1
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Chakraborty S, Dutta H. Use of nature‐derived antimicrobial substances as safe disinfectants and preservatives in food processing industries: A review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Himjyoti Dutta
- Department of Food Technology Mizoram University Aizawl India
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2
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Daba GM, El-Dien AN, Saleh SA, Elkhateeb WA, Awad G, Nomiyama T, Yamashiro K, Zendo T. Evaluation of Enterococcus strains newly isolated from Egyptian sources for bacteriocin production and probiotic potential. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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3
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Gilbert EA, Guastavino JF, Gutierrez CG, Lancelle MV, Russell‐White K, Murguía MC. Synthesis and Properties of New Cleavable Cationic Surfactants Containing Carbonate Groups. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elangeni Ana Gilbert
- Grupo de Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET Güemes 3450 S3000GLN Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Javier Fernando Guastavino
- Grupo de Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET Güemes 3450 S3000GLN Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Carolina Guadalupe Gutierrez
- Grupo de Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET Güemes 3450 S3000GLN Santa Fe Argentina
| | - María Verónica Lancelle
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET Santiago del Estero 2829 S3000AOM Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Karen Russell‐White
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET Santiago del Estero 2829 S3000AOM Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Marcelo César Murguía
- Grupo de Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC) Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET Güemes 3450 S3000GLN Santa Fe Argentina
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4
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Gilbert EA, Guastavino JF, Nicollier RA, Lancelle MV, Russell-White K, Murguía MC. Synthesis and Properties of Cleavable Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:59-65. [PMID: 33431773 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds are widely used as antiseptic and disinfectant. It is been a concern that their widespread use will lead to an increase of environmental problems, therefore the development of biodegradable surfactants is necessary. The present research is aimed at the design of novel amphiphilic molecules with similar properties to those already known but more biodegradable. Based on benzalkonium chloride (BAC), novel carbonate cleavable surfactants (CBAC) were synthesized. The breakable carbonate sites make CBAC compounds more degradable and potentially more biodegradable than their non-cleavable BAC analogues. Natural products such as fatty alcohols (C8-C16) and N,N-dimethyl-2-aminoethanol were used as reagents for the synthesis of CBAC8-16. These amphiphilic compounds were characterized in terms of surface properties and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and moulds. The novel surfactants showed similar surface activities in aqueous solutions when compared to BAC. Also, the surface activity/structure relationship revealed that carbonate cleavable surfactants with n-decyl group (CBAC10) showed the same behaviour as non-cleavable BAC. Furthermore, compounds containing n-octyl (CBAC8), n-decyl (CBAC10) and n-dodecyl (CBAC12) group showed strong antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elangeni A Gilbert
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Grupo de Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC)
| | - Javier F Guastavino
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Grupo de Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC)
| | - Rocío A Nicollier
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Grupo de Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC)
| | - María Verónica Lancelle
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química
| | - Karen Russell-White
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Cátedra de Microbiología, Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química
| | - Marcelo C Murguía
- Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET, Grupo de Medio Ambiente, Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química (INTEC)
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5
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Cui G, Pan C, Xu P, Li Y, Wang L, Gong B, Li X, Huang S. Purification and characterization of a novel bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecalis CG-9 from human saliva. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1830714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gongcheng Cui
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Changpei Pan
- Nanning Science and Technology Enterprise Incubation Base Co., Ltd, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Yanting Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Binting Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xiangping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
| | - Shihai Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, Nanning, PR China
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6
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Sushida H, Sakei M, Perez RH, Ishibashi N, Zendo T, Wilaipun P, Leelawatcharamas V, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K. Processing and secretion of non-cognate bacteriocins by EnkT, an ABC transporter from a multiple-bacteriocin producer, Enterococcus faecium NKR-5-3. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:596-603. [PMID: 32855046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
EnkT is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter produced by Enterococcus faecium NKR-5-3, which is responsible for the secretion of multiple bacteriocins; enterocins NKR-5-3A, C, D, and Z (Ent53A, C, D, and Z). EnkT has been shown to possess a tolerant recognition mechanism that enables it to secrete the mature Ent53C from a chimeric precursor peptide containing the leader peptide moieties that are derived from different heterologous bacteriocins. In this study, to further characterize EnkT, we aimed to investigate the capacity of EnkT to recognize, process, and secrete non-cognate bacteriocins, which belong to different subclasses of class II. For this, the non-cognate bacteriocin precursor peptides, including enterocin A, pediocin PA-1, lactococcin Q, lactococcin A, and lacticin Q were co-expressed with EnkT, and thereafter, the production of the mature forms of these non-cognate bacteriocins was assessed. Our results revealed that EnkT could potentially recognize, process, and secrete the non-cognate bacteriocins with an exception of the leaderless bacteriocin, lacticin Q. Moreover, the processing and secretion efficiencies of these heterologous non-cognate bacteriocins by EnkT were further enhanced when the leader peptide moiety was replaced with the Ent53C leader peptide (derived from a native NKR-5-3 bacteriocin). The findings of this study describe the wide substrate tolerance of this ABC transporter, EnkT, that can be exploited in the future in establishing effective bacteriocin production systems adaptive to complex fermentation conditions common in many food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Sushida
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sakei
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rodney H Perez
