111; P < 0.001); the difference between the groups was 24.15% (95% confidence interval: 12.67%-35.63%; P < 0.001). In the l-menthol group, 61.47% of patients had grade 1 peristalsis after endoscopy versus 24.55% in the placebo group (P < 0.001). The ease of intragastric examination correlated significantly with the grade of peristalsis. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between the groups (P = 0.340). CONCLUSIONS During upper GI endoscopy, a single dose of l-menthol solution (160 mg) sprayed on the gastric mucosa significantly attenuated gastric peristalsis versus placebo, thereby improving the visual stability without any safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandong Meng
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Department of GastroenterologyNanfang Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of GastroenterologyChanghai Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhanxiong Xue
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Shuixiang He
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXianChina
| | - Weifeng Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yingxuan Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyRenji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiangbin Xing
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chen Yao
- Department of Medical StatisticsPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yongdong Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyBeijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Jung H, Kim HJ, Choi ES, Lee JY, Park KS, Cho KB, Lee YJ. Effectiveness of oral phloroglucinol as a premedication for unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255016. [PMID: 34347808 PMCID: PMC8336830 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-spasmodic agents are commonly injected during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) to improve visualization of the gastric mucosa by inhibiting gastrointestinal (GI) peristalsis. The availability of oral anti-spasmodic agents would increase convenience. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral phloroglucinol (Flospan®) as a premedication for unsedated EGD. Methods A prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Individuals scheduled to undergo unsedated EGD were randomly assigned to receive either oral phloroglucinol or matching placebo 15 min before EGD. The primary outcome was the rate of complete gastric peristalsis suppression. Outcomes were assessed by independent investigators according to the classification of gastric peristalsis and ease of intragastric observation at the beginning (Period A) and end (Period B) of EGD. Results Overall, 71 phloroglucinol-treated and 71 placebo-treated participants (n = 142 total) were included. The phloroglucinol group showed significantly higher proportions of participants with complete gastric peristalsis suppression than the placebo group (22.5% vs. 9.9%, P = 0.040). The ease of intragastric observation was significantly better in the phloroglucinol group than in the placebo group at Periods A (P < 0.001) and B (P = 0.005). Patients in both groups had comparable adverse events and showed willingness to take the premedication at their next examination. Conclusions Oral phloroglucinol significantly suppressed gastrointestinal peristalsis during unsedated EGD compared with placebo (Clinical trial registration number: NCT03342118).
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeIn Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sik Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Bum Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Stefanovic S, Draganov PV, Yang D. Endoscopic ultrasound guided gastrojejunostomy for gastric outlet obstruction. World J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 13:620-632. [PMID: 34354796 PMCID: PMC8316851 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v13.i7.620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) is a clinical syndrome secondary to luminal obstruction at the level of the stomach and/or duodenum. GOO can be caused by either benign or malignant etiologies, often resulting in early satiety, nausea, vomiting and poor oral intake. GOO is associated with decreased quality of life and has been shown to significantly impact survival in patients with advanced malignancies. Traditional treatment options for GOO can be broadly divided into surgical [surgical gastrojejunostomy (GJ)] and endoscopic interventions (dilation and/or placement of luminal self-expanding metal stents). While surgical GJ has been shown to provide a more lasting relief of symptoms when compared to luminal stenting, it has also been associated with a higher rate of adverse events. Furthermore, many patients with advanced metastatic disease are not good surgical candidates. More recently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided GJ has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional surgical and endoscopic approaches. This review focuses on the new advances and technical aspects of EUS-GJ and clinical outcomes in the management of both benign and malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stefanovic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Peter V Draganov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Dennis Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
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Abstract
In randomized controlled trials, L-menthol inhibits gastrointestinal peristalsis during endoscopy. Our goal was to quantitatively synthesize the available evidence to evaluate the efficacy and safety of L-menthol for gastrointestinal endoscopy.
