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Triantafyllou A, Ruggles N. Lysosomal and cytoskeletal events in epithelial salivary tumours as assessed by imunohistochemistry for CD63 and HSP27. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 229:153691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Speth MM, Ahmad N, Speth US, Sedaghat AR, Magagna-Poveda A. [Kanalikuläres Adenom im Epipharynx - ein Fallbericht]. Laryngorhinootologie 2021; 101:241-244. [PMID: 34638143 DOI: 10.1055/a-1651-0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nader Ahmad
- Otolaryngology, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike S Speth
- Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer-, und Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ahmad R Sedaghat
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, United States
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Pettas E, Theofilou VI, Georgaki M, Daskalopoulos A, Kalyvas D, Lazaris AC, Younis RH, Nikitakis NG. Canalicular adenoma with unicystic morphology. A rare entity. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e88-e94. [PMID: 33425237 PMCID: PMC7781210 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canalicular adenoma (CA) is a benign salivary gland tumor (SGT) almost exclusively affecting the minor salivary glands, predominantly of the upper lip, and exhibiting characteristic histopathologic features. As observed in several other SGTs, a commonly encountered finding is the presence of prominent cystic morphology. Even though a multicystic appearance is usually noticed, solitary cystic CAs may rarely occur.
Case Report Two female patients (74 and 78 years old respectively) presented for the evaluation of submucosal asymptomatic masses of the oral cavity. In the 1st case a solitary nodule was noticed in the upper lip, while the 2nd patient exhibited two symmetrical lesions of the buccal mucosae. All three excised specimens displayed cystic morphology upon gross examination. Histopathologically, a solitary cystic formation lined by monomorphic cuboidal or basaloid cells arranged in solid or trabecular patterns was observed in the 1st case. With a differential diagnosis of CA vs basal cell adenoma immunohistochemical examination was performed. Positivity for S-100, CK7 and CD117 (c-kit) and negative reaction for GFAP, p63 and SMA rendered the diagnosis of CA. In the 2nd case both lesions displayed well-circumscribed proliferations by monotonous cuboidal or columnar cells arranged in single cords and occasionally forming beading patterns, while central solitary areas of marked cystic degeneration were noticed. Diagnosis of multifocal unicystic CA was disclosed.
Discussion To our knowledge, only 11 additional cases of unicystic CA have been reported in the English-language literature. Although the exact clinical significance of unicystic morphology in CA is unknown, a tendency for occurrence within the context of multifocal tumors has been detected. Key words:Canalicular adenoma, monomorphic adenoma, unicystic morphology, multifocal tumors, minor salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Pettas
- DDS. Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Vasileios-Ionas Theofilou
- DDS. Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece. Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore (UMB), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Georgaki
- DDS, MSc. Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Argyrios Daskalopoulos
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Demos Kalyvas
- DDS, PhD. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas C Lazaris
- MD, PhD. 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Rania H Younis
- BDS, MDS, PhD. Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland Baltimore (UMB), Baltimor, Maryland, USA. The Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore (UMB), Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nikolaos G Nikitakis
- MD, DDS, PhD. Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
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Koutlas IG, Dolan M, Lingen MW, Argyris PP. Plasmacytoid cells in salivary pleomorphic adenoma: an alternative interpretation of their immunohistochemical characteristics highlights function and capability for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:515-529. [PMID: 31400990 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plasmacytoid cells (PLCs) in salivary pleomorphic adenoma (SPA) are regarded as modified neoplastic myoepithelia and define plasmacytoid myoepithelioma (pMYO). However, histochemically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally, PLCs fail to demonstrate frank myogenous properties. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may explain the phenotypes in SPA. Our aim was to evaluate (1) PLCs with accepted or purported myoepithelial and EMT-related markers; and (2) pMYOs for PLAG1 aberrations by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. STUDY DESIGN Eight SPAs with or without PLC-predominance and 3 pMYOs were immunohistochemically studied. RESULTS PLCs in SPA and pMYO exhibited strong, scattered to diffuse positivity for K7, rare K14 positivity and were mostly negative for α-smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, and p63/p40. S100 staining was strong and diffuse, whereas calponin was variable. DOG1 was negative. PLCs in pMYO and PLC-rich SPA exhibited selective or diffuse WT1 and D2-40 immunoreactivity. EMT markers SNAIL/SLUG exhibited strong and variable immunoreactivity in PLCs in contrast to weak or absent E-cadherin expression. SOX10 was diffusely and strongly positive. PLAG1 rearrangement was present in 1 pMYO. CONCLUSIONS PLCs mostly fail to express myoepithelial markers; PLCs are neoplastic cells adapting to microenvironmental changes and capable of EMT; and tumors composed solely of PLCs are apparently SPAs depleted of a ductal component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Koutlas
