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Bruce ES, Hotonu SA, McHoney M. Comparison of Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Requirements Between Laparoscopic and Open Hernia Repair in Children. World J Surg 2021; 45:3609-3615. [PMID: 34458938 PMCID: PMC8572823 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background This study analyses the impact of anaesthetic blockade and intraperitoneal local anaesthetic infiltration on paediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Method A retrospective review of paediatric laparoscopic hernia repairs versus open repairs. Anaesthetic blockade, analgesic consumption and postoperative pain scores were compared between groups. Results 155 children underwent laparoscopic repair, 150 underwent open repairs. Median age was 7.2 months (16 days–14 years) in the laparoscopic group, 6 months (17 days–13 years) in the open group. Anaesthetic blockade varied significantly; 62.7% of open cases had caudal blockade compared to 21.6% laparoscopic (p < 0.001). A subset of laparoscopic patients had peritoneal local anaesthetic infiltration. 10.1% of laparoscopic cases required recovery analgesia, compared to 1.3% of open cases (p = 0.001). Postoperative analgesic consumption was significantly higher in the laparoscopic group. Peritoneal infiltration reduced analgesic consumption in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.038). Age < 2 was associated with use of caudal (p < 0.001), which reduced analgesic consumption. Conclusions Laparoscopy was associated with increased use of recovery analgesia. Caudal reduced the need for rescue and postoperative analgesia. Intraperitoneal infiltration of local anaesthetic is associated with reduced postoperative analgesia in laparoscopy. In suitable patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, combination caudal and peritoneal infiltration may prove a useful adjunctive analgesic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sesi A Hotonu
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Sciennes Road, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, UK
| | - Merrill McHoney
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Sciennes Road, Edinburgh, EH9 1LF, UK.
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Combination of a pulmonary recruitment maneuver and intraperitoneal bupivacaine for the reduction of postoperative shoulder pain in gynecologic laparoscopy: a randomized, controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2020; 63:187-194. [PMID: 32206659 PMCID: PMC7073353 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2020.63.2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the efficacy of a pulmonary recruitment maneuver using lower airway pressure (30 cm H2O) and intraperitoneal bupivacaine, alone or in combination, for reducing shoulder pain after gynecologic laparoscopy. Methods A prospective controlled study was performed in a teaching hospital with patients who underwent elective gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Two hundred eighty-seven patients were randomized into 1 of 4 groups: group A, placebo; group B, intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine; group C, CO2 removal by a pulmonary recruitment maneuver; group D, combination of intraperitoneal bupivacaine and pulmonary recruitment maneuver. The interventions were performed at the end of surgery. Shoulder pain was recorded on a visual analog scale (VAS) at 1, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Results The overall incidence of shoulder pain was 49.8% and the incidence tended to gradually decrease from group A to group D (59.0% in group A, 54.8% in group B, 44.4% in group C, and 41.5% in group D; P=0.026). In addition, the VAS scores gradually decreased from group A to D, although a statistically significant difference was only found at 6 hours postoperatively (P=0.03). There were no complications related to the interventions. Conclusion The combination of a pulmonary recruitment maneuver with intraperitoneal bupivacaine significantly reduced shoulder pain after gynecologic laparoscopy. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01039441