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB), Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Naoki Ishibashi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Zendo
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Pongtep Wilaipun
- Department of Fishery Products, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vichien Leelawatcharamas
- Department of Biotechnology, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholyothin Rd., Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jiro Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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7
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Namratha S, Sreejit V, Preetha R. Fabrication and evaluation of physicochemical properties of probiotic edible film based on pectin–alginate–casein composite. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaji Namratha
- Department of Food Process Engineering School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Valiathan Sreejit
- Department of Food Process Engineering School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Radhakrishnan Preetha
- Department of Food Process Engineering School of Bioengineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603203 India
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Structural enterocin gene profiles and mode of antilisterial activity in synthetic liquid media and skim milk of autochthonous Enterococcus spp. isolates from artisan Greek Graviera and Galotyri cheeses. Food Microbiol 2020; 86:103335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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9
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Purification, characterization and mode of action of enterocin, a novel bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus faecium TJUQ1. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:151-159. [PMID: 31846663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium TJUQ1 with high bacteriocin-producing ability was isolated from pickled Chinese celery. In this study, enterocin TJUQ1 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, reversed-phase chromatography (Sep-Pak C8) and cation-exchange chromatography. The activity of the purified bacteriocin was 44,566.41 ± 874.69 AU/mg, which corresponds to a purification fold of 35.89 ± 2.34. The molecular mass was 5520 Da by MALDI-TOF MS and Tris-Tricine SDS-PAGE. The result of LC-MS/MS showed that the bacteriocin shared 59.15% identity with enterocin produced by E. faecium GN (accession no. O34071). PCR amplification revealed that E. faecium TJUQ1 possesses a gene encoding enterocin B with 60% identity to enterocin B. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that the molecular conformation was 32.6% helix, 19.5% beta, 12.9% turn and 35.0% random. The stability of enterocin TJUQ1 was measured. After exposure at 121 °C for 15 min, the residual antimicrobial activity of enterocin TJUQ1 was 85.95 ± 1.32%. The antimicrobial activity of enterocin TJUQ1 was still active over a pH range of 3-11. Enterocin TJUQ1 was inactivated after exposure to proteolytic enzymes but was not inactivated by lipase or amylase. These results showed that enterocin TJUQ1 was a novel class II bacteriocin. Enterocin TJUQ1 showed wide antibacterial activity against food-borne gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. The MIC was 5.26 ± 0.24 μg/mL against L. monocytogenes CMCC 1595. SEM and TEM were used to observe the changes in the morphological and intracellular organization of L. monocytogenes CMCC 1595 cells treated with enterocin TJUQ1. The results demonstrated that enterocin TJUQ1 increased extracellular electrical conductivity, facilitated pore formation, triggered the release of UV-absorbing materials, ATP and LDH, and even caused cell lysis in L. monocytogenes CMCC 1595 cells. Based on the characterization, the wide inhibitory spectrum and mode of action determined so far, enterocin TJUQ1 is a potential preservative for the food industry.
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10
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Liu G, Wang Y, Li X, Hao X, Xu D, Zhou Y, Mehmood A, Wang C. Genetic and Biochemical Evidence That Enterococcus faecalis Gr17 Produces a Novel and Sec-Dependent Bacteriocin, Enterocin Gr17. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1806. [PMID: 31456764 PMCID: PMC6700250 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antibacterial peptides or proteins from microorganisms. We report a novel bacteriocin producing strain, Enterococcus faecalis Gr17, that was isolated from the Chinese traditional low-salt fermented whole fish product Suan yu. E. faecalis Gr17 displayed potent antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. The complete genome of E. faecalis Gr17 contained one circular chromosome and plasmid. The gene cluster of a novel bacteriocin designated enterocin Gr17 was identified. The enterocin Gr17 structural gene encodes a precursor of the bacteriocin. Two other transporter genes and an immunity gene within two divergent operons were identified as being associated with enterocin Gr17 secretion and protection. The novel enterocin Gr17 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation exchange, gel filtration, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The molecular weight of enterocin Gr17 was 4,531.01 Da as determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and its mature amino acid sequence of enterocin Gr17 was RSYGNGVYCNNSKCWVNWGEAKENIIGIVISGWATGLAGMGR. Sequence alignment revealed that enterocin Gr17 is a class IIa bacteriocin with similarities to enterocin P. The merits of bactericidal activity, sensitivity to enzymes, and pronounced stability to chemicals, temperature (60°C, 30 min and 121°C, 15 min), and pH (2-10) indicated practicality and safety of enterocin Gr17 in the food industry. The complete genome information of E. faecalis Gr17 will improve the understanding of the biosynthetic mechanism of enterocin Gr17, which has potential value as a food biopreservative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Hao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Duoxia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingning Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Safety Aspect of Enterococcus faecium FL31 Strain and Antibacterial Mechanism of Its Hydroxylated Bacteriocin BacFL31 against Listeria monocytogenes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5308464. [PMID: 30515405 PMCID: PMC6236939 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5308464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In previous work we have isolated and identified a new strain called Enterococcus faecium FL31. The active compound secreted by this strain, "BacFL31", has been purified and characterized. In the present study, safety aspect, assessed by microbiological and molecular tests, demonstrated that Enterococcus faecium FL31 was susceptible to relevant antibiotics, free of hemolytic, gelatinase, DNase, and lipase activities. In addition, it did not harbor virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Combined SYTOX Green dye and UV-absorbing experiments, along with released extracellular potassium and transmembrane electrical potential measurements, showed that pure BacFL31 at a concentration of 1×MIC (50 μg/mL) could damage cytoplasmic membrane of the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes ATCC19117. The same concentration causes the leakage of its intracellular constituents and leads to the destruction of this pathogenic microorganism. In summary, this work reflected characteristics of Enterococcus faecium FL31 strain and its bacteriocin in terms of functional and safety perspectives.