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10
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Salmanroghani H, Mirvakili M, Mirjalili M, Baghbanian M, Salmanroghani R. The Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose versus Usual Dose of Hyoscine During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Pharmacol 2020; 12:123-130. [PMID: 32903953 PMCID: PMC7445520 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s263531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose versus usual dose of Hyoscine during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Patients and Methods This randomized, open-label clinical trial included 282 patients undergoing ERCP who had duodenal peristalsis interfering with cannulation. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group one and two received low (5 mg) and usual (10 mg) dose of Hyoscine, respectively. Cardiovascular service consultation was performed for all patients before entering the study and performing ERCP. Hyoscine was injected intravenously, and the spasmolytic effect of the drug was assessed while the papilla was in a completely enface view. The time interval between cessation of peristalsis and its further onset was recorded by the chronometer. Also, patient’s heart rate and blood pressure were monitored during ERCP by digital monitoring. Results The results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean duration of peristalsis, the duration of the antispasmodic activity and the time required to increase the heart rate between two groups (P=0.38, P=0.48, P=0.32, respectively). No significant differences were observed regarding the average of heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) before drug administration between the two groups (P=0.182 and P=0.29, respectively), but after the drug administration, tachycardia and hypotension were significantly higher in the second group (P=0.007 and P=0.001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of arrhythmia between two groups (P=0.08). The results also showed that tachycardia and hypotension occurred more frequently in men and elderly patients (P <0.05). Conclusion A low dose of Hyoscine is as effective as the usual dose and its side effects such as alteration in blood pressure and heart rate are much fewer, especially in men and elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Salmanroghani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Massoud Mirvakili
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmud Baghbanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Roham Salmanroghani
- Medical Student Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yao K, Uedo N, Kamada T, Hirasawa T, Nagahama T, Yoshinaga S, Oka M, Inoue K, Mabe K, Yao T, Yoshida M, Miyashiro I, Fujimoto K, Tajiri H. Guidelines for endoscopic diagnosis of early gastric cancer. Dig Endosc 2020; 32:663-698. [PMID: 32275342 DOI: 10.1111/den.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society developed the Guideline for Endoscopic Diagnosis of Early Gastric Cancer based on scientific methods. Endoscopy for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer has been acknowledged as a useful and highly precise examination, and its use has become increasingly more common in recent years. However, the level of evidence in this field is low, and it is often necessary to determine recommendations based on expert consensus only. This clinical practice guideline consists of the following sections to provide the current guideline: [I] Risk stratification of gastric cancer before endoscopic examination, [II] Detection of early gastric cancer, [III] Qualitative diagnosis of early gastric cancer, [IV] Diagnosis to choose the therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer, [V] Risk stratification after endoscopic examination, and [VI] Surveillance of early gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Yao
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriya Uedo
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoari Kamada
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Masashi Oka
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Inoue
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Mabe
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Isao Miyashiro
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hisao Tajiri
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Aziz M, Sharma S, Ghazaleh S, Fatima R, Acharya A, Ghanim M, Sheikh T, Lee-Smith W, Hamdani SU, Nawras A. The anti-spasmodic effect of peppermint oil during colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2020; 66. [DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.20.02652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Shah I, Baffy NJ, Horsley-Silva JL, Langlais BT, Ruff KC. Peppermint Oil to Improve Visualization in Screening Colonoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Gastroenterology Res 2019; 12:141-147. [PMID: 31236155 PMCID: PMC6575129 DOI: 10.14740/gr1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Screening colonoscopy has been associated with reduced mortality from colorectal cancer by means of early detection and timely treatment. However, visualization during colonoscopy is often impaired since the colon is naturally prone to peristalsis and spasm. There is evidence to suggest benefit of topical peppermint oil in causing smooth muscle relaxation, thereby decreasing peristalsis. The aim of our study was to determine if peppermint oil helps reduce colonic spasticity so as to allow for better visualization during screening colonoscopy. Methods We performed a randomized controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial where patients undergoing screening colonoscopy were assigned to receive either peppermint oil or placebo. Once cecum was reached, 50 mL of either solution was directly injected via the working channel of the colonoscope. Colonic peristalsis, spasticity and bowel visibility were documented. Bowel preparation quality, withdrawal time and adenoma detection rate (ADR) were also assessed. Continuous variables were analyzed using t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test while categorical variables were compared using the two-way Chi-square test. Results Forty-eight patients were included, of whom 24 patients received peppermint oil and 24 received placebo. Mean Boston bowel preparation score (BBPS) was excellent for both groups (8 points vs. 7.9 points; P = 0.98). Both mean total colonoscopy time (17.8 min vs. 21.9 min; P = 0.07) and mean cecal intubation time (7.2 min vs. 10.3 min; P = 0.04) were shorter with peppermint oil as compared to placebo. Complete absence of bowel spasticity was observed among 58.3% patients in the peppermint oil group as compared to 45.8% patients in the placebo group (P = 0.05). More than 75% of bowel was visualized in 83% of patients in both groups (P = 0.56). Mean ADR was higher in the peppermint group as compared to the placebo group (45.8% vs. 37.5%; P = 0.56). Conclusion Our study suggests that topical peppermint oil reduces bowel wall spasticity, which could lead to better visualization of the bowel during screening colonoscopy. Although use of peppermint oil was associated with better ADRs, these results did not achieve statistical significance. Larger sample size and use of alternative methods of peppermint oil administration allowing for more absorption time may establish stronger results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Shah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Creighton University St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Noemi J Baffy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin C Ruff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Sanagapalli S, Agnihotri K, Leong R, Corte CJ. Antispasmodic drugs in colonoscopy: a review of their pharmacology, safety and efficacy in improving polyp detection and related outcomes. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2017; 10:101-113. [PMID: 28286563 PMCID: PMC5330606 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x16670076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antispasmodic drugs are cheap, effective and generally safe. They may improve outcomes in colonoscopy, however their use has not been consistent or widespread. This manuscript reviews the three most commonly used antispasmodics in colonoscopy, namely, hyoscine butylbromide (and related ammonium compounds), glucagon and peppermint oil. The pharmacology, action and safety of the agents, as well as the evidence for them improving colonoscopic outcomes will be discussed. In addition to polyp detection, other colonoscopic outcome endpoints of interest include cecal and ileal intubation, and patient comfort. The drugs studied were all found to be effective gastrointestinal antispasmodics with good safety profiles. There is insufficient evidence to conclude whether antispasmodics improve cecal intubation rate, predominantly because the baseline rates are already high. Antispasmodics probably have efficacy in reducing cecal intubation time especially in those with marked colonic spasm. Antispasmodics do not offer significant benefit in polyp detection or improving patient comfort during colonoscopy. Future studies should focus on inexperienced colonoscopists as well as those with marked colonic spasm, in whom the greatest benefit seems to lie.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kriti Agnihotri
- Gastroenterology & Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rupert Leong
- Gastroenterology & Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Crispin John Corte
- Gastroenterology & Liver Services, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Taleb N, Haidar A, Messier V, Gingras V, Legault L, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Glucagon in artificial pancreas systems: Potential benefits and safety profile of future chronic use. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:13-23. [PMID: 27629286 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The role of glucagon in the pathophysiology of diabetes has long been recognized, although its approved clinical use has so far been limited to the emergency treatment of severe hypoglycaemia. A novel use of glucagon as intermittent mini-boluses is proposed in the dual-hormone version (insulin and glucagon) of the external artificial pancreas. Short-term studies suggest that the incorporation of glucagon into artificial pancreas systems has the potential to further decrease hypoglycaemic risk and improve overall glucose control; however, the potential long-term safety and benefits also need to be investigated given the recognized systemic effects of glucagon. In the present report, we review the available animal and human data on the physiological functions of glucagon, as well as its pharmacological use, according to dosing and duration (acute and chronic). Along with its main role in hepatic glucose metabolism, glucagon affects the cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary and gastrointestinal systems. It has a potential role in weight reduction through its central satiety function and its role in increasing energy expenditure. Most of the pharmacological studies investigating the effects of glucagon have used doses exceeding 1 mg, in contrast to the mini-boluses used in the artificial pancreas. The available data are reassuring but comprehensive human studies using small but chronic glucagon doses that are close to the physiological ranges are lacking. We propose a list of variables that could be monitored during long-term trials of the artificial pancreas. Such trials should address the questions about the risk-benefit ratio of chronic glucagon use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Taleb