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Michelle Dolan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark W Lingen
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Prokopios P Argyris
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Vander Poorten V, Triantafyllou A, Thompson LDR, Bishop J, Hauben E, Hunt J, Skalova A, Stenman G, Takes RP, Gnepp DR, Hellquist H, Wenig B, Bell D, Rinaldo A, Ferlito A. Salivary acinic cell carcinoma: reappraisal and update. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:3511-3531. [PMID: 26685679 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-015-3855-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic and clinicopathologic features, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis for acinic cell carcinoma of the major and minor salivary glands are critically reviewed. We explore histopathologic, histochemical, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical aspects and discuss histologic grading, histogenesis, animal models, and genetic events. In the context of possible diagnostic difficulties, the relationship to mammary analog secretory carcinoma is probed and a classification is suggested. Areas of controversy or uncertainty, which may benefit from further investigations, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vander Poorten
- Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Leuven Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology-Section Head and Neck Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - A Triantafyllou
- School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Pathology Department, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool, UK
| | - L D R Thompson
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Woodland Hills, CA, USA
| | - J Bishop
- Department of Pathology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Hauben
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Hunt
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Skalova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Plzen, Charles, University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Stenman
- European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R P Takes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D R Gnepp
- University Pathologists, Fall River, MA, USA
| | - H Hellquist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - B Wenig
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Bell
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Rinaldo
- University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
| | - A Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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Triantafyllou A, Thompson LDR, Devaney KO, Bell D, Hunt JL, Rinaldo A, Vander Poorten V, Ferlito A. Functional Histology of Salivary Gland Pleomorphic Adenoma: An Appraisal. Head Neck Pathol 2015; 9:387-404. [PMID: 25380577 PMCID: PMC4542802 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complex microstructure of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma is examined in relation to function. Events related to secretion of macromolecules and absorption, responses to the altered microenvironment and controversies concerning epithelial-mesenchymal transition versus modified myoepithelial differentiation are explored. Their effects on tumor cell phenotypes and arrangements are emphasized. Heterotopic differentiation and attempts at organogenesis are also considered. The approach allows interpreting microstructure independently of histogenetic perceptions, envisaging the tumor cells as a continuum, endorsing luminal structures as the principal components, and defining pleomorphic adenoma as a benign epithelial tumour characterized by variable epithelial-mesenchymal transition, secretion/differentiation and metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asterios Triantafyllou
- />Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- />Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Diana Bell
- />Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hunt
- />Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR USA
| | | | - Vincent Vander Poorten
- />Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncology, University Hospitals KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- />European Salivary Gland Society, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- />University of Udine School of Medicine, Udine, Italy