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12
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Selection and Characterization of Two Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains to be used as Starter and Protective Cultures for Food Fermentations. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.12.3.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Screening of the Enterocin-Encoding Genes and Their Genetic Determinism in the Bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecium GHB21. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:325-331. [PMID: 30027472 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are well-known for their ability to produce a variety of antimicrobial peptides called enterocins. Most of these enterocins withstand extreme conditions and are very effective against a broad spectrum of undesirable bacteria including some Gram-negative bacteria. The same enterococci strain can produce multiple enterocins simultaneously. The genetic determinants of these bacteriocins can either be located on plasmids or on bacterial chromosome. Digestion of Enterococcus faecium GHB21 plasmids with various restriction endonucleases suggests the presence of two plasmids named pGHB-21.1 and pGHB-21.2 whose respective sizes are ~ 10.0 kb and ~ 3.3 kb. The screening of enterocin-encoding genes among E. faecium GHB21 genome by PCR followed by amplicon sequencing indicated the presence of three different enterocin structural genes similar to entA, entB, and entP genes previously detected in other E. faecium strains. These enterocin genes were, subsequently, localized on the bacterial chromosome based on PCR-targeted screening using total DNA and plasmids of E. faecium GHB21 as separate templates.
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Sushida H, Ishibashi N, Zendo T, Wilaipun P, Leelawatcharamas V, Nakayama J, Sonomoto K. Evaluation of leader peptides that affect the secretory ability of a multiple bacteriocin transporter, EnkT. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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M K, Sh SN. Isolation and Molecular Identification of Bacteriocin-producing Enterococci with Broad Antibacterial Activity from Traditional Dairy Products in Kerman Province of Iran. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:172-179. [PMID: 29725235 PMCID: PMC5932969 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.38.1.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the critical limitations to use of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria as a substitute for chemical antibiotics is the narrow spectrum of their antibacterial activity. The aim of present study was isolation and molecular identification of bacteriocin-producing enterococci with broad antibacterial spectrum. Bacteriocin-producing bacteria were isolated from native dairies in Kerman. Bacteriocins were purified by ammonium sulfate method and the effects of them were investigated on different strains of bacteria. Also, the effects of pH and heat on produced bacteriocins were investigated. High level bacteriocin-producing isolates were identified based on molecular tests. A total of 15 strains of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus were isolated initially. Enterococcus faecium C-2 and Y-1 strains produced bacteriocins with the highest antibacterial effect. The bacteriocins were stable in pH ranges from 2 to 12 and their antibacterial activity was maintained after autoclave treatment. The maximum bactericidal effect was observed against Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In conclusion, use of these bacteriocins as a substitute for chemical antibiotics is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khodaei M
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of sciences, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Soltani Nezhad Sh
- Department of Microbiology, Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran
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16
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Rahmeh R, Akbar A, Kishk M, Al Onaizi T, Al-Shatti A, Shajan A, Akbar B, Al-Mutairi S, Yateem A. Characterization of semipurified enterocins produced by Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from raw camel milk. J Dairy Sci 2018. [PMID: 29525307 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Food safety has become an issue of great interest worldwide. Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that causes listeriosis and is difficult to control in the dairy industry. The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their antimicrobial substances against Listeria is promising in food applications. Here, we report the isolation from raw camel milk of LAB displaying antilisterial activity. Two isolates were selected for their secretion of bacteriocin(s) and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Enterococcus faecium S6 and R9. The produced bacteriocins were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and then biochemically characterized. Antimicrobial activity was estimated to be 6,400 and 400 AU (arbitrary units)/mL for E. faecium S6 and R9, respectively. The proteinaceous nature of the bacteriocins was confirmed via enzymatic reactions. Moreover, lipolytic and glycolytic enzymes completely inactivated the antimicrobial effect of the bacteriocins. These bacteriocins were heat-resistant and stable over a wide range of pH (2.0 to 10.0). To confirm its inactivation by lipolytic and glycolytic enzymes, the bacteriocin of E. faecium S6 was further purified by gel filtration, which suggested the existence of carbohydrate and lipid moieties. In addition, enterocin-coding genes were identified by PCR, showing DNA fragments corresponding in size to enterocins A, B, and P for E. faecium S6 and to enterocins B and P for E. faecium R9. In conclusion, these results indicate that partially purified bacteriocins from E. faecium S6 and R9 may be beneficial in controlling Listeria in the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rahmeh
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait.