- Metabolic diseases unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Édouard-Montpetit, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ahmad Haidar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Virginie Messier
- Metabolic diseases unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Véronique Gingras
- Metabolic diseases unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Legault
- Montreal Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Metabolic diseases unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Gotoda T, Uedo N, Yoshinaga S, Tanuma T, Morita Y, Doyama H, Aso A, Hirasawa T, Yano T, Uchita K, Ho SH, Hsieh PH. Basic principles and practice of gastric cancer screening using high-definition white-light gastroscopy: Eyes can only see what the brain knows. Dig Endosc 2016; 28 Suppl 1:2-15. [PMID: 26836611 DOI: 10.1111/den.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors consists of the following processes: (i) detection; (ii) differential diagnosis; and (iii) quantitative diagnosis (size and depth) of a lesion. Although detection is the first step to make a diagnosis of the tumor, the lesion can be overlooked if an endoscopist has no knowledge of what an early-stage 'superficial lesion' looks like. In recent years, image-enhanced endoscopy has become common, but white-light endoscopy (WLI) is still the first step for detection and characterization of lesions in general clinical practice. Settings and practice of routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) such as use of antispasmodics, number of endoscopic images taken, and observational procedure are customarily decided in each facility in each country and are not well standardized. Therefore, in the present article, we attempted to outline currently available evidence and actual Japanese practice on gastric cancer screening using WLI, and provide tips for detecting EGC during routine EGD which could become the basis of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Gotoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriya Uedo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tokuma Tanuma
- Center for Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Kobe Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Morita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hisashi Doyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ishikawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akira Aso
- Depatment of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Hirasawa
- Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yano
- Endoscopy division, Department of Gastroterology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Uchita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kochi Red Cross Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shiaw-Hooi Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ping-Hsin Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kuwatani M, Kawakami H, Hayashi T, Eto K, Yamato H, Onodera M, Naruse H, Oba K. Effect of antispasmodic drugs on endoscopic ultrasound/endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Endosc Ultrasound 2014; 3:167-73. [PMID: 25184123 PMCID: PMC4145477 DOI: 10.4103/2303-9027.138788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Antispasmodic drugs (ADs) have been used to reduce examination time or improve the quality of gastrointestinal endoscopy, although the practice is controversial. No evidence about the efficacy of AD for endoscopic ultrasonography/EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS/EUS-FNA) is available. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of AD in EUS/EUS-FNA. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 400 patients with pancreaticobiliary, peripancreatic, or peribiliary disease or disorder undergoing EUS/EUS-FNA were prospectively and evenly randomized to undergo EUS/EUS-FNA with AD (w-AD) or without AD (w/o-AD). The primary endpoint was total EUS/EUS-FNA examination time. The secondary endpoints were visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of endoscopists (patient body motion, gastrointestinal peristalsis, and accomplishment of the purpose) and patients (pain, discomfort, and willingness to undergo re-examination), vital sign changes, adverse events, and sedative dose. RESULTS Two hundred patients in the w-AD group and 197 patients in the w/o-AD group were ultimately analyzed. The total examination time was similar between the groups (2299 ± 937 vs. 2259 ± 1019 s). The difference in total examination time from w/o-AD group to w-AD group was -40 s (95% confidence interval, -234-153 s), which was within the noninferiority margin. No statistical differences were observed in endoscopist and patient VAS scores, changes in vital signs, adverse events, or total sedative dose other than fentanyl between the groups. CONCLUSION EUS/EUS-FNA can be effectively and safely performed w/o-AD. Further, randomized controlled trials on EUS/EUS-FNA in various disease entities may be required to confirm the results of this study (UMIN000008047).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kuwatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kazunori Eto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tomakomai City Hospital, Tomakomai 053-8567, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, 041-8680, Japan