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Leader R, Deol-Poonia RK, Sheard J, Triantafyllou A. Immunohistochemical localization of WT1 in epithelial salivary tumors. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:726-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Thompson LDR, Bauer JL, Chiosea S, McHugh JB, Seethala RR, Miettinen M, Müller S. Canalicular adenoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 67 cases with a review of the literature. Head Neck Pathol 2014; 9:181-95. [PMID: 25141970 PMCID: PMC4424207 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-014-0560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of a comprehensive immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of canalicular adenoma (CanAd), especially when combined with a description of the unique histologic features. Given the usual small biopsies, IHC may be useful in distinguishing CanAd from other tumors in the differential diagnosis. Retrospective. The patients included 54 females and 13 males (4.2:1), aged 43-90 years, with a mean age at presentation of 69.9 years. Clinical presentation was generally a mass (n = 61) slowly increasing in size (mean 38.5 months), affecting the upper lip (n = 46), buccal mucosa (n = 17) or palate (n = 4), involving the right (n = 29), left (n = 24) or midline (n = 9), without any major salivary gland tumors. The tumors ranged in size from 0.2 to 3 cm (mean 1.2 cm). Most tumors were multilobular or bosselated (76 %), often surrounded by a capsule. Histologically, the tumors were characterized by cystic spaces, tumor cords with beading, tubule formation, and by the presence of luminal squamous balls (n = 41). The cells were cuboidal to columnar with stippled chromatin. Mitoses were inconspicuous. A myxoid stroma (n = 64), sclerosis (n = 42), luminal hemorrhage (n = 51), and luminal microliths (calcifications) (n = 33) were characteristic. Nine (13.4 %) were multifocal. CanAd showed the following characteristic immunohistochemistry findings: CK-pan and S100 protein (strong, diffuse reaction); peripheral or luminal GFAP reaction; CK5/6 and p16 luminal squamous ball reaction; SOX10 nuclear reaction; cytoplasmic p63 reaction. CanAd are unique minor salivary gland tumors showing a distinct architecture and phenotype. They predilect to older women, with the majority multilobulated and affecting the upper lip, multifocal in 13 %; no major salivary gland tumors were identified. S100 protein, CK-pan, GFAP and SOX10 are positive, with luminal squamous balls highlighted by CK5/6 or p16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester D. R. Thompson
- />Woodland Hills Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 5601 De Soto Avenue, Woodland Hills, CA 91365 USA
| | - Justin L. Bauer
- />Woodland Hills Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, 5601 De Soto Avenue, Woodland Hills, CA 91365 USA
| | - Simion Chiosea
- />Anatomic Pathology Department, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | - Raja R. Seethala
- />Anatomic Pathology Department, UPMC Presbyterian Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Markku Miettinen
- />Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Susan Müller
- />Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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A perspective of comparative salivary and breast pathology. Part I: microstructural aspects, adaptations and cellular events. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:647-63. [PMID: 23649507 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This is the first part of a review comparing the pathology of salivary and mammary glands. Here, less obvious similarities and differences in functional histology and their influences on pathology are examined with emphasis on myoepithelial cells, stromal components, analogues of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, steroid receptors, and intraparenchymal cells of monocytic lineage. Particular cell phenotypes (oncocytic, apocrine, neuroendocrine and clear) are critically evaluated and responses to atrophy, infarction and fine-needle aspiration biopsy procedures are highlighted together with aspects of metaplasia, regeneration, ageing and microcalcification. Areas of controversy or uncertainty which may benefit from further investigations are also discussed.
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Triantafyllou A. Acinar phenotypes in salivary pleomorphic adenoma: unusual differentiation or disordered functional activity? Pathol Res Pract 2002; 197:743-51. [PMID: 11770018 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To explain the occurrence in salivary pleomorphic adenoma of structures with an arrangement and appearance of tumour cells resembling acini, two tumours showing such structures and, for comparison, a tumour showing goblet cells were examined with the use of histochemistry and immunocytochemistry for constituents of the salivary secretory process. One tumour consisted mainly of slightly granular cells with an acinar arrangement, which contained neutral and carboxylated glycoproteins, -SH groups and cytoplasmic epithelial membrane antigen. The second tumour showed a minor component of structures resembling mucous acini, which contained neutral and carboxylated glycoproteins, -SS- groups and fucoglycoconjugates. The goblet cells of the third tumour contained sulphated glycoproteins and were associated with cystic lumina. Acinar phenotypes in salivary pleomorphic adenoma could reflect either an unusual line of differentiation or luminal cells with increased synthesis and/or retention of variably mature glycoproteins different from those of goblet cells. Disordered secretion and externalization of glycoproteins are possible factors influencing phenotypes in this tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Triantafyllou
- Oral Pathology Laboratory, Liverpool University Dental Hospital and School of Dentistry, The University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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