| | - Abrar Akbar
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Kishk
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Thanyan Al Onaizi
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Aisha Al-Shatti
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Anisha Shajan
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Batool Akbar
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Salwa Al-Mutairi
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
| | - Awatef Yateem
- Biotechnology Program, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109 Kuwait
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Aspri M, O'Connor PM, Field D, Cotter PD, Ross P, Hill C, Papademas P. Application of bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium isolated from donkey milk, in the bio-control of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh whey cheese. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Ribeiro SC, Ross RP, Stanton C, Silva CCG. Characterization and Application of Antilisterial Enterocins on Model Fresh Cheese. J Food Prot 2017; 80:1303-1316. [PMID: 28703625 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from an artisanal cheese were selected based on enterocin production against Listeria monocytogenes. The strains formed biofilms and presented high hydrophobic character and good autoaggregation and coaggregation capacity with L. monocytogenes. Strains L3A21M3 and L3B1K3 presented high survival under gastrointestinal conditions, were able to adhere to human intestinal cells (Caco-2 and HT-29), and blocked the adhesion and invasion of L. monocytogenes. The antilisterial activity of enterocins was not affected by pH (2 to 12), heating (100°C), and chemical and surfactant agents. However, strains L3A21M3 and L3A21M8 produced thermolabile enterocins, which were also sensible to extreme pH values. Enterocins exhibited a bacteriostatic mode of action against L. monocytogenes, and maximum production was observed during the stationary phase. Common enterocin structural genes were not detected by PCR amplification with specific primers, although an exhaustive screening was not performed. The enterocin produced by the L3B1K3 strain was purified and applied to model cheeses contaminated with L. monocytogenes. This enterocin reduced survival of L. monocytogenes on fresh cheeses in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose tested (2,048 arbitrary units per g of cheese) was effective in reducing the pathogen counts to undetectable values throughout storage (6 to 72 h). These results suggest that these strains have great potential to be used as biopreservatives in the food industry and also as probiotics, with the potential to prevent L. monocytogenes gastrointestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana C Ribeiro
- 1 Instituto de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias e do Ambiente (IITAA), Universidade dos Açores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-0071 [C.C.G.S.])
| | - R Paul Ross
- 2 College of Science, Engineering and Food Science, University College Cork, Ireland; and
| | - Catherine Stanton
- 3 Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Célia C G Silva
- 1 Instituto de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias e do Ambiente (IITAA), Universidade dos Açores, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-0071 [C.C.G.S.])
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Louiza L, Fatiha D, Halima ZK, Nour Eddine K. Bacteriocinogenic potential and genotypic characterization of three Enterococcus faecium isolates from Algerian raw milk and traditional butter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Nami Y, Haghshenas B, Haghshenas M, Yari Khosroushahi A. Antimicrobial activity and the presence of virulence factors and bacteriocin structural genes in Enterococcus faecium CM33 isolated from ewe colostrum. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:782. [PMID: 26284059 PMCID: PMC4518196 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from ewe colostrum led to the identification and isolation of Enterococcus faecium CM33 with interesting features like high survival rates under acidic or bile salts condition, high tolerance for the simulated gastrointestinal condition, and high adhesive potential to Caco-2 cells. According the inhibition of pathogen adhesion test results, this strain can reduce more than 50% adhesion capacity of Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus to Caco-2 cells. Based on the antibiotic sensitivity test findings, E. faecium CM33 was susceptible to gentamycin, vancomycin, erythromycin, ampicillin, penicillin, tetracycline, and rifampicin, but resistant to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and kanamycin. Upon assessment of the virulence determinants for E. faecium CM33, this strain was negative for all tested virulence genes. Furthermore, the genome of this strain was evaluated for the incidence of the known enterocin genes by specific PCR amplification and discovered the genes encoding enterocins A, 31, X, and Q. Based on this study findings, the strain E. faecium CM33 can be considered as a valuable nutraceutical and can be introduced as a new potential probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Nami
- Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Babak Haghshenas
- Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Minoo Haghshenas
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran ; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz, Iran
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Lohans CT, van Belkum MJ, Li J, Vederas JC. Characterization of bacterial antimicrobial peptides active against Campylobacter jejuni. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causes of food poisoning, often resulting from the consumption of improperly cooked poultry products. The emergence of C. jejuni strains resistant to conventional antibiotics necessitates the evaluation of other possible treatments or preventative measures to minimize the impact and prevalence of infections. Antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria have begun to emerge as a potential means of decreasing the levels of C. jejuni in poultry, thereby limiting Campylobacter contamination in associated food products. A number of bacteriocins produced by Gram-positive bacteria have unexpectedly been described as having antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative C. jejuni. Additionally, some nonribosomal lipopeptides produced by Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. show efficacy against this pathogen. This review will describe the bacterial antimicrobial peptides reported to be active against C. jejuni, with an emphasis on the characterization of their primary structures. However, for many of these peptides, little is known about their amino acid sequences and structures. Furthermore, there are unusual inconsistencies associated with the reported amino acid sequences for several of the more well-studied bacteriocins. Clarifying the chemical nature of these promising antimicrobial peptides is necessary before their potential utility for livestock protection from C. jejuni can be fully explored. Once these peptides are better characterized, they may prove to be strong candidates for minimizing the impact of Campylobacter on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Lohans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marco J. van Belkum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - John C. Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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Ndlovu B, Schoeman H, Franz C, du Toit M. Screening, identification and characterization of bacteriocins produced by wine-isolated LAB strains. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:1007-22. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Ndlovu
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - H. Schoeman