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Long JB, Bevil K, Giles DL. Preemptive Analgesia in Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019; 26:198-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kaloo P, Armstrong S, Kaloo C, Jordan V. Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 1:CD011101. [PMID: 30699235 PMCID: PMC6353625 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011101.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopy is a common procedure used to diagnose and treat various gynaecological conditions. Shoulder-tip pain (STP) as a result of the laparoscopy occurs in up to 80% of women, with potential for significant morbidity, delayed discharge and readmission. Interventions at the time of gynaecological laparoscopy have been developed in an attempt to reduce the incidence and severity of STP. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness and safety of methods for reducing the incidence and severity of shoulder-tip pain (STP) following gynaecological laparoscopy. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases: Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility (CGF) Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Studies Online (CRSO), MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL from inception to 8 August 2018. We also searched the reference lists of relevant articles and registers of ongoing trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions used during or immediately after gynaecological laparoscopy to reduce the incidence or severity of STP. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Primary outcomes: incidence or severity of STP and adverse events of the interventions; secondary outcomes: analgesia usage, delay in discharge, readmission rates, quality-of-life scores and healthcare costs. MAIN RESULTS We included 32 studies (3284 women). Laparoscopic procedures in these studies varied from diagnostic procedures to complex operations. The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate. The main limitations were risk of bias, imprecision and inconsistency.Specific technique versus "standard" technique for releasing the pneumoperitoneumUse of a specific technique of releasing the pneumoperitoneum (pulmonary recruitment manoeuvre, extended assisted ventilation or actively aspirating intra-abdominal gas) reduced the severity of STP at 24 hours (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.82 to -0.50; 5 RCTs; 670 participants; I2 = 0%, low-quality evidence) and reduced analgesia usage (SMD -0.53, 95% CI -0.70 to -0.35; 4 RCTs; 570 participants; I2 = 91%, low-quality evidence). There appeared to be little or no difference in the incidence of STP at 24 hours (odds ratio (OR) 0.87, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.82; 1 RCT; 118 participants; low-quality evidence).No adverse events occurred in the only study assessing this outcome.Fluid instillation versus no fluid instillationFluid instillation is probably associated with a reduction in STP incidence (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.66; 2 RCTs; 220 participants; I2 = 0%, moderate-quality evidence) and severity (mean difference (MD) (0 to 10 visual analogue scale (VAS) scale) -2.27, 95% CI -3.06 to -1.48; 2 RCTs; 220 participants; I2 = 29%, moderate-quality evidence) at 24 hours, and may reduce analgesia usage (MD -12.02, 95% CI -23.97 to -0.06; 2 RCTs; 205 participants, low-quality evidence).No study measured adverse events.Intraperitoneal drain versus no intraperitoneal drainUsing an intraperitoneal drain may reduce the incidence of STP at 24 hours (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.46; 3 RCTs; 417 participants; I2 = 90%, low-quality evidence) and may reduce analgesia use within 48 hours post-operatively (SMD -1.84, 95% CI -2.14 to -1.54; 2 RCTs; 253 participants; I2 = 90%). We are uncertain whether it reduces the severity of STP at 24 hours, as the evidence was very low quality (MD (0 to 10 VAS scale) -1.85, 95% CI -2.15 to -1.55; 3 RCTs; 320 participants; I2 = 70%).No study measured adverse events.Subdiaphragmatic intraperitoneal local anaesthetic versus control (no fluid instillation, normal saline or Ringer's lactate)There is probably little or no difference between the groups in incidence of STP (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.23; 4 RCTs; 336 participants; I2 = 0%; moderate-quality evidence) and there may be no difference in STP severity (MD -1.13, 95% CI -2.52 