| | - Manabu Onodera
- Department of Gastroenterology, Abashiri-Kosei General Hospital, Abashiri 093-0076, Japan
| | - Hirohito Naruse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hakodate Municipal Hospital, Hakodate, 041-8680, Japan
| | - Koji Oba
- Translational Research and Clinical Trial Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
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Mori A, Hachiya H, Yumura T, Ito S, Hayashi S, Nozaki M, Yoshida A, Ohashi N. l-Menthol sprayed on gastric mucosa causes edematous change. Endosc Int Open 2014; 2:E51-7. [PMID: 26135260 PMCID: PMC4423322 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1377172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS l-Menthol (LM), sprayed on the distal gastric mucosa, is a safe antispasmodic agent used during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). However, it seems to affect gastric mucosal endoscopic findings. Therefore, we evaluated whether LM causes specific changes and impacts the endoscopic morphology of gastric lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 98 patients scheduled to undergo EGD were randomly assigned to receive LM solution (160 mg of 0.8 % LM added to 2.5 mL of indigo carmine [IC]; n = 49; LM group) or decuple-diluted IC solution without LM (n = 49; placebo group). We compared the incidence of specific mucosal changes and the difference in the endoscopic findings of several gastric lesions between these groups. RESULTS Annular-reticular - like mucosal changes appeared immediately after the administration of LM solution. This change was observed in 71.4 % of the LM group compared with 12.2 % of the placebo group (P < 0.01). In the placebo group, this change was observed in 14.7 % of subjects with atrophic gastritis compared with 6.7 % of those without atrophic gastritis (P = 0.39), whereas in the LM group, this change was observed in 84.8 % of subjects with atrophic gastritis compared with 43.8 % of those without atrophic gastritis (P < 0.01). Most early gastric cancers, erosions, and ulcers observed in this study became well demarcated after LM administration, although the incidence of gastric lesions did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION LM changes the gastric mucosa into edematous mucosa, and this occurs more frequently in atrophic gastric mucosa than in pathologic lesions. LM may facilitate the demarcation of pathologic gastric lesions without intestinal metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Mori
- Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital – Gastroenterology, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hachiya
- Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital – Gastroenterology, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yumura
- Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital – Gastroenterology, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Shun Ito
- Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital – Gastroenterology, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Nozaki
- Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital – Gastroenterology, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Atsui Yoshida
- Ichinomiya Nishi Hospital – Gastroenterology, Ichinomiya, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersan Ozaslan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nursen Karakelle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Imagawa A, Hata H, Nakatsu M, Yoshida Y, Takeuchi K, Inokuchi T, Imada T, Kohno Y, Takahara M, Matsumoto K, Miyatake H, Yagi S, Ando M, Hirohata M, Fujiki S, Takenaka R. Peppermint oil solution is useful as an antispasmodic drug for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, especially for elderly patients. Dig Dis Sci 2012; 57:2379-84. [PMID: 22562537 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hyoscine butyl bromide (HB) and glucagon (GL) are often used as antispasmodic drugs during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), these agents may cause adverse effects. Recently, it was reported that peppermint oil solution (PO) was very effective and had few side effects. AIM We clarified the efficacy and usefulness of PO as an antispasmodic during upper endoscopy, especially for elderly patients. METHODS This study was a non-randomized prospective study. The antispasmodic score (1-5, where 5 represents no spasm) was defined according to the degree of spasms of the antrum and difficulty of biopsy. We compared the antispasmodic scores between non-elderly patients (younger than 70) and elderly patients (70 years old or older) according to the antispasmodic agent. RESULTS A total of 8,269 (Group PO: HB: GL: NO (no antispasmodic) = 1,893: 6,063: 157: 156) EGD procedures were performed. There was no significant difference in the antispasmodic score between Group PO (mean score ± standard deviation: 4.025 ± 0.925) and Group HB (4.063 ± 0.887). Among the non-elderly patients, those in Group PO (n = 599, 3.923 ± 0.935) had a worse antispasmodic score than those in Group HB (n = 4,583, 4.062 ± 0.876, P < 0.001). However, among the elderly patients, those in Group PO (n = 1,294, 4.073 ± 0.917) had similar scores to those in Group HB (n = 1,480, 4.064 ± 0.921, P = 0.83), and significantly better scores than those in Group GL (n = 69, 3.797 ± 0.933, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Peppermint oil was useful as an antispasmodic during EGD, especially for elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Imagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mitoyo General Hospital, 708 Himehama, Toyohama, Kan-onji, Kagawa 769-1695, Japan.