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - C.M.A.P. Franz
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Max Rubner-Institut; Kiel Germany
| | - M. du Toit
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology; Stellenbosch University; Stellenbosch South Africa
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Gene cluster responsible for secretion of and immunity to multiple bacteriocins, the NKR-5-3 enterocins. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6647-55. [PMID: 25149515 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02312-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium NKR-5-3, isolated from Thai fermented fish, is characterized by the unique ability to produce five bacteriocins, namely, enterocins NKR-5-3A, -B, -C, -D, and -Z (Ent53A, Ent53B, Ent53C, Ent53D, and Ent53Z). Genetic analysis with a genome library revealed that the bacteriocin structural genes (enkA [ent53A], enkC [ent53C], enkD [ent53D], and enkZ [ent53Z]) that encode these peptides (except for Ent53B) are located in close proximity to each other. This NKR-5-3ACDZ (Ent53ACDZ) enterocin gene cluster (approximately 13 kb long) includes certain bacteriocin biosynthetic genes such as an ABC transporter gene (enkT), two immunity genes (enkIaz and enkIc), a response regulator (enkR), and a histidine protein kinase (enkK). Heterologous-expression studies of enkT and ΔenkT mutant strains showed that enkT is responsible for the secretion of Ent53A, Ent53C, Ent53D, and Ent53Z, suggesting that EnkT is a wide-range ABC transporter that contributes to the effective production of these bacteriocins. In addition, EnkIaz and EnkIc were found to confer self-immunity to the respective bacteriocins. Furthermore, bacteriocin induction assays performed with the ΔenkRK mutant strain showed that EnkR and EnkK are regulatory proteins responsible for bacteriocin production and that, together with Ent53D, they constitute a three-component regulatory system. Thus, the Ent53ACDZ gene cluster is essential for the biosynthesis and regulation of NKR-5-3 enterocins, and this is, to our knowledge, the first report that demonstrates the secretion of multiple bacteriocins by an ABC transporter.
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Rehaiem A, Belgacem ZB, Edalatian MR, Martínez B, Rodríguez A, Manai M, Guerra NP. Assessment of potential probiotic properties and multiple bacteriocin encoding-genes of the technological performing strain Enterococcus faecium MMRA. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ahmadova A, Todorov SD, Choiset Y, Rabesona H, Mirhadi Zadi T, Kuliyev A, Franco BDGDM, Chobert JM, Haertlé T. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity, probiotic properties and safety of wild strain Enterococcus faecium AQ71 isolated from Azerbaijani Motal cheese. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cui Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Shi J, Zhang L, Ding Z, Qu X, Cui H. Class IIa bacteriocins: diversity and new developments. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16668-707. [PMID: 23222636 PMCID: PMC3546714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IIa bacteriocins are heat-stable, unmodified peptides with a conserved amino acids sequence YGNGV on their N-terminal domains, and have received much attention due to their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, their high biological activity, and their excellent heat stability. They are promising and attractive agents that could function as biopreservatives in the food industry. This review summarizes the new developments in the area of class IIa bacteriocins and aims to provide uptodate information that can be used in designing future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mail:
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhongqing Ding
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China; E-Mail:
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mail:
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Banwo K, Sanni A, Tan H. Technological properties and probiotic potential of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from cow milk. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 114:229-41. [PMID: 23035976 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify enterococci from the fermentation of milk for the production of nono, an African fermented dairy product, to determine the technological properties for suitability as starter cultures and safety as probiotics. METHODS AND RESULTS Enterococcus faecium CM4 and Enterococcus faecium 2CM1 were isolated from raw cow's milk. The strains were phenotypically and genotypically identified. Technological properties, safety investigations, in vitro adherence properties and antimicrobial characteristics were carried out. Strong acidification and tolerance to bile salts were recorded. The strains were bile salts hydrolytic positive and no haemolysis. There was no resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. The strains exhibited adherence to human collagen type IV, human fibrinogen and fibronectin. The bacteriocins were active against Bacillus cereus DSM 2301, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Micrococcus luteus and Listeria monocytogenes. Bacteriocins were stable at pH 4-9 and on treatment with lipase, catalase, α-amylase and pepsin, while their activity was lost on treatment with other proteases. The bacteriocins produced were heat stable at 100°C for 10 min. The bacteriocin produced by the strains was identified as enterocin A. CONCLUSIONS The E. faecium strains in this study exhibited probiotic activity, and the safety investigations indicate their suitability as good candidates for a starter culture fermentation process. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The use of bacteriocin-producing E. faecium strains as starter cultures in fermented foods is beneficial but, however, their safety investigations as probiotics must be greatly emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Banwo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, P.M.B 1 Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Leisner JJ, Haaber J. Intraguild predation provides a selection mechanism for bacterial antagonistic compounds. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:4513-21. [PMID: 22951735 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are bacterial proteinaceous toxins with bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal activity towards other bacteria. The current theory on their biological role concerns especially colicins, with underlying social interactions described as an example of spite. This leads to a rock-paper-scissors game between colicin producers and sensitive and resistant variants. The generality of this type of selection mechanism has previously been challenged with lactic acid bacterial (LAB) bacteriocins as an example. In the natural environment of LAB, batch cultures are the norm opposed to the natural habitats of Escherichia coli where continuous cultures are prevailing. This implies that fitness for LAB, to a large degree, is related to survival rates (bottleneck situations) rather than to growth rates. We suggest that the biological role of LAB bacteriocins is to enhance survival in the stationary growth phase by securing a supply of nutrients from lysed target cells. Thus, this social interaction is an example of selfishness rather than of spite. Specifically, it fits into an ecological model known as intraguild predation (IGP), which is a combination of competition and predation where the predator (LAB bacteriocin producer) and prey (bacteriocin susceptible bacteria) share similar and often limited resources. We hypothesize that IGP may be a common phenomenon promoting microbial production of antagonistic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Leisner
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark.