to 0.26; 1 RCT; 50 participants; low-quality evidence), both measured at 24 hours. However, the intervention may reduce post-operative analgesia use (SMD-0.57, 95% CI -0.94 to -0.21; 2 RCTs; 129 participants; I2 = 51%, low-quality evidence).No adverse events occurred in any study.Local anaesthetic into peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) versus normal salineLocal anaesthetic into the peritoneal cavity may reduce the incidence of STP at 4 to 8 hours post-operatively (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.93; 2 RCTs; 157 participants; I2 = 56%; low-quality evidence). Our other outcomes of interest were not assessed.Warmed, or warmed and humidified CO2 versus unwarmed and unhumidified CO2There may be no difference between these interventions in incidence of STP at 24 to 48 hours (OR 0.81 95% CI 0.45 to 1.49; 2 RCTs; 194 participants; I2 = 12%; low-quality evidence) or in analgesia usage within 48 hours (MD -4.97 mg morphine, 95% CI -11.25 to 1.31; 1 RCT; 95 participants; low-quality evidence); there is probably little or no difference in STP severity at 24 hours (MD (0 to 10 VAS scale) 0.11, 95% CI -0.75 to 0.97; 2 RCTs; 157 participants; I2 = 50%; moderate-quality evidence).No study measured adverse events.Gasless laparoscopy versus CO2 insufflationGasless laparoscopy may be associated with increased severity of STP within 72 hours post-operatively when compared with standard treatment (MD 3.8 (0 to 30 VAS scale), 95% CI 0.76 to 6.84; 1 RCT; 54 participants, low-quality evidence), and there may be no difference in the risk of adverse events (OR 2.56, 95% CI 0.25 to 26.28; 1 RCT; 54 participants; low-quality evidence).No study measured the incidence of STP. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is low to moderate-quality evidence that the following interventions are associated with a reduction in the incidence or severity, or both, of STP, or a reduction in analgesia requirements for women undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy: a specific technique for releasing the pneumoperitoneum; intraperitoneal fluid instillation; an intraperitoneal drain; and local anaesthetic applied to the peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic).There is low to moderate-quality evidence that subdiaphragmatic intraperitoneal local anaesthetic and warmed and humidified insufflating gas may not make a difference to the incidence or severity of STP.There is low-quality evidence that gasless laparoscopy may increase the severity of STP, compared with standard treatment.Few studies reported data on adverse events. Some potentially useful interventions have not been studied by RCTs of gynaecological laparoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kaloo
- Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustWomen's CentreGloucester Royal HospitalGloucesterUKGL1 3NN
| | - Sarah Armstrong
- University of SheffieldDepartment of Oncology & MetabolismAcademic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental MedicineLevel 4, The Jessop WingSheffieldUKS10 2SF
| | - Claire Kaloo
- Cheltenham General HospitalDepartment of AnaestheticsCheltenhamUKGL53 7AN
| | - Vanessa Jordan
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyPrivate Bag 92019AucklandNew Zealand1003
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Essential Elements of Multimodal Analgesia in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Guidelines. Anesthesiol Clin 2017; 35:e115-e143. [PMID: 28526156 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative multimodal analgesia uses combinations of analgesic medications that act on different sites and pathways in an additive or synergistic manner to achieve pain relief with minimal or no opiate consumption. Although all medications have side effects, opiates have particularly concerning, multisystemic, long-term, and short-term side effects, which increase morbidity and prolong admissions. Enhanced recovery is a systematic process addressing each aspect affecting recovery. This article outlines the evidence base forming the current multimodal analgesia recommendations made by the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society (ERAS). We describe current evidence and important future directions for effective perioperative multimodal analgesia in enhanced recovery pathways.