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Hiki N, Kaminishi M, Yasuda K, Uedo N, Kobari M, Sakai T, Hiratsuka T, Ohno K, Honjo H, Nomura S, Yahagi N, Tajiri H, Suzuki H. Multicenter phase II randomized study evaluating dose-response of antiperistaltic effect of L-menthol sprayed onto the gastric mucosa for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Dig Endosc 2012; 24:79-86. [PMID: 22348831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1443-1661.2011.01163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Peppermint oil solution was found to be effective for reducing gastric spasm during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The aim of the present study was to assess whether the gastric peristalsis-suppressing effect is dose-dependently induced by L-menthol, the major constituent of peppermint oil, and to determine the recommended dose of an L-menthol preparation. METHODS In this phase II, multicenter, double-blind, dose-response study, 131 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive 20 mL of 0.4% L-menthol (n = 32), 0.8% L-menthol (n = 35), 1.6% L-menthol (n = 30), or placebo (n = 34). The primary efficacy measure was the proportion of subjects with no peristalsis in two time periods, 75 to 105 s after treatment and immediately before the completion of endoscopy. RESULTS The peristalsis-suppressing effect of L-menthol increased dose dependently (5.6%, 32.0%, 47.4% and 52.9% in the 0%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.6% groups, respectively: P < 0.001, one-tailed Cochran-Armitage trend test). As compared with the placebo group, the proportion of subjects with no peristalsis after administration was significantly higher in the 0.8% group (P = 0.015) and 1.6% group (P = 0.009). Adverse events in the L-menthol dose groups occurred with similar frequencies in the placebo group. CONCLUSION L-menthol suppresses peristalsis in a dose-dependent manner, and the dose-response reaches a plateau at 0.8% L-menthol. Further Phase III studies are needed to establish the superiority of 0.8% L-menthol over placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hiki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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Hiki N, Kaminishi M, Tanabe S, Fujisaki J, Yoshino J, Iguchi M, Kobayashi H, Ashida K, Kawabe T, Kawano T, Nomura S, Yahagi N, Tajiri H, Suzuki H. An open-label, single-arm study assessing the efficacy and safety of L: -menthol sprayed onto the gastric mucosa during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:873-82. [PMID: 21559772 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-011-0395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The results of a phase III, placebo-controlled study demonstrated that endoscopic direct spraying of L: -menthol onto the gastric mucosa effectively suppressed gastric peristalsis in the study patients. The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether the anti-peristaltic effect of an L: -menthol preparation facilitates endoscopic examinations in a clinical setting. METHODS This was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm trial in which the study cohort comprised patients in whom L: -menthol was likely to be used to facilitate endoscopic examination in clinical settings. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects with no peristalsis (Grade 1) after treatment and at the end of endoscopy (defined as the complete suppression of gastric peristalsis). This variable was assessed according to the level of anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, pepsinogen test results, whether sedation was performed, and whether subjects were considered unsuitable for the use of conventional antispasmodics. RESULTS Of the 119 enrolled subjects, data from 112 were included in the primary efficacy analysis. Gastric peristalsis was completely suppressed in 37.5% of the patients [42/112 patients; 95% confidence interval (CI) 28.5-47.1]. Subgroup analyses revealed that the rate of peristalsis suppression was significantly higher in patients with elevated levels of anti-H. pylori IgG antibody (26/44, 59.1%; 95% CI 43.2-73.7); P < 0.001] and positive pepsinogen test results (21/35, 65.6%; 95% CI 46.8-81.4; P < 0.001]. There was no significant difference according to sedation (17/52, 32.7%; 95% CI 20.3-47.1; P = 0.434) or whether subjects were considered unsuitable for use of conventional antispasmodic agents (14/28, 50.0%; 95% CI 30.6-69.4; P = 0.12]. CONCLUSION These findings are comparable to those of the phase III placebo-controlled study and provide further evidence that endoscopic direct spraying of L: -menthol effectively suppresses gastric peristalsis during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hiki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-10-6 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