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DE LAS M CARDOSO MARÍA, MANZO RICARDOM, TONARELLI GEORGINAG, SIMONETTA ARTUROC. Characterisation of a cell-free supernatant obtained from cultures ofEnterococcus faecalisDBFIQ E24 with antagonistic activity against bacteria, yeasts and moulds. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2012.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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DU LIHUI, SOMKUTI GEORGEA, RENYE JR JOHNA, HUO GUICHENG. PROPERTIES OF DURANCIN GL, A NEW ANTILISTERIAL BACTERIOCIN PRODUCED BY ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS 41D. J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Satish Kumar R, Kanmani P, Yuvaraj N, Paari K, Pattukumar V, Arul V. Purification and characterization of enterocin MC13 produced by a potential aquaculture probiontEnterococcus faeciumMC13 isolated from the gut ofMugil cephalus. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:993-1001. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A bacteriocin producer strain MC13 was isolated from the gut of Mugil cephalus (grey mullet) and identified as Enterococcus faecium . The bacteriocin of E. faecium MC13 was purified to homogeneity, as confirmed by Tricine sodium dodecyl sulphate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed a single active fraction eluted at 26 min, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis showed the molecular mass to be 2.148 kDa. The clear zone in native PAGE corresponding to enterocin MC13 band further substantiated its molecular mass. A dialyzed sample (semicrude preparation) of enterocin MC13 was broad spectrum in its action and inhibited important seafood-borne pathogens: Listeria monocytogenes , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , and Vibrio vulnificus . This antibacterial substance was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes: trypsin, protease, and chymotrypsin but insensitive to catalase and lipase, confirming that inhibition was due to the proteinaceous molecule, i.e., bacteriocin, and not due to hydrogen peroxide. Enterocin MC13 tolerated heat treatment (up to 90 °C for 20 min). Enterococcus faecium MC13 was effective in bile salt tolerance, acid tolerance, and adhesion to the HT-29 cell line. These properties reveal the potential of E. faecium MC13 to be a probiotic bacterium. Enterococcus faecium MC13 could be used as potential fish probiotic against pathogens such as V. parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi , and Aeromonas hydrophila in fisheries. Also, this could be a valuable seafood biopreservative against L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Satish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - P. Kanmani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - N. Yuvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - K.A. Paari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - V. Pattukumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
| | - V. Arul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry-605014, India
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Aguilar-Galvez A, Dubois-Dauphin R, Campos D, Thonart P. Genetic determination and localization of multiple bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus faecium CWBI-B1430 and Enterococcus mundtii CWBI-B1431. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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The influence of growth conditions on enterocin-like production by Enterococcus faecium CWBI-B1430 and Enterococcus mundtii CWBI-B1431 isolates from artisanal Peruvian cheeses. ANN MICROBIOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-011-0219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Enterocin X, a novel two-peptide bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium KU-B5, has an antibacterial spectrum entirely different from those of its component peptides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4542-5. [PMID: 20418437 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02264-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocin X, composed of two antibacterial peptides (Xalpha and Xbeta), is a novel class IIb bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium KU-B5. When combined, Xalpha and Xbeta display variably enhanced or reduced antibacterial activity toward a panel of indicators compared to each peptide individually. In E. faecium strains that produce enterocins A and B, such as KU-B5, only one additional bacteriocin had previously been known.