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Guidelines for postoperative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations--Part II. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 140:323-32. [PMID: 26757238 PMCID: PMC6038804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Rivard C, Vogel RI, Teoh D. Effect of Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine on Postoperative Pain in the Gynecologic Oncology Patient. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015; 22:1260-5. [PMID: 26216095 PMCID: PMC4631626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate if the administration of intraperitoneal bupivacaine decreased postoperative pain in patients undergoing minimally invasive gynecologic and gynecologic cancer surgery. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING University-based gynecologic oncology practice operating at a tertiary medical center. PATIENTS All patients on the gynecologic oncology service undergoing minimally invasive surgery between September 2011 and June 2013. INTERVENTIONS Starting August 2012, intraperitoneal administration of .25% bupivacaine was added to all minimally invasive surgeries. These patients were compared with historical control subjects who had surgery between September 2011 and July 2012 but did not receive intraperitoneal bupivacaine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS One-hundred thirty patients were included in the study. The patients who received intraperitoneal bupivacaine had lower median narcotic use on the day of surgery and the first postoperative day compared with those who did not receive intraperitoneal bupivacaine (day 0: 7.0 mg morphine equivalents vs 11.0 mg, p = .007; day 1: .3 mg vs 1.7 mg, p = .0002). The median patient-reported pain scores were lower on the day of surgery in the intraperitoneal bupivacaine group (2.7 vs 3.2, p = .05) CONCLUSIONS: The administration of intraperitoneal bupivacaine was associated with improved postoperative pain control in patients undergoing minimally invasive gynecologic and gynecologic cancer surgery and should be further evaluated in a prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Rivard
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Rachel Isaksson Vogel
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Deanna Teoh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Tam T, Harkins G, Wegrzyniak L, Ehrgood S, Kunselman A, Davies M. Infiltration of Bupivacaine Local Anesthetic to Trocar Insertion Sites After Laparoscopy: A Randomized, Double-blind, Stratified, and Controlled Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2014; 21:1015-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Arden D, Seifert E, Donnellan N, Guido R, Lee T, Mansuria S. Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine for reduction of postoperative pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2013; 20:620-6. [PMID: 23706546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect on postoperative pain of intraperitoneal instillation of dilute bupivacaine at the conclusion of laparoscopic hysterectomy. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING Tertiary care, urban, academic teaching hospital. PATIENTS Women aged 18 to 65 years undergoing total or supracervical laparoscopic hysterectomy with or without salpingo-oophorectomy. INTERVENTION Randomization to intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine vs normal saline solution at the conclusion of laparoscopic hysterectomy performed because of benign indications. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A total of 160 patients consented to participate in the study and were randomized to receive either intraperitoneal instillation of 100 mg bupivacaine in 100 mL normal saline solution or 100 mL normal saline solution alone, at the conclusion of laparoscopic hysterectomy. Sixty seven of 77 patients (87%) in the treatment group and 73 of 80 patients (91%) in the placebo group completed the study. There were no significant differences in demographic profile, indication for hysterectomy, or number of previous surgeries between the two groups. All patients were prescribed a standardized routine postoperative analgesic regimen. Pain was measured by patient self-report using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Mean VAS scores at all time points were between 2.0 and 4.3 and were highest in the first postoperative hour. VAS scores were not significantly different between the two groups at any time point. None of the measured secondary outcomes were significantly different between the bupivacaine and placebo groups, including total postoperative opioid analgesic use in morphine equivalents (23.2 mg vs 27.5 mg; p = .09), length of hospital stay in hours (23.3 vs 23.0; p = .49), patient satisfaction on a 10-cm VAS (9.0 vs 8.2; p = .12), and complication rates (9% vs 15%; p = .35). CONCLUSION Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine at the conclusion of laparoscopic hysterectomy does not reduce postoperative pain. Opioid analgesic use, length of hospital stay, overall patient satisfaction, and complication rates are also unchanged. Self-reported postoperative pain was low in both groups after this major gynecologic surgery performed laparoscopically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Arden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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Manjunath AP, Chhabra N, Girija S, Nair S. Pain relief in laparoscopic tubal ligation using intraperitoneal lignocaine: a double masked randomized controlled trial. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2012; 165:110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Marks JL, Ata B, Tulandi T. Systematic review and metaanalysis of intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetics for reduction of pain after gynecologic laparoscopy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2012; 19:545-53. [PMID: 22763313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed the effectiveness of intraperitoneal instillation of local anesthetic on pain after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Sources included the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations databases, and abstracts, reference lists, and randomized controlled trial (RCT) registries. The 7 included RCTs compared pain scores after administration of intraperitoneal analgesics or placebo/control during gynecologic laparoscopic surgery with benign indications. Outcome measures were pain scores (per visual analog scale) at 1 to 2, 4 to 6, and 24 hours postoperatively. Pain scores were significantly lower in the groups receiving local anesthesia at 1 to 2 hours (weighted mean difference [WMD], -1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.55 to -1.08]) and 4 to 6 hours postoperatively (WMD, -2.00; 95% CI, -3.64 to -0.35), but were similar at 24 hours (WMD, -1.43; 95% CI, -1.15 to 0.96). Local analgesia instilled intraperitoneally significantly decreased pain during a 6-hour interval after gynecologic laparoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Marks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Di Pace MR, Cimador M, Catalano P, Caruso A, Sergio M, Casuccio A, De Grazia E. Efficacy of Periportal Infiltration and Intraperitoneal Instillation of Ropivacaine After Laparoscopic Surgery in Children. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2009; 19:821-5. [DOI: 10.1089/lap.2008.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Di Pace
- Pediatric Surgical Unit, Department of Mother and Child Care, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Cimador
- Pediatric Surgical Unit, Department of Mother and Child Care, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pieralba Catalano
- Pediatric Surgical Unit, Department of Mother and Child Care, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Caruso
- Pediatric Surgical Unit, Department of Mother and Child Care, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Sergio
- Pediatric Surgical Unit, Department of Mother and Child Care, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Pediatric Surgical Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Enrico De Grazia
- Pediatric Surgical Unit, Department of Mother and Child Care, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Malhotra N, Chanana C, Roy KK, Kumar S, Rewari V, Riwari V, Sharma JB. To compare the efficacy of two doses of intraperitoneal bupivacaine for pain relief after operative laparoscopy in gynecology. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2007; 276:323-6. [PMID: 17653742 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-007-0337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 01/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of two doses of intraperitoneal bupivacaine administration for pain relief after operative gynecological laparoscopy. DESIGN Prospective randomized study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group comprised 52 women undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. A dose of either 0.125% bupivacaine 10 ml (50 mg) or 0.25% bupivacaine (100 mg) was instilled intraperitoneally at the end of the procedure. Pain scores were recorded in the postoperative period on a scale of 0-10 at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h intervals after the surgery. Any other side effect and the time and dose of analgesia required were noted. The results were compared in the two groups. RESULTS One hundred milligrams of bupivacine provided pain relief for a longer duration (8 h), as compared to 50 mg of the drug (4-6 h). This difference was statistically significant. Analgesic requirement was also less in the 100 mg group. CONCLUSION One hundred milligrams of intraperitoneal bupivacaine is much better than 50 mg in relieving pain after laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ghezzi F, Cromi A, Bergamini V, Raffaelli R, Crotti S, Segredini R, Bolis P. Preemptive port site local anesthesia in gynecologic laparoscopy: a randomized, controlled trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005; 12:210-5. [PMID: 15922977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2005.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of preemptive infiltration of port site with local anesthetic on postlaparoscopy pain. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING Two university hospitals. PATIENTS A total of 170 women scheduled for gynecologic laparoscopic procedures were randomly assigned to pre-incisional infiltration with ropivacaine (n = 86) or with saline solution (n = 84). INTERVENTIONS Infiltration with either local anesthetic or placebo was accomplished in each port site before skin incision. All patients underwent standard anesthesia induction and maintenance. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Postoperative pain was evaluated with a visual analogue scale and patient interview at 1, 3, and 24 hours after surgery. No difference was found between groups in pain levels, pain location, or in the site of superficial pain at any of the postoperative time periods. The proportion of women requiring analgesia before discharge was similar in the local anesthetic group and in the saline group (22/86 [25.6%] vs 19/84 [22.6%], p = .72). The analgesic consumption in the first 24 hours after surgery and the time to first analgesic request did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION Preemptive infiltration of trocar sites with ropivacaine is not effective in postoperative pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ghezzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Chou YJ, Ou YC, Lan KC, Jawan B, Chang SY, Kung FT. Preemptive analgesia installation during gynecologic laparoscopy: A randomized trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005; 12:330-5. [PMID: 16036193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative infusion of bupivacaine solution for the relief of pain after operative gynecologic laparoscopy. DESIGN Prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I4). SETTING Tertiary teaching hospital. PATIENTS Ninety-one women aged 16 to 69 years who underwent gynecologic laparoscopic surgery from November 2002 through November 2003. INTERVENTIONS Group A (n = 30): intraperitoneal infusion of a mixture of 10 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine (50 mg) with epinephrine (1:500) in 40 mL of Ringer's lactate solution postoperatively. Group B (n = 30): the same mixture solution infusion preoperatively and postoperatively (total 100 mg bupivacaine). Group C (n = 31): placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Shoulder tip pain (STP), abdominal parietal pain (APP), and abdominal visceral pain (AVP) were recorded on a visual analog scale at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours postoperatively. A total of 79 patients fulfilled the study criteria. The overall incidence of STP was 60.8%. Abdominal visceral pain in group B was significantly less than in group C at 2 and 4 hours postoperatively (p = .011 and p = .010, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found in length of hospital stay, postoperative meperidine consumption, or side effects. CONCLUSION Intraperitoneal bupivacaine administration both immediately after placement of trocars and at the end of surgery was found to be effective in reducing the intensity of AVP but not in reducing STP, APP, or postoperative analgesia consumption after nonadvanced gynecologic laparoscopic procedures. The duration of the analgesic effect of bupivacaine instilled into the peritoneal cavity did not exceed 8 hours and probably was not dose related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Jou Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Readman E, Maher PJ, Ugoni AM, Gordon S. Intraperitoneal Ropivacaine and a Gas Drain: Effects on Postoperative Pain in Laparoscopic Surgery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 11:486-91. [PMID: 15701190 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-3804(05)60080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the benefits of the combination of a gas drain and the instillation of local anesthetic on the incidence of pain after operative gynecologic laparoscopy. DESIGN Randomized control trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS One hundred twenty-eight patients undergoing operative gynecologic laparoscopy procedures lasting less than 105 minutes. INTERVENTIONS Postoperatively, one group received a blocked drain and saline placed intraperitoneally; a second group was given a blocked drain and ropivacaine; a third group received a patent drain and saline; and a fourth was given a patent drain and ropivacaine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Visual analogue pain scores (VAS) were measured at 1, 2, 4, and 12 hours and day 1 to day 7. Also measured was opioid consumption at 4 hours, nausea, and activity scores. We found a statistically significant improvement in pain scores at 2 and 4 hours in the group allocated to receive a patent drain and ropivacaine. CONCLUSION We recommend the use of a gas drain and ropivacaine to reduce postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Readman
- Department of Endosurgery, Mercy Hospital for Women, Clarendon Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
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Parsanezhad ME, Lahsaee M, Alborzi S, Vafaei H, Schmidt EH. Comparative, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Intraperitoneal of Bupivacaine and Lidocaine for Pain Control after Diagnostic Laparoscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 10:311-5. [PMID: 14567803 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-3804(05)60253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of intraperitoneal bupivacaine and lidocaine on reducing pain after diagnostic laparoscopy. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING University teaching hospital. PATIENTS One hundred thirty-four women with unexplained infertility. INTERVENTION Diagnostic laparoscopy with intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine or lidocaine. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients were randomized into one of four groups. In group A, at the end of laparoscopy 0.125% bupivacaine 30 ml was instilled into the pelvic cavity and the same dose was instilled over the diaphragmatic vault. Groups B and C received the same volume of 5% lidocaine and normal saline, respectively. Group D received no intraperitoneal agent. The verbal pain scale questionnaire was used to assess postoperative pain. Pain scores 2 and 24 hours postoperatively were significantly lower for group A than for groups B and C (p = 0.0001). Scores in group B were also significantly lower than those in groups C and D (p = 0.0001). Women in group A required less additional analgesia than those in the other groups. CONCLUSION Compared with lidocaine and placebo, intraperitoneal bupivacaine significantly decreased postoperative pain, and this effect was long lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ebrahim Parsanezhad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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