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Hiki N, Kaminishi M, Hasunuma T, Nakamura M, Nomura S, Yahagi N, Tajiri H, Suzuki H. A Phase I Study Evaluating Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Efficacy of L-Menthol in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011; 90:221-8. [DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2011.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hiki N, Kaminishi M, Yasuda K, Uedo N, Honjo H, Matsuhashi N, Hiratsuka T, Sekine C, Nomura S, Yahagi N, Tajiri H, Suzuki H. Antiperistaltic effect and safety of L-menthol sprayed on the gastric mucosa for upper GI endoscopy: a phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73:932-41. [PMID: 21353674 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GI peristalsis during GI endoscopy commonly requires intravenous or intramuscular injection of antispasmodic agents, which sometimes cause unexpected adverse reactions. OBJECTIVE Our ultimate goal was to evaluate whether the antiperistaltic effect of L-menthol-based preparations facilitates endoscopic examinations in a clinical setting. DESIGN Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. SETTING Six Japanese referral centers. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION A total of 87 patients scheduled to undergo upper GI endoscopy were randomly assigned to receive 160 mg of L-menthol (n=45) or placebo (n=42). Both treatments were sprayed endoscopically on the gastric mucosa. The degree of gastric peristalsis was assessed by an independent committee. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The proportion of subjects with no peristalsis 90 to 135 seconds after administration and at the end of the endoscopic examination (complete suppression of gastric peristalsis). Other outcomes were the proportion of subjects with no or mild peristalsis (adequate suppression of gastric peristalsis) and the ease of intragastric observation as evaluated by the endoscopist who performed the procedure. RESULTS Gastric peristalsis was completely suppressed in 35.6% (21.9, 51.2) of the L-menthol group compared with only 7.1% (1.5, 19.5) of the placebo group (P<.001). In the L-menthol group, 77.8% (62.9, 88.8) (35/45 subjects) of the subjects had no or mild peristalsis at the completion of endoscopy. Minor peristalsis interfered with intragastric examination in only 1 of these 35 patients (2.9%). The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups (P=.512). LIMITATION Small sample size. CONCLUSIONS During upper GI endoscopy, L-menthol sprayed on the gastric mucosa significantly suppresses peristalsis with minimal adverse drug reactions compared with placebo. ( CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT00742599.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hiki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Being a quaternary ammonium compound derived from scopolamine, the alkaloid hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) exerts anticholinergic effects without side effects related to the central nervous system because it does not pass the blood-brain barrier. Clinical experience with this antispasmodic dates back to the 1950s and led to its registration for treating abdominal cramps/spasm and for diagnostic imaging purposes. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE: This review focuses on the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the parenteral administration of HBB for treating biliary and renal colic and acute spasm in the genito-urinary tract. In addition, its value for diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in the abdomen, as well as for labour and palliative care, is reviewed. With the generic and trade name of the drug combined with various search terms related to the relevant clinical applications, a thorough literature search was performed in the Medline and EMBASE databases in April 2008. FINDINGS In most clinical studies, recommended doses of 20-40 mg HBB were injected, mainly intravenously. Fast pain reduction was achieved by HBB in renal colic; about 90% of the patients showed good to moderate analgesic responses after 30 min and the onset of action was noticeable within 10 min. Similarly, a pain reduction of 42-78% was observed in patients with biliary colic within 30 min after a single intravenous injection of 20 mg. In contrast, no analgesic efficacy of a single injection of 20 mg was found after surgical or shock-wave procedures in the urogenital area. Administration of HBB prior to, or during, radiological imaging distended the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in double-contrast barium and computed tomographic colonography studies and reduced motion artefacts in magnetic resonance imaging. This improved diagnostic image quality and organ visualisation. Pre-medication led to shorter and easier endoscopy in some, but not all, studies. Because of cervical relaxation, HBB shortened total labour duration with 17-67%. It also relieved pain and reduced GI secretions in terminal cancer patients with inoperable bowel obstruction. With regard to its safety profile, parenteral administration of HBB is associated with mild and self-limiting adverse events, typical for anticholinergic drugs. CONCLUSIONS These clinical results of rapid action and beneficial efficacy combined with good tolerability support the use of HBB in a range of indications related to acute abdominal spasm, in labour and palliative care and for supporting diagnostic and therapeutic abdominal procedures, where spasm may be a problem.