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Purification and Characterization of Enterocin LR/6, a Bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecium LR/6. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:40-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8586-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Renye JA, Somkuti GA, Paul M, Van Hekken DL. Characterization of antilisterial bacteriocins produced by Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus durans isolates from Hispanic-style cheeses. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 36:261-8. [PMID: 18972146 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are often identified as constituents of the indigenous microflora from raw milk artisanal cheeses and are believed to contribute to the unique organoleptic qualities of these products. Many strains of enterococci are also known to produce antimicrobial peptides, enterocins, which may prevent the growth of certain food-born pathogens. In this study 33 enterococcal isolates from Hispanic-style cheeses were screened for the production of bacteriocins. Of the 33 isolates, 5 Enterococcus faecium and 1 Enterococcus durans isolates inhibited the growth of Listeria spp. The antilisterial activity was lost after treatment with pepsin, trypsin, pronase, proteinase K and alpha-chymotrypsin suggesting the active component was a protein or peptide. The active compounds were heat stable and had molecular weights between 4 and 8 kDa, which is characteristic of Class II enterocins. A PCR screen showed that four E. faecium isolates contained nucleic acid sequences for multiple enterocins. Isolate H41K contained entA and entP; and isolates H51Ca, H51Cb and H41B contained entA, entP and entL50AB, with H41B also containing entB. All PCR tests performed were negative for E. faecium isolate H41D, suggesting the production of a novel enterocin. The isolates were also screened for susceptibility to antibiotics, with only two showing low-level resistance to vancomycin (8 microg ml(-l)). However, three isolates were highly resistant to both tetracycline and kanamycin, with two of the isolates also showing high resistance to erythromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Renye
- United States Department of Agriculture, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 190398, USA.
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Isolation and purification of enterocin E-760 with broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 52:1094-100. [PMID: 18086839 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01569-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain NRRL B-30745, isolated from chicken ceca and identified as Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus faecium, or Enterococcus hirae, was initially identified as antagonistic to Campylobacter jejuni. The isolate produced a 5,362-Da bacteriocin (enterocin) that inhibits the growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, S. enterica serovar Choleraesuis, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium, S. enterica serovar Gallinarum, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Yersinia enterocolitica, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and 20 other Campylobacter species isolates. The enterocin, E-760, was isolated and purified by cation-exchange and hydrophobic-interaction chromatographies. The proteinaceous nature of purified enterocin E-760 was demonstrated upon treatment with various proteolytic enzymes. Specifically, the antimicrobial peptide was found to be sensitive to beta-chymotrypsin, proteinase K, and papain, while it was resistant to lysozyme and lipase. The enterocin demonstrated thermostability by retaining activity after 5 min at 100 degrees C and was stable at pH values between 5.0 and 8.7. However, activity was lost below pH 3.0 and above pH 9.5. Administration of enterocin E-760-treated feed significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the colonization of young broiler chicks experimentally challenged and colonized with two strains of C. jejuni by more than 8 log(10) CFU. Enterocin E-760 also significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the colonization of naturally acquired Campylobacter species in market age broiler chickens when administered in treated feed 4 days prior to analysis.
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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of bacteriocins in clinical enterococcal isolates of Tunisia. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-007-9519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Arlindo S, Calo P, Franco C, Prado M, Cepeda A, Barros-Velázquez J. Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the enterocin P structural gene of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from nonfermented animal foods. Mol Nutr Food Res 2006; 50:1229-38. [PMID: 17103378 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The bacteriocins produced by two lactic acid bacteria isolated from nonfermented fresh meat and fish, respectively, and exhibiting a remarkable antilisterial activity, were characterized. Bacteriocinogenic strains were identified as Enterococcus faecium and the maximum bacteriocin production by both strains was detected in the stationary phase of growth. The activity against Listeria monocytogenes was maintained in pH range of 3-7 and was stable in both strains after heating at 100 or 121 degrees C. The genes coding for enterocin P were detected, isolated, and sequenced in both E. faecium strains. They exhibited DNA/DNA homology in the 87.1-97.2% range with respect to the other four enterocin P genes reported so far. Three single nucleotide polymorphism events, silent at the amino acid level, were detected at nucleotide positions 45 (G/A), 75 (A/G), and 90 (T/C) in E. faecium LHICA 28-4 and may explain the differences reported for those loci in other enterocin P-producing E. faecium strains. This work provides the first description of enterocin P-producing E. faecium strains in nonfermented foodstuffs and, in the case of E. faecium LHICA 51, the first report of an enterocin P-producing strain isolated from fish so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Arlindo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, LHICA, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingolf F Nes
- Laboratory of Microbial Gene Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 As, Norway.
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Theppangna W, Otsuki K, Murase T. Inhibitory effects of Enterococcus strains obtained from a probiotic product on in vitro growth of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis strain IFO3313. J Food Prot 2006; 69:2258-62. [PMID: 16995534 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.9.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus gallinarum strains were isolated from a commercial probiotic product and the effects of these strains on the growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strain IFO3313 were investigated. Viable cell counts of Salmonella Enteritidis in mixed cultures with the probiotic product isolate of E. faecium were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those in pure cultures after 6, 8, and 24 h when the cultures were incubated in heart infusion broth at 37 and 41 degrees C. Significant differences in viable cell counts of Salmonella Enteritidis in mixed cultures with the probiotic product isolate of E. gallinarum and those in pure cultures were also observed after 8 and 24 h at 37 and 41degrees C. Similar observations were shown in mixed cultures of Salmonella Enteritidis with the reference strains of E. faecium GIFU8355 and E. gallinarum ATCC 49573. Significant differences in viable cell counts of these enterococcal strains were not shown among pure and mixed cultures with Salmonella Enteritidis. The pH values in pure and mixed cultures were 7.0 or 7.5 throughout the experiments. E. faecium strains were found to harbor the genes encoding enterocins A and B and showed inhibitory zones with a diameter of 4 to 6 mm against growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in the enterocin production assays. However, the E. gallinarum strains possessed neither of the enterocin genes tested and exhibited no inhibition zone in the enterocin production assays. These results indicated that enterococcal strains exhibit inhibitory effects on the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis and these effects were due to both enterocin and nonenterocin factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watthana Theppangna
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Abriouel H, Ben Omar N, Lucas R, Martínez-Cañamero M, Gálvez A. Bacteriocin production, plasmid content and plasmid location of enterocin P structural gene in enterococci isolated from food sources. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 42:331-7. [PMID: 16599984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To characterize bacteriocin production, antimicrobial spectrum and plasmid content in bacteriocinogenic enterococci from foods. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus faecium (14 isolates) and Enterococcus faecalis (three isolates) showed two different patterns of bacteriocin production in liquid broth: exponential-phase and stationary-phase production. Bacteriocin concentrates from all enterococci were inactivated by trypsin, but seldom by heat (100-117 degrees C), extremes of pH (2.0 to 9.0) or reducing agents (such as dithiothreitol). All bacteriocin concentrates were active against Listeria innocua and Listeria monocytogenes, and most were also active against many Ent. faecalis and Ent. faecium isolates. Enterococci clustered in three main groups according to their plasmid content (which included plasmids from 2.0 to 53 kb). Several isolates from different foods showed almost identical plasmid profiles. The enterocin P structural gene (entP) was detected by hybridization on plasmids of c. 19, 26 and/or 35-38 kb. CONCLUSIONS Enterococci from food show different patterns of bacteriocin production and different plasmid content in spite of carrying similar bacteriocin-encoding genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides information on the diversity of bacteriocinogenic enterococci from food sources carrying apparently similar enterocin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Abriouel
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Area de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaen, Spain
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Yoon YC, Park HJ, Lee NK, Paik HD. Characterization and enhanced production of enterocin HJ35 byEnterococcus faecium HJ35 isolated from human skin. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02931845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zendo T, Eungruttanagorn N, Fujioka S, Tashiro Y, Nomura K, Sera Y, Kobayashi G, Nakayama J, Ishizaki A, Sonomoto K. Identification and production of a bacteriocin from Enterococcus mundtii QU 2 isolated from soybean. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 99:1181-90. [PMID: 16238749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Identification of the bacteriocin produced by Enterococcus mundtii QU 2 newly isolated from soybean and fermentative production of the bacteriocin. METHODS AND RESULTS The bacteriocin produced by Ent. mundtii QU 2 inhibited the growth of various indicator strains, including Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Listeria. The bacteriocin activity was stable at wide pH range and against heat treatment, but completely abolished by proteolytic enzymes. The bacteriocin was purified from the culture supernatant by the three-step chromatographic procedure. Mass spectrometry, amino acid sequencing and DNA sequencing revealed that the bacteriocin was similar to class IIa bacteriocins produced by other Ent. mundtii strains. The bacteriocin production decreased in the absence of glucose, nitrogen sources, or Tween 80 in MRS medium. Additionally, it was strongly suppressed by addition of Ca(2+) (CaCO(3) or CaCl(2)). In pH-controlled fermentations, the highest bacteriocin production was achieved at pH 6.0, whereas the highest cell growth was obtained at pH 7.0. CONCLUSIONS Ent. mundtii QU 2 produced a class IIa bacteriocin. Some growth factors (e.g. Ca(2+) and pH) influenced the bacteriocin production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A new soybean isolate, Ent. mundtii QU 2 was found to be a class IIa bacteriocin producer. Factors influencing the bacteriocin production described herein are valuable for applications of the bacteriocins from Ent. mundtii strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zendo
- Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Division of Microbial Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
The demonstration that immune and epithelial cells can discriminate between different microbial species has extended our understanding of the actions of probiotics beyond simple barrier and antimicrobial concepts. Several probiotic mechanisms of action, relative to inflammatory bowel disease, have been elucidated: (1) competitive exclusion, whereby probiotics compete with microbial pathogens for a limited number of receptors present on the surface epithelium; (2) immunomodulation and/or stimulation of an immune response of gut-associated lymphoid and epithelial cells; (3) antimicrobial activity and suppression of pathogen growth; (4) enhancement of barrier function; and (5) induction of T cell apoptosis in the mucosal immune compartment. The unraveling of these mechanisms of action has led to new support for the use of probiotics in the management of clinical inflammatory bowel disease. Though level 1 evidence now supports the therapeutic use of probiotics in the treatment of postoperative pouchitis, only levels 2 and 3 evidence is currently available in support of the use of probiotics in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Nevertheless, one significant and consistent finding has emerged during the course of research in the past year: not all probiotic bacteria have similar therapeutic effects. Rigorously designed, controlled clinical trials are vital to investigate the unresolved issues related to efficacy, dose, duration of use, single or multi-strain formulation, and the concomitant use of probiotics, synbiotics, or antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard N Fedorak
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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