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Basavaraj S, Penumetcha KR, Cable HR, Umapathy N. Buscopan in oesophageal food bolus: is it really effective? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 262:524-7. [PMID: 15592862 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-004-0852-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2003] [Accepted: 08/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Food bolus (FB) impaction of the oesophagus is one of the more common emergencies in otolaryngology. These patients are managed either conservatively or surgically. The guideline of the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) suggests that conservative management either with pharmacological agents or with an effervescent agent should be tried for 24 h usually prior to surgical intervention. Various pharmacological agents have been used to dislodge food bolus with varying success rates. We currently use buscopan as a pharmacological agent to dislodge obstruction. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of buscopan in the management of oesophageal food bolus. Dislodgement of food bolus and avoidance of oesophagoscopy were taken as a measure of the effectiveness of buscopan. There is no clear evidence in the literature for the time taken for spontaneous dislodgement or the proportion of cases needing oesophagoscopy. Reviewing the results in the last 5 years in our department, we found that food bolus obstruction was relieved in 68% of the patients who had buscopan and in 63% who did not have buscopan. There was no statistically significant difference in both groups (P = 0.37).
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of ERCP-related morbidity seldom include a sufficient patient follow-up. The aim of this study was to characterize and to evaluate the frequency of complications, cardiopulmonary untoward events in particular. METHODS All patients undergoing ERCP during a 2-year period were included in this prospective study. Complications were assessed at the time of ERCP and by postal/telephone contact at 30-days after the procedure. RESULTS A total of 1177 ERCPs were included in the analysis, of which 56.2% were therapeutic. The 30-day complication rate was 15.9%; the procedure-related mortality rate was 1.0%. Post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in 3.8% of patients (3 deaths). Hemorrhage or perforation occurred with 0.9% and 1.1%, respectively, of the procedures (3 deaths). One perforation that resulted in the death of the patient occurred after placement of an endoprosthesis. Cholangitis occurred in relation to 5% of the ERCP procedures (3 deaths). Cardiorespiratory complications occurred in 2.3% (2 deaths). Dilated bile duct ( p = 0.0001), placement of stent ( p = 0.001), and use of more than 40 mg of hyoscine-N-butyl bromide ( p < 0.05) were risk factors for complications by multivariate analysis. Risk of pancreatitis was increased with age under 40 years ( p = 0.0078), placement of stent ( p = 0.031), and a dilated bile duct ( p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS This prospective study confirms that the complication rate of ERCP including therapeutic procedures is high. Cardiopulmonary complications were not as common as expected, despite being the special focus of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Christensen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Denmark
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Adachi K, Hashimoto T, Hamamoto N, Hirakawa K, Niigaki M, Miyake T, Taniura H, Ono M, Kaji T, Suetsugu H, Yagi J, Komazawa Y, Mihara T, Katsube T, Fujishiro H, Shizuku T, Hattori S, Yamamoto S, Kinoshita Y. Symptom relief in patients with reflux esophagitis: comparative study of omeprazole, lansoprazole, and rabeprazole. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 18:1392-8. [PMID: 14675268 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.03190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Rabeprazole has a faster onset of antisecretory activity than omeprazole and lansoprazole. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether there is any difference in the speed of symptom relief in patients with reflux esophagitis following the administration of these three proton pump inhibitors (PPI). METHODS Eighty-five patients with erosive reflux esophagitis were randomized to receive 8 weeks of 20 mg of omeprazole (n = 30), 30 mg of lansoprazole (n = 25), or 20 mg of rabeprazole (n = 30) once a morning. Daily changes in heartburn and acid reflux symptoms in the first 7 days of administration were assessed using a six-point scale (0: none, 1: mild, 2: mild-moderate, 3: moderate, 4: moderate-severe, 5: severe). RESULTS The mean heartburn score in patients administered rabeprazole decreased more rapidly than those given the other PPI. Complete heartburn remission also occurred more rapidly in patients administered rabeprazole (compared with omeprazole: P = 0.035, compared with lansoprazole: P = 0.038 by log-rank test). No differences were seen in the rate of endoscopic healing of reflux esophagitis at 8 weeks between the three treatment regimens. CONCLUSION Rabeprazole may be more effective than omeprazole and lansoprazole for the rapid relief of heartburn symptoms in patients with reflux esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Adachi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane Medical University, Department of Internal Medicine, Unnan General Hospital, Shimane, Japan.
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Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2002; 11:421-36. [PMID: 12271887 DOI: 10.1002/pds.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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